1
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Díaz J, Pagonabarraga I. Emergent structures in active block copolymer composites. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:L062601. [PMID: 38243535 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.l062601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Block copolymer melts offer unique templates to control the position and alignment of nanoparticles due to their ability to self-assemble into periodic ordered structures. Active particles are shown to coassemble with block copolymers leading to emergent organized structures. The block copolymer acts as a soft template that can control the self-propulsion of active particles, both for interface-segregated and selective nanoparticles. At moderate activities, active particles can form organized structures such as polarized trains or rotating vortices. At high activity, the contrast in the polymeric and colloidal timescales can lead to particle swarms with distorted block copolymer morphology, due to the competition between polymeric self-assembly and active Brownian self-propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Díaz
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Shulenberger KE, Jilek MR, Sherman SJ, Hohman BT, Dukovic G. Electronic Structure and Excited State Dynamics of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanorods. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3852-3903. [PMID: 36881852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The cylindrical quasi-one-dimensional shape of colloidal semiconductor nanorods (NRs) gives them unique electronic structure and optical properties. In addition to the band gap tunability common to nanocrystals, NRs have polarized light absorption and emission and high molar absorptivities. NR-shaped heterostructures feature control of electron and hole locations as well as light emission energy and efficiency. We comprehensively review the electronic structure and optical properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs and NR heterostructures (e.g., CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods, CdSe/ZnS rod-in-rods), which have been widely investigated over the last two decades due in part to promising optoelectronic applications. We start by describing methods for synthesizing these colloidal NRs. We then detail the electronic structure of single-component and heterostructure NRs and follow with a discussion of light absorption and emission in these materials. Next, we describe the excited state dynamics of these NRs, including carrier cooling, carrier and exciton migration, radiative and nonradiative recombination, multiexciton generation and dynamics, and processes that involve trapped carriers. Finally, we describe charge transfer from photoexcited NRs and connect the dynamics of these processes with light-driven chemistry. We end with an outlook that highlights some of the outstanding questions about the excited state properties of Cd-chalcogenide NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison R Jilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Skylar J Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin T Hohman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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3
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Tang Y, Cai T, Lin J, Zhang L. Precise Control over Positioning and Orientation of Nanorods in Block Copolymer Nanocomposites via Regulation of Coassembly Pathways. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tianyun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Non-Bulk Morphologies of Extremely Thin Block Copolymer Films Cast on Topographically Defined Substrates Featuring Deep Trenches: The Importance of Lateral Confinement. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041035. [PMID: 36850318 PMCID: PMC9958675 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of block copolymers is evolving toward applications that are more defect-tolerant but still require high morphological control and could benefit from simple, inexpensive fabrication processes. Previously, we demonstrated that simply casting ultra-thin block copolymer films on topographically defined substrates leads to hierarchical structures with dual patterns in a controlled manner and unraveled the dependence of the local morphology on the topographic feature dimensions. In this article, we discuss the extreme of the ultraconfined thickness regime at the border of film dewetting. Additional non-bulk morphologies are observed at this extreme, which further elaborate the arsenal of dual patterns that could be obtained in coexistence with full placement control. It is shown that as the thickness confinement approaches its limit, lateral confinement imposed by the width of the plateaus becomes a critical factor influencing the local morphology.
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Diaz J, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky A, Pagonabarraga I. Nanoparticle anisotropy induces sphere-to-cylinder phase transition in block copolymer melts. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3638-3643. [PMID: 35514297 PMCID: PMC9116154 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer nanocomposites including anisotropic nanoparticles have been previously found to co-assemble into complex structures with nanoparticle alignment. Anisotropic nanoparticles with large aspect ratios are found to modify the morphology of block copolymers at modest concentrations, inducing a sphere-to-cylinder phase transition by breaking the local symmetry in the vicinity of a solid particle. This transition takes place over a wide range of NP lengths comparable with the BCP spacing. Controlling the orientation of uniaxial nanoparticles provides additional control over the global orientation of the block copolymer, as previously reported by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz
- CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, EPFL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime - Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pinna
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Andrei Zvelindovsky
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, EPFL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime - Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Hybrid Time-Dependent Ginzburg–Landau Simulations of Block Copolymer Nanocomposites: Nanoparticle Anisotropy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091910. [PMID: 35567080 PMCID: PMC9103753 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymer melts are perfect candidates to template the position of colloidal nanoparticles in the nanoscale, on top of their well-known suitability for lithography applications. This is due to their ability to self-assemble into periodic ordered structures, in which nanoparticles can segregate depending on the polymer–particle interactions, size and shape. The resulting coassembled structure can be highly ordered as a combination of both the polymeric and colloidal properties. The time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau model for the block copolymer was combined with Brownian dynamics for nanoparticles, resulting in an efficient mesoscopic model to study the complex behaviour of block copolymer nanocomposites. This review covers recent developments of the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau/Brownian dynamics scheme. This includes efforts to parallelise the numerical scheme and applications of the model. The validity of the model is studied by comparing simulation and experimental results for isotropic nanoparticles. Extensions to simulate nonspherical and inhomogeneous nanoparticles are discussed and simulation results are discussed. The time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau/Brownian dynamics scheme is shown to be a flexible method which can account for the relatively large system sizes required to study block copolymer nanocomposite systems, while being easily extensible to simulate nonspherical nanoparticles.
