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Jover Ó, Martín-Jiménez A, Franklin HM, Koenig RM, Martínez JI, Martín N, Lauwaet K, Miranda R, Gallego JM, Stevenson S, Otero R. Nanotube-Like Electronic States in [5,5]-C 90 Fullertube Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307611. [PMID: 37863821 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Fullertubes, that is, fullerenes consisting of a carbon nanotube moiety capped by hemifullerene ends, are emerging carbon nanomaterials whose properties show both fullerene and carbon nanotube (CNT) traits. Albeit it may be expected that their electronic states show a certain resemblance to those of the extended nanotube, such a correlation has not yet been found or described. Here it shows a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) characterization of the adsorption, self-assembly, and electronic structure of 2D arrays of [5,5]-C90 fullertube molecules on two different noble metal surfaces, Ag(111) and Au(111). The results demonstrate that the shape of the molecular orbitals of the adsorbed fullertubes corresponds closely to those expected for isolated species on the grounds of density functional theory calculations. Moreover, a comparison between the electronic density profiles in the bands of the extended [5,5]-CNT and in the molecules reveals that some of the frontier orbitals of the fullertube molecules can be described as the result of the quantum confinement imposed by the hemifullerene caps to the delocalized band states in the extended CNT. The results thus provide a conceptual framework for the rational design of custom fullertube molecules and can potentially become a cornerstone in the understanding of these new carbon nanoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Jover
- Dep. De Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Hannah M Franklin
- Dep. Of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Ryan M Koenig
- Dep. Of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - José I Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMM), CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Dep. De Química OrgánicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Dep. De Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales (ICMM), CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Steven Stevenson
- Dep. Of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA
| | - Roberto Otero
- Dep. De Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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2
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Kasireddy N, Orie JC, Khismatullin DB. Drop-of-sample rheometry of biological fluids by noncontact acoustic tweezing spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3067-3079. [PMID: 35851909 PMCID: PMC10661770 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of rheological properties, such as viscosity and elasticity, is necessary for efficient material processing and transportation as well as biological analysis. Existing rheometers operate with large sample volume and induce sample contact with container or device walls, which are inadequate for rheological analysis of sensitive fluids limited in availability. In this work, we introduce acoustic tweezing spectroscopy (ATS), a novel noncontact rheological technique that operates with a single 4-6 μl drop of fluid sample. In ATS, a sample drop is acoustically levitated and then exposed to a modulated acoustic signal to induce its forced oscillation. The time-dependent sample viscosity and elasticity are measured from the resulting drop response. The ATS measurements of polymeric solutions (dextran, xanthan gum, gelatin) agree well with previously reported data. The ATS predicts that the shear viscosity of blood plasma increases from 1.5 cP at 1.5 min of coagulation onset to 3.35 cP at 9 min, while its shear elastic modulus grows from a negligible value to 10.7 Pa between 3.5 min and 6.5 min. Coagulation increases whole blood viscosity from 5.4 cP to 20.7 cP and elasticity from 0.1 Pa to 19.2 Pa at 15 min. In summary, ATS provides the opportunity for sensitive small-volume rheological analysis in biomedical research and medical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Kasireddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
| | - Jeremy C Orie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
| | - Damir B Khismatullin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
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3
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Chen M, Aluunmani R, Bolognesi G, Vladisavljević GT. Facile Microfluidic Fabrication of Biocompatible Hydrogel Microspheres in a Novel Microfluidic Device. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134013. [PMID: 35807255 PMCID: PMC9268728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) microgels with tuneable size and porosity find applications as extracellular matrix mimics for tissue-engineering scaffolds, biosensors, and drug carriers. Monodispersed PEGDA microgels were produced by modular droplet microfluidics using the dispersed phase with 49–99 wt% PEGDA, 1 wt% Darocur 2959, and 0–50 wt% water, while the continuous phase was 3.5 wt% silicone-based surfactant dissolved in silicone oil. Pure PEGDA droplets were fully cured within 60 s at the UV light intensity of 75 mW/cm2. The droplets with higher water content required more time for curing. Due to oxygen inhibition, the polymerisation started in the droplet centre and advanced towards the edge, leading to a temporary solid core/liquid shell morphology, confirmed by tracking the Brownian motion of fluorescent latex nanoparticles within a droplet. A volumetric shrinkage during polymerisation was 1–4% for pure PEGDA droplets and 20–32% for the droplets containing 10–40 wt% water. The particle volume increased by 36–50% after swelling in deionised water. The surface smoothness and sphericity of the particles decreased with increasing water content in the dispersed phase. The porosity of swollen particles was controlled from 29.7% to 41.6% by changing the water content in the dispersed phase from 10 wt% to 40 wt%.
