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Shin J, Kim JH, Lee J, Lee S, Park JH, Jeong SY, Jeong HJ, Han JT, Seo SH, Lee SK, Kim J. Ultra-Mild Fabrication of Highly Concentrated SWCNT Dispersion Using Spontaneous Charging in Solvated Electron System. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1094. [PMID: 38998699 PMCID: PMC11243719 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The efficient dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been the subject of extensive research over the past decade. Despite these efforts, achieving individually dispersed SWCNTs at high concentrations remains challenging. In this study, we address the limitations associated with conventional methods, such as defect formation, excessive surfactant use, and the use of corrosive solvents. Our novel dispersion method utilizes the spontaneous charging of SWCNTs in a solvated electron system created by dissolving potassium in hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA). The resulting charged SWCNTs (c-SWCNTs) can be directly dispersed in the charging medium using only magnetic stirring, leading to defect-free c-SWCNT dispersions with high concentrations of up to 20 mg/mL. The successful dispersion of individual c-SWCNT strands is confirmed by their liquid-crystalline behavior. Importantly, the dispersion medium for c-SWCNTs exhibits no reactivity with metals, polymers, or other organic solvents. This versatility enables a wide range of applications, including electrically conductive free-standing films produced via conventional blade coating, wet-spun fibers, membrane electrodes, thermal composites, and core-shell hybrid microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Shin
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Lee
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yol Jeong
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jeong
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hee Seo
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmo Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon 51543, Republic of Korea
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2
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Antimicrobial and Osseointegration Properties of Nanostructured Titanium Orthopaedic Implants. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111302. [PMID: 29137166 PMCID: PMC5706249 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface design of titanium implants influences not only the local biological reactions but also affects at least the clinical result in orthopaedic application. During the last decades, strong efforts have been made to improve osteointegration and prevent bacterial adhesion to these surfaces. Following the rule of “smaller, faster, cheaper”, nanotechnology has encountered clinical application. It is evident that the hierarchical implant surface micro- and nanotopography orchestrate the biological cascades of early peri-implant endosseous healing or implant loosening. This review of the literature gives a brief overview of nanostructured titanium-base biomaterials designed to improve osteointegration and prevent from bacterial infection.
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3
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Zhou Y, Azumi R. Carbon nanotube based transparent conductive films: progress, challenges, and perspectives. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2016; 17:493-516. [PMID: 27877899 PMCID: PMC5111561 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1214526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the manufacturing technology of low-cost, high-quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are leading to increased industrial applications for this remarkable material. One of the most promising applications, CNT based transparent conductive films (TCFs), are an alternative technology in future electronics to replace traditional TCFs, which use indium tin oxide. Despite significant price competition among various TCFs, CNT-based TCFs have good potential for use in emerging flexible, stretchable and wearable optoelectronics. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the fabrication, properties, stability and applications of CNT-based TCFs. The challenges of current CNT-based TCFs for industrial use, in comparison with other TCFs, are considered. We also discuss the potential of CNT-based TCFs, and give some possible strategies to reduce the production cost and improve their conductivity and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Photonics and Electronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Reiko Azumi
- Photonics and Electronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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4
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Petersen EJ, Flores-Cervantes DX, Bucheli TD, Elliott LCC, Fagan JA, Gogos A, Hanna S, Kägi R, Mansfield E, Montoro Bustos AR, Plata DL, Reipa V, Westerhoff P, Winchester MR. Quantification of Carbon Nanotubes in Environmental Matrices: Current Capabilities, Case Studies, and Future Prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4587-605. [PMID: 27050152 PMCID: PMC4943226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have numerous exciting potential applications and some that have reached commercialization. As such, quantitative measurements of CNTs in key environmental matrices (water, soil, sediment, and biological tissues) are needed to address concerns about their potential environmental and human health risks and to inform application development. However, standard methods for CNT quantification are not yet available. We systematically and critically review each component of the current methods for CNT quantification including CNT extraction approaches, potential biases, limits of detection, and potential for standardization. This review reveals that many of the techniques with the lowest detection limits require uncommon equipment or expertise, and thus, they are not frequently accessible. Additionally, changes to the CNTs (e.g., agglomeration) after environmental release and matrix effects can cause biases for many of the techniques, and biasing factors vary among the techniques. Five case studies are provided to illustrate how to use this information to inform responses to real-world scenarios such as monitoring potential CNT discharge into a river or ecotoxicity testing by a testing laboratory. Overall, substantial progress has been made in improving CNT quantification during the past ten years, but additional work is needed for standardization, development of extraction techniques from complex matrices, and multimethod comparisons of standard samples to reveal the comparability of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - D. Xanat Flores-Cervantes
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D. Bucheli
- Agroscope, Institute of Sustainability Sciences ISS, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lindsay C. C. Elliott