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Assembly of Semiconductor Nanorods into Circular Arrangements Mediated by Block Copolymer Micelles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082949. [PMID: 35454639 PMCID: PMC9028013 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The collective properties of ordered ensembles of anisotropically shaped nanoparticles depend on the morphology of organization. Here, we describe the utilization of block copolymer micelles to bias the natural packing tendency of semiconductor nanorods and organize them into circularly arranged superstructures. These structures are formed as a result of competition between the segregation tendency of the nanorods in solution and in the polymer melt; when the nanorods are highly compatible with the solvent but prefer to segregate in the melt to the core-forming block, they migrate during annealing toward the core–corona interface, and their superstructure is, thus, templated by the shape of the micelle. The nanorods, in turn, exhibit surfactant-like behavior and protect the micelles from coalescence during annealing. Lastly, the influence of the attributes of the micelles on nanorod organization is also studied. The circular nanorod arrangements and the insights gained in this study add to a growing list of possibilities for organizing metal and semiconductor nanorods that can be achieved using rational design.
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Gold nanoparticle arrays organized in mixed patterns through directed self-assembly of ultrathin block copolymer films on topographic substrates. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Ogata K, Matsumoto K, Kobayashi Y, Kubo S, Shishido A. Unidirectional Alignment of Surface-Grafted ZnO Nanorods in Micrometer-Thick Cells Using Low-Molecular-Weight Liquid Crystals. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030689. [PMID: 35163954 PMCID: PMC8839402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials such as nanotubes and nanorods have attracted great attention due to their anisotropic properties. Although the alignment control of inorganic nanomaterials is key to the development of functional devices utilizing their fascinating properties, there is still difficulty in achieving uniform alignment over a large area with a micrometer thickness. To overcome this problem, we focused on liquid crystals (LCs) to promote the alignment of anisotropic nanomaterials, taking advantage of the cooperative motion of LCs. We present the uniform, one-dimensional alignment of ZnO nanorods along the direction of LCs in micrometer-thick cells by grafting nematic LC polymers from the nanorod surfaces to provide miscibility with the host LCs. Polarized optical microscopy and polarized UV-visible absorption spectroscopy revealed the unidirectional alignment of nematic LC polymer-grafted ZnO nanorods parallel to the nematic host LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Ogata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-12, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (K.O.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-12, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (K.O.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-12, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (K.O.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kubo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-12, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (K.O.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Atsushi Shishido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-12, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; (K.O.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (A.S.)
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Diaz J, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Pagonabarraga I. Nematic Ordering of Anisotropic Nanoparticles in Block Copolymers. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz
- CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marco Pinna
- Centre for Computational Physics University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Lincoln LN6 7TS UK
| | | | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona 08028 Spain
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11
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Bian T, Klajn R. Morphology control in crystalline nanoparticle-polymer aggregates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1505:191-201. [PMID: 34427923 PMCID: PMC9291468 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Self‐assembly of nanoparticles can be mediated by polymers, but has so far led almost exclusively to nanoparticle aggregates that are amorphous. Here, we employed Coulombic interactions to generate a range of composite materials from mixtures of charged nanoparticles and oppositely charged polymers. The assembly behavior of these nanoparticle/polymer composites depends on their order of addition: polymers added to nanoparticles give rise to stable aggregates, but nanoparticles added to polymers disassemble the initially formed aggregates. The amorphous aggregates were transformed into crystalline ones by transiently increasing the ionic strength of the solution. The morphology of the resulting crystals depended on the length of the polymer: short polymer chains mediated the self‐assembly of nanoparticles into strongly faceted crystals, whereas long chains led to pseudospherical nanoparticle/polymer assemblies, within which the crystalline order of nanoparticles was retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Bian
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Diaz J, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Pagonabarraga I. Parallel Hybrid Simulations of Block Copolymer Nanocomposites using Coarray Fortran. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz
- CECAM Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Batochime ‐ Avenue Forel 2 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Marco Pinna
- Centre for Computational Physics University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Lincoln LN6 7TS UK
| | | | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- CECAM Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Batochime ‐ Avenue Forel 2 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona 08028 Spain
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13
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Diaz J, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Pagonabarraga I, Shenhar R. Block Copolymer–Nanorod Co-assembly in Thin Films: Effects of Rod–Rod Interaction and Confinement. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz
- Centre for computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, U.K
