Covalent Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrode with Aspartic Acid for Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone and Catechol

Electrochemical Detection of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers at a Pencil Graphite Based Electrode

In this work, an HB pencil electrode (HBPE) was electrochemically modified by amino acids (AAs) glycine (GLY) and aspartic acid (ASA) and designated as GLY-HB and ASA-HB electrodes. They were used in the detection of dihydroxybenzene isomers (DHBIs) such as hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and resorcinol (RS), by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and by differential pulse voltammetry. HBPE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. These three electrodes showed a linear relationship of current with concentration of DHBIs, and the electrochemical processes were diffusion controlled in all cases. In simultaneous detection, the limit of detection, based on signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3), for HQ, CC, and RS was 12.473, 16.132, and 25.25 μM, respectively, at bare HBPE; 5.498, 7.119, and 14.794 μM, respectively, at GLY-HB; and 22.459, 25.478, and 38.303 μM, respectively, at ASA-HB. The sensitivity for HQ, CC, and RS was 470.481, 363.781, and 232.416 μA/mM/cm², respectively, at bare HBPE; 364.785, 282.712, and 135.560 μA/mM/cm², respectively, at GLY-HB; and 374.483, 330.108, and 219.574, respectively, at ASA-HB. The interference studies clarified the suitability and reliability of the electrodes for the detection of HQ, CC, and RS in an environmental system. Real sample analysis was done using tap water, and the proposed electrodes expressed recovery with high reproducibility. Meanwhile, these three electrodes have excellent sensitivity and selectivity, which can be used as a promising technique for the detection of DHBIs simultaneously.

Ecofriendly preparation of graphene sheets decorated with an ethylenediamine copper(ii) complex composite modified electrode for the selective detection of hydroquinone in water

A reduced graphene oxide decorated copper(ii) ethylenediamine complex composite modified electrode was applied for the electrochemical determination of hydroquinone.

Simultaneous Detection and Estimation of Catechol, Hydroquinone, and Resorcinol in Binary and Ternary Mixtures Using Electrochemical Techniques

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed with a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with polyglutamic acid (PGA) on the three dihydroxybenzene isomers, catechol (CT), hydroquinone (HQ), and resorcinol (RS). At bare GCE, these isomers exhibited voltammograms with highly overlapped redox peaks that impeded their simultaneous detection in binary and ternary mixtures. On the contrary, at PGA modified GCE binary and ternary mixtures of the dihydroxybenzene isomers showed well-resolved redox peaks in both CV and DPV experiments. This resolving ability of PGA modified GCE proves its potential to be exploited as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of these isomers.