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Fagan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Institute of Sustainability Sciences ISS, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shannon Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ralf Kägi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Mansfield
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Antonio R. Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Desiree L. Plata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Arizona State University, Box 3005, Tempe, Arizona 85278-3005, United States
| | - Michael R. Winchester
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Mollahosseini M, Karunaratne E, Gibson GN, Gascón JA, Papadimitrakopoulos F. Fullerene-Assisted Photoinduced Charge Transfer of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through a Flavin Helix. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5904-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mollahosseini
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory (NOEL), Polymer Program,
Institute of Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Erandika Karunaratne
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory (NOEL), Polymer Program,
Institute of Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - George N. Gibson
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory (NOEL), Polymer Program,
Institute of Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jose A. Gascón
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory (NOEL), Polymer Program,
Institute of Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Fotios Papadimitrakopoulos
- Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory (NOEL), Polymer Program,
Institute of Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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6
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The Kinetics of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Aggregation in Aqueous Media Is Sensitive to Surface Charge. Mol Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/c2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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7
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Tsentalovich DE, Ma AWK, Lee JA, Behabtu N, Bengio EA, Choi A, Hao J, Luo Y, Headrick RJ, Green MJ, Talmon Y, Pasquali M. Relationship of Extensional Viscosity and Liquid Crystalline Transition to Length Distribution in Carbon Nanotube Solutions. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri E. Tsentalovich
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anson W. K. Ma
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - J. Alex Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Natnael Behabtu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - E. Amram Bengio
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - April Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Junli Hao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yimin Luo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert J. Headrick
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Micah J. Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science & NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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8
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Makama AB, Salmiaton A, Abdullah N, Choong TSY, Saion EB. Recent Developments in Purification of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.815628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Bengio EA, Tsentalovich DE, Behabtu N, Kleinerman O, Kesselman E, Schmidt J, Talmon Y, Pasquali M. Statistical length measurement method by direct imaging of carbon nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6139-6146. [PMID: 24773046 DOI: 10.1021/am500424u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) length on their macroscopic properties requires an accurate methodology for CNT length measurement. So far, existing techniques are limited to short (less than a few micrometers) CNTs and sample preparation methods that bias the measured values. Here, we show that the average length of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be measured by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid. The method consists of dissolving at low concentration CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (a true solvent), imaging the individual CNTs by cryo-TEM, and processing and analyzing the images to determine CNT length. By measuring the total CNT contour length and number of CNT ends in each image, and by applying statistical analysis, we extend the method to cases where each CNT is long enough to span many cryo-TEM images, making the direct length measurement of an entire CNT impractical. Hence, this new technique can be used effectively to estimate samples in a wide range of CNT lengths, although we find that cryo-TEM imaging may bias the measurement towards longer CNTs, which are easier to detect. Our statistical method is also applied to AFM images of CNTs to show that, by using only a few AFM images, it yields estimates that are consistent with literature techniques, based on individually measuring a higher number of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Amram Bengio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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10
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Lau YTR, Yamaguchi M, Li X, Bando Y, Golberg D, Winnik FM. Length fractionation of boron nitride nanotubes using creamed oil-in-water emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1735-1740. [PMID: 24512303 DOI: 10.1021/la404961p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fractionation by length of multiwalled boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) was achieved by emulsification and creaming of an oil/water/surfactant mixture. The length separation is based on the fact that nanoparticle-coated oil droplets polydisperse in size move toward the upper surface or the bottom of an emulsified mixture depending on the density of the droplets, such that droplets of different sizes are located at different heights. By sampling heightwise an unstable hexane/water/Tween 20/BNNT (1-20 μm long) emulsion, we observed that the lengths of the BNNTs adsorbed on the droplets display a strong correlation with the droplets sizes, thus leading to selective separation of the BNNT lengths, as confirmed by dark-field optical imaging and dynamic light scattering. This method may potentially be extended to other high aspect ratio nanomaterials exhibiting emulsification properties similar to those of BNNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Ting R Lau
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), and National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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11