| | - Marco Pinna
- Centre for computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, U.K
| | - Andrei V. Zvelindovsky
- Centre for computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, U.K
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Batochime - Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roy Shenhar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Rasin B, Lindsay BJ, Ye X, Meth JS, Murray CB, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Nanorod position and orientation in vertical cylinder block copolymer films. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3005-3014. [PMID: 32125345 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) of different sizes with a block copolymer (BCP) is studied. Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) films containing P2VP functionalized AuNRs are solvent annealed resulting in a BCP morphology of vertical P2VP cylinders in a PS matrix. At the surface of the PS-b-P2VP films long AuNRs are found in the bridging and vertical states. The bridging state is where the long axis of the AuNR is parallel to the film surface, the AuNR is embedded in the film, and each end of the AuNR is at the top of nearest neighbor P2VP cylinders. The vertical state is where the AuNR is localized within a vertical P2VP cylinder, the AuNR long axis is perpendicular to the film surface and the upper tip of the AuNR is at the film surface. Short AuNRs were found in the bridging and vertical states as well as in a state not observed for the long AuNRs, the centered state. The centered state is where an AuNR has its long axis parallel to the film surface, is embedded in the film, and is centered over a vertical P2VP cylinder. Hybrid particle-field theory (HPFT) simulations modeling the experimental system predict that for the long AuNRs only the bridging state should be observed while for the short AuNRs only the bridging and centered states should be observed. Possible explanations for why the vertical state is observed in experiments despite being thermodynamically unfavorable in simulations are discussed. HPFT simulations also show that when a nanorod is in the bridging state the two cylinders it bridges remain intact and extend from the nanorod to the substrate. Further, the minority block of the BCP is shown to wet the bottom of the bridging nanorod. The bridging state is very promising for the future development of self-assembled nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rasin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Diaz J, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky AV, Pagonabarraga I. Large scale three dimensional simulations of hybrid block copolymer/nanoparticle systems. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9325-9335. [PMID: 31687717 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01760g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer melts self-assemble in the bulk into a variety of nanostructures, making them perfect candidates to template the position of nanoparticles. The morphological changes of block copolymers are studied in the presence of a considerable filling fraction of colloids. Furthermore, colloids can be found to assemble into ordered hexagonally close-packed structures in a defined number of layers when softly confined within the phase-separated block copolymer. A high concentration of interface-compatible nanoparticles leads to complex long-lived block copolymer morphologies depending on the polymeric composition. Macrophase separation between the colloids and the block copolymer can be induced if colloids are unsolvable within the matrix. This leads to the formation of ellipsoid-shaped polymer-rich domains elongated along the direction perpendicular to the interface between block copolymer domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK. and CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime - Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pinna
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Andrei V Zvelindovsky
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime - Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland and Departament de Física de la Matéria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martíi Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Krook NM, Tabedzki C, Elbert KC, Yager KG, Murray CB, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Experiments and Simulations Probing Local Domain Bulge and String Assembly of Aligned Nanoplates in a Lamellar Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Kim GY, Kim S, Choi J, Kim M, Lim H, Nam TW, Choi W, Cho EN, Han HJ, Lee C, Kim JC, Jeong HY, Choi SY, Jang MS, Jeon DY, Jung YS. Order-of-Magnitude, Broadband-Enhanced Light Emission from Quantum Dots Assembled in Multiscale Phase-Separated Block Copolymers. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6827-6838. [PMID: 31476862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high emission efficiency in solid-state quantum dots (QDs) is an essential requirement for high-performance QD optoelectronics. However, most QD films suffer from insufficient excitation and light extraction efficiencies, along with nonradiative energy transfer between closely adjacent QDs. Herein, we suggest a highly effective strategy to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of QD composite films through an assembly of QDs and poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine)) (PS-b-P4VP) block copolymer (BCP). A BCP matrix casted under controlled humidity provides multiscale phase-separation features based on (1) submicrometer-scale spinodal decomposition between polymer-rich and water-rich phases and (2) sub-10 nm-scale microphase separation between polymer blocks. The BCP-QD composite containing bicontinuous random pores achieves significant enhancement of both light absorption and extraction efficiencies via effective random light scattering. Moreover, the microphase-separated morphology substantially reduces the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency from 53% (pure QD film) to 22% (BCP-QD composite), collectively achieving an unprecedented 21-fold enhanced PL over a broad spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shinho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hunhee Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene N Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeuk Jin Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - ChulHee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Kim
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup , Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup , Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yool Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Young Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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18
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Diaz J, Pinna M, Zvelindovsky A, Pagonabarraga I. Co-assembly of Janus nanoparticles in block copolymer systems. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6400-6410. [PMID: 31318004 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer are ideal matrices to control the localisation of colloids. Furthermore, anisotropic nanoparticles such as Janus nanoparticles possess an additional orientational degree of freedom that can play a crucial role in the formation of highly ordered materials made of block copolymers. This work presents a mesoscopic simulation method to assert the co-assembly of Janus nanoparticles in a block copolymer mixture, finding numerous instances of aggregation and formation of ordered configurations. Comparison with chemically homogeneous neutral nanoparticles shows that Janus nanoparticles are less prone to induce bridging along lamellar domains, thus being a less destructive way to segregate nanoparticles at interfaces. The combination of asymmetric block copolymer and asymmetric Janus nanoparticles can result in assembly of colloids with an even number of layers within the minority domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Marco Pinna
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Andrei Zvelindovsky
- Centre for Computational Physics, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain and CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime - Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Hsu SW, Xu T. Tailoring Co-assembly of Nanodiscs and Block Copolymer-Based Supramolecules by Manipulating Interparticle Interactions. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Xu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Krook NM, Ford J, Maréchal M, Rannou P, Meth JS, Murray CB, Composto RJ. Alignment of Nanoplates in Lamellar Diblock Copolymer Domains and the Effect of Particle Volume Fraction on Phase Behavior. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1400-1407. [PMID: 35651232 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) that employ diblock copolymers (BCPs) to organize and align anisotropic nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to facilitate self-assembling hierarchical structures. However, limited studies have been completed to understand the parameters that guide the assembly of nonspherical NPs in BCPs. In this work, we establish a well-defined nanoplate system to investigate the alignment of two-dimensional materials in a lamellar-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BCP with domains oriented parallel to the substrate. Monodisperse gadolinium trifluoride rhombic nanoplates doped with ytterbium and erbium [GdF3:Yb/Er (20/2 mol %)] are synthesized and grafted with phosphoric acid functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-PO3H2). Designed with chemical specificity to one block, the nanoplates align in the PMMA domain at low volume fractions (ϕ = 0.0083 and ϕ = 0.017). At these low NP loadings, the BCP lamellae are ordered and induce preferential alignment of the GdF3:Yb/Er nanoplates. However, at high volume fractions (ϕ = 0.050 and ϕ = 0.064), the BCP lamellae are disordered with isotropically dispersed nanoplates. The transition from an ordered BCP system with aligned nanoplates to a disordered BCP with unaligned nanoplates coincides with the calculated overlap volume fraction, ϕ* = 0.051, where the pervaded space of the NPs begins to overlap. Two phenomena are observed in the results: the effect of lamellar formation on nanoplate orientation and the overall phase behavior of the PNCs. The presented research not only expands our knowledge of PNC phase behavior but also introduces a framework to further study the parameters that affect nanoplate alignment in BCP nanocomposites. Our ability to control anisotropic NP orientation in PNCs through self-assembling techniques lends itself to creating multifunctional materials with unique properties for various applications such as photovoltaic cells and barrier coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M. Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jamie Ford
- Nanoscale Characterization Facility, Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Maréchal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Osipov M, Ushakova A. Orientational ordering and spatial distribution of Janus nanoparticles in lamellae diblock copolymers. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Ghimire S, Sivadas A, Yuyama KI, Takano Y, Francis R, Biju V. Quantum dot-polymer conjugates for stable luminescent displays. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13368-13374. [PMID: 29790552 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The broad absorption of light in the UV-Vis-NIR region and the size-based tunable photoluminescence color of semiconductor quantum dots make these tiny crystals one of the most attractive antennae in solar cells and phosphors in electrooptical devices. One of the primary requirements for such real-world applications of quantum dots is their stable and uniform distribution in optically transparent matrices. In this work, we prepare transparent thin films of polymer-quantum dot conjugates, where CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are uniformly distributed at high densities in a chitosan-polystyrene copolymer (CS-g-PS) matrix. Here, quantum dots in an aqueous solution are conjugated to the copolymer by a phase transfer reaction. With the stable conjugation of quantum dots to the copolymer, we prevent undesired phase separation between the two and aggregation of quantum dots. Furthermore, the conjugate allows us to prepare transparent thin films in which quantum dots are uniformly distributed at high densities. The CS-g-PS copolymer helps us in not only preserving the photoluminescence properties of quantum dots in the film but also rendering excellent photostability to quantum dots at the ensemble and single particle levels, making the conjugate a promising material for photoluminescence-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Ghimire
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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23