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Parra-Vasquez ANG, Duque JG, Green MJ, Pasquali M. Assessment of length and bundle distribution of dilute single-walled carbon nanotubes by viscosity measurements. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Nicholas G. Parra-Vasquez
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos NM 87544
| | - Juan G. Duque
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos NM 87544
| | - Micah J. Green
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX 79409
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Dept. of Chemistry; Rice University; Houston TX 77005
- Dept. of Materials Science and NanoEngineering; Rice University; Houston TX 77005
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12
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Lee V, Hawa T. Investigation of the effect of bilayer membrane structures and fluctuation amplitudes on SANS/SAXS profile for short membrane wavelength. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:124905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4821816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Qiu X, Khripin CY, Ke F, Howell SC, Zheng M. Electrostatically driven interactions between hybrid DNA-carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:048301. [PMID: 23931412 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.048301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA is able to wrap around single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) and form stable DNA-CNT hybrids that are highly soluble in solution. Here we report quantitative measurements and analysis of the interactions between DNA-CNT hybrids at low salts. Condensation of DNA-CNT hybrids by neutral osmolytes leads to liquid crystalline phases, and varying the osmotic pressure modulates the interhybrid distance that is determined by x-ray diffraction. Thus obtained force-distance dependencies of DNA-CNT hybrids show a remarkable resemblance to that of double-stranded DNA with differences that can be largely accounted for by their different diameters. This establishes their common physical nature of electrostatically driven interactions. Quantitative modeling further reveals the roles of hydration in mediating the interhybrid forces within the last nanometer of surface separation. This study also suggests the utility of osmotic pressure to control DNA-CNT assemblies at subnanometer precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Qiu
- Department of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Miller
- Department of Physics and Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials; North Dakota State University; Fargo North Dakota 58108
| | - Erik K. Hobbie
- Department of Physics and Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials; North Dakota State University; Fargo North Dakota 58108
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15
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Fagan JA, Zheng M, Rastogi V, Simpson JR, Khripin CY, Silvera Batista CA, Hight Walker AR. Analyzing surfactant structures on length and chirality resolved (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes by analytical ultracentrifugation. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3373-87. [PMID: 23530719 DOI: 10.1021/nn4002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The structure and density of the bound interfacial surfactant layer and associated hydration shell were investigated using analytical ultracentrifugation for length and chirality purified (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in three different bile salt surfactant solutions. The differences in the chemical structures of the surfactants significantly affect the size and density of the bound surfactant layers. As probed by exchange of a common parent nanotube population into sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate, or sodium taurodeoxycholate solutions, the anhydrous density of the nanotubes was least for the sodium taurodeoxycholate surfactant, and the absolute sedimentation velocities greatest for the sodium cholate and sodium taurodeoxycholate surfactants. These results suggest that the thickest interfacial layer is formed by the deoxycholate, and that the taurodeoxycholate packs more densely than either sodium cholate or deoxycholate. These structural differences correlate well to an observed 25% increase in fluorescence intensity relative to the cholate surfactant for deoxycholate and taurodeoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs displaying equivalent absorbance spectra. Separate sedimentation velocity experiments including the density modifying agent iodixanol were used to establish the buoyant density of the (6,5) SWCNT in each of the bile salt surfactants; from the difference in the buoyant and anhydrous densities, the largest hydrated diameter is observed for sodium deoxycholate. Understanding the effects of dispersant choice and the methodology for measurement of the interfacial density and hydrated diameter is critical for rationally advancing separation strategies and applications of nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Fagan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Science and Engineering Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.
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16
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Wahlund KG. Flow field-flow fractionation: Critical overview. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1287:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Zydziak N, Yameen B, Barner-Kowollik C. Diels–Alder reactions for carbon material synthesis and surface functionalization. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Shuba MV, Paddubskaya AG, Kuzhir PP, Maksimenko SA, Ksenevich VK, Niaura G, Seliuta D, Kasalynas I, Valusis G. Soft cutting of single-wall carbon nanotubes by low temperature ultrasonication in a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:495714. [PMID: 23154484 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/49/495714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To decrease single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) lengths to a value of 100-200 nm, aggressive cutting methods, accompanied by a high loss of starting material, are frequently used. We propose a cutting approach based on low temperature intensive ultrasonication in a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. The method is nondestructive with a yield close to 100%. It was applied to cut nanotubes produced in three different ways: gas-phase catalysis, chemical vapor deposition, and electric-arc-discharge methods. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that the cut carbon nanotubes have a low extent of sidewall degradation and their electronic properties are close to those of the untreated tubes. It was proposed to use the spectral position of the far-infrared absorption peak as a simple criterion for the estimation of SWCNT length distribution in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Shuba
- Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarus State University, Minsk, Belarus.