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Osipov MA, Gorkunov MV, Berezkin AV, Kudryavtsev YV. Phase behavior and orientational ordering in block copolymers doped with anisotropic nanoparticles. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:042706. [PMID: 29758762 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.042706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A molecular field theory and coarse-grained computer simulations with dissipative particle dynamics have been used to study the spontaneous orientational ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in the lamellar and hexagonal phases of diblock copolymers and the effect of nanoparticles on the phase behavior of these systems. Both the molecular theory and computer simulations indicate that strongly anisotropic nanoparticles are ordered orientationally mainly in the boundary region between the domains and the nematic order parameter possesses opposite signs in adjacent domains. The orientational order is induced by the boundary and by the interaction between nanoparticles and the monomer units in different domains. In simulations, sufficiently long and strongly selective nanoparticles are ordered also inside the domains. The nematic order parameter and local concentration profiles of nanoparticles have been calculated numerically using the model of a nanoparticle with two interaction centers and also determined using the results of computer simulations. A number of phase diagrams have been obtained which illustrate the effect of nanoparticle selectivity and molar fraction of the stability ranges of various phases. Different morphologies have been identified by analyzing the static structure factor and a phase diagram has been constructed in coordinates' nanoparticle concentration-copolymer composition. Orientational ordering of even a small fraction of nanoparticles may result in a significant increase of the dielectric anisotropy of a polymer nanocomposite, which is important for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Osipov
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, Scotland, United Kingdom.,Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics," Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Berezkin
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y V Kudryavtsev
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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24
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Zhang S, Pelligra CI, Feng X, Osuji CO. Directed Assembly of Hybrid Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705794. [PMID: 29520839 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials are molecular or colloidal-level combinations of organic and inorganic materials, or otherwise strongly dissimilar materials. They are often, though not exclusively, anisotropic in shape. A canonical example is an inorganic nanorod or nanosheet sheathed in, or decorated by, a polymeric or other organic material, where both the inorganic and organic components are important for the properties of the system. Hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites have generated strong interest for a broad range of applications due to their functional properties. Generating macroscopic assemblies of hybrid nanomaterials and nanomaterials in nanocomposites with controlled orientation and placement by directed assembly is important for realizing such applications. Here, a survey of critical issues and themes in directed assembly of hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites is provided, highlighting recent efforts in this field with particular emphasis on scalable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanju Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Candice I Pelligra
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Xunda Feng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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25
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Panfil YE, Oded M, Banin U. Colloidal Quantum Nanostructures: Emerging Materials for Display Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4274-4295. [PMID: 28975692 PMCID: PMC6001641 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (SCNCs) or, more broadly, colloidal quantum nanostructures constitute outstanding model systems for investigating size and dimensionality effects. Their nanoscale dimensions lead to quantum confinement effects that enable tuning of their optical and electronic properties. Thus, emission color control with narrow photoluminescence spectra, wide absorbance spectra, and outstanding photostability, combined with their chemical processability through control of their surface chemistry leads to the emergence of SCNCs as outstanding materials for present and next-generation displays. In this Review, we present the fundamental chemical and physical properties of SCNCs, followed by a description of the advantages of different colloidal quantum nanostructures for display applications. The open challenges with respect to their optical activity are addressed. Both photoluminescent and electroluminescent display scenarios utilizing SCNCs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossef E. Panfil
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Meirav Oded
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
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26
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Panfil YE, Oded M, Banin U. Kolloidale Quantennanostrukturen: neue Materialien für Displayanwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yossef E. Panfil
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Meirav Oded
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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27
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Qiao F, Wang X, Wang Q, He G, Xie Y. Functionalized self-assembly of colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) nanorods on solid substrates for device applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8066-8079. [PMID: 28585959 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to randomly oriented nanorods (NRs), self-assembly of the colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) NRs into well-organized large-scale structures results in unique collective properties. Moreover, the anisotropic structural features of self-assemblies preserved from colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) NRs have opened up exciting opportunities in the field of nanotechnology applications. We present the latest strategies for the self-assembly of colloidal NRs on solid substrates, and further focus on the self-assembled NRs for applications in devices. Advanced progress in the preparation of NR building blocks on the basis of nanofabrication techniques and comprehensive studies on the interactions of NRs with substrates will remarkably expand the application of colloidal semiconductor NRs. Understanding and mastering the driving forces behind the assembly of the NRs is the key goal of engineering future functional structures based on NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Qiao
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P R China.
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28
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Schneider J, Zhang W, Srivastava AK, Chigrinov VG, Kwok HS, Rogach AL. Photoinduced Micropattern Alignment of Semiconductor Nanorods with Polarized Emission in a Liquid Crystal Polymer Matrix. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3133-3138. [PMID: 28394620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoalignment technology provides high alignment quality with an exceptional control over the local director of liquid crystals. Because of the reorientation ability of sulfonic azo dye molecules, they offer high azimuthal and polar anchoring energy with a low pretilt angle for the orientation of liquid crystals and liquid crystal composites. In this work, we make use of this approach to align thin film composites of light-emitting semiconductor nanorods dispersed in a liquid crystal polymer into both one-dimensional and two-dimensional microscale patterns. After unidirectional alignment, the patterns are fabricated by a second irradiation with different polarization azimuth and the employment of a photomask. Fluorescence micrographs reveal the nanorod pattern alignment in domain sizes down to 2 μm. Apart from demonstrating the possibility of controlling the orientation of anisotropic nanocrystals with strongly polarized emission on microscopic scale, our results are promising for the fabrication of complex nanostructures for photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schneider
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wanlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Abhishek K Srivastava
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vladimir G Chigrinov
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hoi-Sing Kwok
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
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29
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Berezkin AV, Kudryavtsev YV, Gorkunov MV, Osipov MA. Ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in diblock copolymer lamellae: Simulations with dissipative particle dynamics and a molecular theory. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:144902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4979897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Berezkin
- Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Osipov
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Mathematics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, Scotland, United Kingdom
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30
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Guo YQ, Pan JX, Sun MN, Zhang JJ. Phase transition of a symmetric diblock copolymer induced by nanorods with different surface chemistry. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:024902. [PMID: 28088151 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the phase transition of a symmetric diblock copolymer induced by nanorods with different surface chemistry. The results demonstrate that the system occurs the phase transition from a disordered structure to ordered parallel lamellae and then to the tilted layered structure as the number of rods increases. The dynamic evolution of the domain size and the order parameter of the microstructure are also examined. Furthermore, the influence of rod property, rod-phase interaction, rod-rod interaction, rod length, and polymerization degree on the behavior of the polymer system is also investigated systematically. Moreover, longer amphiphilic nanorods tend to make the polymer system form the hexagonal structure. It transforms into a perpendicular lamellar structure as the polymerization degree increases. Our simulations provide an efficient method for determining how to obtain the ordered structure on the nanometer scales and design the functional materials with optical, electronic, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Guo
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Jun-Xing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Min-Na Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Jin-Jun Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
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31
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Osipov MA, Gorkunov MV. Spatial distribution and nematic ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in lamellae and hexagonal phases of block copolymers. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:126. [PMID: 28012147 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Orientational and translational ordering of anisotropic nanoparticles in the lamellae and hexagonal phases of diblock copolymers have been considered theoretically in the case of strong segregation taking into account the anisotropic interaction between the nanoparticles and the monomers in different blocks. It has been shown that anisotropic nanoparticles are orientationally ordered in the boundary region between the blocks and the nematic order parameter possesses opposite signs in different blocks: the nanoparticles align parallel to the boundary in one block and perpendicular to it in the other. In the hexagonal phase, a weak biaxial ordering of nanoparticles is also induced in the boundary region. Explicit analytical results have been obtained for the distribution of nanoparticles in the lamellae phase. The results are compared with the existing experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Osipov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, Scotland, UK
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia.
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32
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Thorkelsson K, Bronstein N, Xu T. Nanorod-Based Supramolecular Nanocomposites: Effects of Nanorod Length. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Xu
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Cunningham PD, Souza JB, Fedin I, She C, Lee B, Talapin DV. Assessment of Anisotropic Semiconductor Nanorod and Nanoplatelet Heterostructures with Polarized Emission for Liquid Crystal Display Technology. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5769-81. [PMID: 27203222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanorods can emit linear-polarized light at efficiencies over 80%. Polarization of light in these systems, confirmed through single-rod spectroscopy, can be explained on the basis of the anisotropy of the transition dipole moment and dielectric confinement effects. Here we report emission polarization in macroscopic semiconductor-polymer composite films containing CdSe/CdS nanorods and colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets. Anisotropic nanocrystals dispersed in polymer films of poly butyl-co-isobutyl methacrylate (PBiBMA) can be stretched mechanically in order to obtain unidirectionally aligned arrays. A high degree of alignment, corresponding to an orientation factor of 0.87, was achieved and large areas demonstrated polarized emission, with the contrast ratio I∥/I⊥ = 5.6, making these films viable candidates for use in liquid crystal display (LCD) devices. To some surprise, we observed significant optical anisotropy and emission polarization for 2D CdSe nanoplatelets with the electronic structure of quantum wells. The aligned nanorod arrays serve as optical funnels, absorbing unpolarized light and re-emitting light from deep-green to red with quantum efficiencies over 90% and high degree of linear polarization. Our results conclusively demonstrate the benefits of anisotropic nanostructures for LCD backlighting. The polymer films with aligned CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod and rod-in-rod nanostructures show more than 2-fold enhancement of brightness compared to the emitter layers with randomly oriented nanostructures. This effect can be explained as the combination of linearly polarized luminescence and directional emission from individual nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - João B Souza