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19
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Koh B, Kim G, Yoon HK, Park JB, Kopelman R, Cheng W. Fluorophore and dye-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11676-11686. [PMID: 22812904 DOI: 10.1021/la302004p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA short oligo, surfactant, peptides, and polymer-assisted dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) in aqueous solution have been intensively studied. It has been suggested that van der Waals interaction, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interaction are major factors that account for the SWCNTs dispersion. Fluorophore and dye molecules such as Rhodamine B and fluorescein have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. These molecules also contain π-conjugated systems that can potentially interact with SWCNTs to induce its dispersion. Through a systematic study, here we show that SWCNTs can be dispersed in aqueous solution in the presence of various fluorophore or dye molecules. However, the ability of a fluorophore or dye molecule to disperse SWCNTs is not correlated with the stability of the fluorophore/dye-SWCNT complex, suggesting that the on-rate of fluorophore/dye binding to SWCNTs may dominate the efficiency of this process. We also examined the uptake of fluorophore molecules by mammalian cells when these molecules formed complexes with SWCNTs. The results can have potential applications in the delivery of poor cell-penetrating fluorophore molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byumseok Koh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Bell NC, Minelli C, Tompkins J, Stevens MM, Shard AG. Emerging techniques for submicrometer particle sizing applied to Stöber silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10860-10872. [PMID: 22724385 DOI: 10.1021/la301351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The accurate characterization of submicrometer and nanometer sized particles presents a major challenge in the diverse applications envisaged for them including cosmetics, biosensors, renewable energy, and electronics. Size is one of the principal parameters for classifying particles and understanding their behavior, with other particle characteristics usually only quantifiable when size is accounted for. We present a comparative study of emerging and established techniques to size submicrometer particles, evaluating their sizing precision and relative resolution, and demonstrating the variety of physical principles upon which they are based, with the aim of developing a framework in which they can be compared. We used in-house synthesized Stöber silica particles between 100 and 400 nm in diameter as reference materials for this study. The emerging techniques of scanning ion occlusion sensing (SIOS), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were compared to the established techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning mobility particle sizing (SMPS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The size distributions were described using the mode, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation. Uncertainties associated with the six techniques were evaluated, including the statistical uncertainties in the mean sizes measured by the single-particle counting techniques. Q-Q plots were used to analyze the shapes of the size distributions. Through the use of complementary techniques for particle sizing, a more complete characterization of the particles was achieved, with additional information on their density and porosity attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia C Bell
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Nanocarriers as Nanomedicines. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Petersen EJ, Zhang L, Mattison NT, O'Carroll DM, Whelton AJ, Uddin N, Nguyen T, Huang Q, Henry TB, Holbrook RD, Chen KL. Potential release pathways, environmental fate, and ecological risks of carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:9837-9856. [PMID: 21988187 DOI: 10.1021/es201579y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are currently incorporated into various consumer products, and numerous new applications and products containing CNTs are expected in the future. The potential for negative effects caused by CNT release into the environment is a prominent concern and numerous research projects have investigated possible environmental release pathways, fate, and toxicity. However, this expanding body of literature has not yet been systematically reviewed. Our objective is to critically review this literature to identify emerging trends as well as persistent knowledge gaps on these topics. Specifically, we examine the release of CNTs from polymeric products, removal in wastewater treatment systems, transport through surface and subsurface media, aggregation behaviors, interactions with soil and sediment particles, potential transformations and degradation, and their potential ecotoxicity in soil, sediment, and aquatic ecosystems. One major limitation in the current literature is quantifying CNT masses in relevant media (polymers, tissues, soils, and sediments). Important new directions include developing mechanistic models for CNT release from composites and understanding CNT transport in more complex and environmentally realistic systems such as heteroaggregation with natural colloids and transport of nanoparticles in a range of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.