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Colloidal Materials Group , CP 780, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Fedin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chunxing She
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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34
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Michman E, Shenhar R. Directed self-assembly of block copolymer-based nanocomposites in thin films. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Michman
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
| | - R. Shenhar
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 9190401 Israel
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35
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Rasin B, Chao H, Jiang G, Wang D, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Dispersion and alignment of nanorods in cylindrical block copolymer thin films. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2177-2185. [PMID: 26777462 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in controlling the dispersion of spherical nanoparticles in block copolymer thin films, our ability to disperse and control the assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into well-defined structures is lacking in comparison. Here we use a combination of experiments and field theoretic simulations to examine the assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in a block copolymer. Experimentally, poly(2-vinylpyridine)-grafted AuNRs (P2VP-AuNRs) are incorporated into poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) thin films with a vertical cylinder morphology. At sufficiently low concentrations, the AuNRs disperse in the block copolymer thin film. For these dispersed AuNR systems, atomic force microscopy combined with sequential ultraviolet ozone etching indicates that the P2VP-AuNRs segregate to the base of the P2VP cylinders. Furthermore, top-down transmission electron microscopy imaging shows that the P2VP-AuNRs mainly lie parallel to the substrate. Our field theoretic simulations indicate that the NRs are strongly attracted to the cylinder base where they can relieve the local stretching of the minority block of the copolymer. These simulations also indicate conditions that will drive AuNRs to adopt a vertical orientation, namely by increasing nanorod length and/or reducing the wetting of the short block towards the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rasin
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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36
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Chandaluri CG, Pelossof G, Tel-Vered R, Shenhar R, Willner I. Block Copolymer Patterns as Templates for the Electrocatalyzed Deposition of Nanostructures on Electrodes and for the Generation of Surfaces of Controlled Wettability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1440-1446. [PMID: 26699381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ITO electrodes modified with a nanopatterned film of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine), PS-b-P2VP, where the P2VP domains are quaternized with iodomethane, are used for selective deposition of redox-active materials. Electrochemical studies (cyclic voltammetry, Faradaic impedance measurements) indicate that the PS domains insulate the conductive surface toward redox labels in solution. In turn, the quaternized P2VP domains electrostatically attract negatively charged redox labels solubilized in the electrolyte solution, resulting in an effective electron transfer between the electrode and the redox label. This phenomenon is implemented for the selective deposition of the electroactive Prussian blue on the nanopatterned surface and for the electrochemical deposition of Au nanoparticles, modified with a monolayer of p-aminothiophenol/2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid, on the quaternized P2VP domains. The patterned Prussian blue-modified surface enables controlling the wettability properties by the content of the electrochemically deposited Prussian blue. Controlled wettability is unattainable with the homopolymer-modified surface, attesting to the role of the nanopattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilad Pelossof
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ran Tel-Vered
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roy Shenhar
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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37
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Du T, Schneider J, Srivastava AK, Susha AS, Chigrinov VG, Kwok HS, Rogach AL. Combination of Photoinduced Alignment and Self-Assembly to Realize Polarized Emission from Ordered Semiconductor Nanorods. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11049-11055. [PMID: 26468974 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional semiconductor nanorods are a very promising class of materials for applications in modern optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, displays, and lasers. Their ability to emit linearly polarized light is considered to simplify device structures and improve the overall efficiencies. To ensure macroscopic polarization in such devices, the biggest challenge is the long-range alignment of nanorods by controllable means. We propose a technique that combines photoinduced alignment with nanorod's self-assembly. With this approach, we are able to actively control the alignment directions of highly emissive semiconductor nanorods in both microscopic and macroscopic scale with the order parameter as high as 0.87. As a result, polarized emission has been achieved with the degree of polarization of 0.62. Furthermore, patterned alignment of nanorods with spatially varying local orientations has been realized to demonstrate the great flexibility of this approach. Besides opportunities for applications, our method of alignment offers insights into host-guest interactions governing self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals within the host molecular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong
| | - Julian Schneider
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Abhishek K Srivastava
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong
| | - Andrei S Susha
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Vladimir G Chigrinov
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong
| | - Hoi S Kwok
- State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies, Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Hong Kong
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
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38
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Bigall NC, Nandan B, Gowd EB, Horechyy A, Eychmüller A. High-Resolution Metal Nanopatterning by Means of Switchable Block Copolymer Templates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12559-12569. [PMID: 25619225 DOI: 10.1021/am507567q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, recent developments in the fabrication of hexagonal and parallel ordered arrays of metallic nanodomains on a substrate are described. We focus on the nanopatterning approach by means of switchable block copolymer thin films. This approach is highly advantageous, because it can lead to extremely regular patterns with metal subunits of only a few nanometers in diameter and center-to-center distances of tens of nanometers. Hence, the resulting 1D or 2D periodic arrays of metal nanodots and nanowires on silicon substrates can be fabricated with extremely high unit densities and on very large areas. The templated deposition of presynthesized metal nanoparticles on functional block copolymers is described in detail. Current challenges are discussed and an outlook for further developments is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja C Bigall
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bhanu Nandan
- ‡Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - E Bhoje Gowd
- §Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Andriy Horechyy
- ⊥Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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39
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Davidi I, Shenhar R. Synthesis of disk-shaped nanoparticle aggregates organized in hierarchical structures in block copolymer matrixes. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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41
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Lai F, Borca-Tasciuc T, Plawsky J. Controlling directed self-assembly of gold nanorods in patterned PS-b-PMMA thin films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:055301. [PMID: 25580876 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/5/055301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a facile strategy for the directed self-assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in patterned block copolymer (BCP) thin films. Parallel arrangement of AuNRs relative to the geometric confinement generated by selective removal of one block domain was achieved. Deposition of AuNRs with aspect ratios from 3.3 to 5.8 was accomplished and the alignment of the NRs within the channels was controlled primarily by capillary forces and the channel geometry. Ordered AuNR assembly in the BCP pattern can be achieved at high surface coverages, >30%, though the surface coverage depends on the aspect ratio of the NRs. Larger NRs align in the channels more readily, but pack at slightly lower densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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42
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Ku KH, Yang H, Shin JM, Kim BJ. Aspect ratio effect of nanorod surfactants on the shape and internal morphology of block copolymer particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Man Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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43
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Davidi I, Patra D, Hermida-Merino D, Portale G, Rotello VM, Raviv U, Shenhar R. Hierarchical Structures of Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)/Palladium–Pincer Surfactants: Effect of Weak Surfactant–Polymer Interactions on the Morphological Behavior. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Davidi
- The
Institute of Chemistry, the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Debabrata Patra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Uri Raviv
- The
Institute of Chemistry, the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roy Shenhar
- The
Institute of Chemistry, the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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44
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Halevi A, Halivni S, Oded M, Müller AHE, Banin U, Shenhar R. Co-Assembly of A–B Diblock Copolymers with B′-type Nanoparticles in Thin Films: Effect of Copolymer Composition and Nanoparticle Shape. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma402416g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Halevi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shira Halivni
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Meirav Oded
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roy Shenhar
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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45
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Kubo S, Taguchi R, Hadano S, Narita M, Watanabe O, Iyoda T, Nakagawa M. Surface-assisted unidirectional orientation of ZnO nanorods hybridized with nematic liquid crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:811-818. [PMID: 24299205 DOI: 10.1021/am404451z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic semiconductor nanorods are regarded as the primary components of optical and electrical nanoscale devices. In this paper, we demonstrate the unidirectional alignment of monolayered and dispersed ZnO nanorods on a rubbed polyimide alignment layer, which was achieved by a conventional liquid crystal alignment technique. The outermost surfaces of the ZnO nanorods (average diameter 7 nm; length 50 nm) were modified by polymerization initiator moieties, and nematic liquid crystalline (LC) methacrylate polymers were grown by atom transfer radical polymerization. By regulating the densities of the polymerization initiator moieties, we successfully hybridized LC-polymer-grafted ZnO nanorods and small nematic LC molecules. The LC-polymer-modified ZnO nanorods were hierarchically aligned on the substrate via cooperative molecular interactions among the liquid crystal mesogens, which induced molecular orientation on the rubbed polyimide alignment layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kubo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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46
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Zhang SY, Regulacio MD, Han MY. Self-assembly of colloidal one-dimensional nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2301-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60397k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Thorkelsson K, Nelson JH, Alivisatos AP, Xu T. End-to-end alignment of nanorods in thin films. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:4908-4913. [PMID: 24001327 DOI: 10.1021/nl402862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach to obtain end-to-end assemblies of nanorods over macroscopic distances in thin films is described. Nanorods with aspect ratio of 8-12 can be aligned parallel to the surface in an end-to-end fashion by imposing geometric confinement via block copolymer-based supramolecular assemblies. Successful control over the orientation and location of nanorods requires a balance of particle-particle interactions and entropy associated with geometric confinement from the supramolecular framework, as well as consideration of the kinetics of assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Thorkelsson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California, United States
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48
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Suárez-Suárez S, Carriedo GA, Presa Soto A. Gold-Decorated Chiral Macroporous Films by the Self-Assembly of Functionalised Block Copolymers. Chemistry 2013; 19:15933-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Liu Z, Huang H, He T. Block Copolymer Templated Assembly of Active Pd Nanocube Arrays. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1687-92. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 China
| | - Haiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 China
| | - Tianbai He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 China
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50
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Li W, Zhang P, Dai M, He J, Babu T, Xu YL, Deng R, Liang R, Lu MH, Nie Z, Zhu J. Ordering of Gold Nanorods in Confined Spaces by Directed Assembly. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400115z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Li
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ming Dai
- National Laboratory of Solid-State
Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Taarika Babu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ye-Long Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State
Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Renhua Deng
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State
Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory
of Large-Format
Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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