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Zamora-Ledezma C, Blanc C, Puech N, Maugey M, Zakri C, Anglaret E, Poulin P. Conductivity anisotropy of assembled and oriented carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:062701. [PMID: 22304136 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.062701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An assembly of packed and oriented rodlike particles exhibit anisotropic physical properties. We investigate in the present work the anisotropic conductivity of films made of intrinsically conducting rods. These films are obtained from more or less ordered carbon nanotube liquid crystals. Their orientational order parameter is measured by polarized Raman spectroscopy. A relationship between the anisotropy of surface conductivity and orientational order parameter is determined. The experimental results are accounted for by a model that takes into account the number of intertube contacts and density of conductive pathways in different directions, as introduced by J. Fischer et al. for magnetically aligned nanotubes. We find that a good agreement, without any fitting parameter, of the proposed model and experiments is obtained when we consider a two-dimensional (2D) Gaussian distribution of the nanotube orientation. The conductivities parallel and perpendicular to the nematic director differ by almost an order of magnitude. This anisotropy is much greater than that of conventional dielectric liquid crystals, where the behavior is governed by the mobility anisotropy of ionic current carriers. The present results do not depend on the intrinsic properties of the nanotubes and are expected to be relevant for other assemblies of conducting rodlike particles, such as metallic or semi-conducting nanowires and ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France
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Bottini M, Rosato N, Bottini N. PEG-Modified Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedicine: Current Status and Challenges Ahead. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3381-93. [PMID: 21916410 DOI: 10.1021/bm201020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bottini
- Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Experimental Medicine
and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine
and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS-Neuromed Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla,
California 92037, United States
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Holt BD, Dahl KN, Islam MF. Quantification of uptake and localization of bovine serum albumin-stabilized single-wall carbon nanotubes in different human cell types. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2348-55. [PMID: 21626688 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess many unique, inherent properties that make them attractive materials for application in medical and biological technologies. Development of concentrated SWCNT dispersions of isolated nanotubes that retain SWCNTs' inherent properties with minimal negative cellular effects is essential to fully realize the potential of SWCNTs in biotechnology. It is shown that bovine serum albumin (BSA), a common and well-characterized model blood serum protein, can individually disperse SWCNTs at concentrations of up to 0.3 mg mL(-1) while retaining SWCNTs' optical properties. Uptake into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and HeLa cells is quantified, revealing strikingly high concentrations of 86 ± 33 × 10(6) and 21 ± 13 × 10(6) SWCNTs per cell, respectively, without any apparent acute deleterious cellular effects. Through high-resolution confocal Raman spectroscopy and imaging, it is established that SWCNT-BSAs are preferentially localized intracellularly, especially in the cytoplasm of both hMSCs and HeLa cells. The uptake and localization results demonstrate the efficacy of BSA as a biocompatible dispersant and a mediator of bioactivity. BSA is widely available and inexpensive, which make these concentrated, highly-dispersed, noncovalently modified SWCNT-BSAs suitable for the development of SWCNT-based biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Holt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA
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Backes C, Bosch S, Mundloch U, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation on Carbon Nanotubes According to Structural Integrity as a Foundation for an Absolute Purity Evaluation. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2576-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Fagan JA, Huh JY, Simpson JR, Blackburn JL, Holt JM, Larsen BA, Walker ARH. Separation of empty and water-filled single-wall carbon nanotubes. ACS NANO 2011; 5:3943-53. [PMID: 21480636 DOI: 10.1021/nn200458t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The separation of empty and water-filled laser ablation and electric arc synthesized nanotubes is reported. Centrifugation of these large-diameter nanotubes dispersed with sodium deoxycholate using specific conditions produces isolated bands of empty and water-filled nanotubes without significant diameter selection. This separation is shown to be consistent across multiple nanotube populations dispersed from different source soots. Detailed spectroscopic characterization of the resulting empty and filled fractions reveals that water filling leads to systematic changes to the optical and vibrational properties. Furthermore, sequential separation of the resolved fractions using cosurfactants and density gradient ultracentrifugation reveals that water filling strongly influences the optimal conditions for metallic and semiconducting separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Fagan
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.
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28
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Fagan JA, et al. EA. ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotubes: Measuring Dispersion and Length. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.201115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Schnorr JM, Swager TM. Wiring-up catalytically active metals in solution with sulfonated carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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