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Venugopalan PL, Ghosh A. Investigating the Dynamics of the Magnetic Micromotors in Human Blood. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:289-296. [PMID: 33351633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of micromotors has been growing exponentially with increased emphasis on biomedical applications, with various in vivo demonstrations of targeted drug delivery, biosensing, and gene delivery, among others. In parallel, these micromotors have been recently used for probing the rheological properties of both intra- and extracellular environments. Here, we demonstrate the application of magnetic micromotors for investigation of rheological properties of human blood. While there are several techniques to sense mechanical properties of blood, such as deformability of the red blood cells, this is the first experimental observation of using micromotors for these biophysical investigations. We hope that this will lead to a better understanding of the nature of interactions of micromotors with biological systems and expand the scope of micromotors for probing other related systems, such as interstitial fluids and other complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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5
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Chen Y, Narayan S, Dutcher CS. Phase-Dependent Surfactant Transport on the Microscale: Interfacial Tension and Droplet Coalescence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14904-14923. [PMID: 33269588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid emulsion systems are usually stabilized by additives, known as surfactants, which can be observed in various environments and applications such as oily bilgewater, water-entrained diesel fuel, oil production, food processing, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. One important factor that stabilizes emulsions is the lowered interfacial tension (IFT) between the fluid phases due to surfactants, inhibiting the coalescence. Many studies have investigated the surfactant transport behavior that leads to corresponding time-dependent lowering of the IFT. For example, the rate of IFT decay depends on the phase in which the surfactant is added (dispersed vs continuous) due in part to differences in the near-surface depletion depth. Other key factors, such as the viscosity ratio between the dispersed and continuous phases and Marangoni stress, will also have an impact on surfactant transport and therefore the coalescence and emulsion stability. In this feature article, the measurement techniques for dynamic IFT are first reviewed due to their importance in characterizing surfactant transport, with a specific focus on macroscale versus microscale techniques. Next, equilibrium isotherm models as well as dynamic diffusion and kinetic equations are discussed to characterize the surfactant and the time scale of the surfactant transport. Furthermore, recent studies are highlighted showing the different IFT decay rates and its long-time equilibrium value depending on the phase into which the surfactant is added, particularly on the microscale. Finally, recent experiments using a hydrodynamic Stokes trap to investigate the impact of interfacial surfactant transport, or "mobility", and the phase containing the surfactant on film drainage and droplet coalescence will be presented.
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6
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The Importance of Interfacial Tension in Emulsification: Connecting Scaling Relations Used in Large Scale Preparation with Microfluidic Measurement Methods. CHEMENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering4040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper starts with short descriptions of emulsion preparation methods used at large and smaller scales. We give scaling relations as they are generally used, and focus on the central role that interfacial tension plays in these relations. The actual values of the interfacial tension are far from certain given the dynamic behavior of surface-active components, and the lack of measurement methods that can be applied to conditions as they occur during large-scale preparation. Microfluidic techniques are expected to be very instrumental in closing this gap. Reduction of interfacial tension resulting from emulsifier adsorption at the oil-water interface is a complex process that consists of various steps. We discuss them here, and present methods used to probe them. Specifically, methods based on microfluidic tools are of great interest to study short droplet formation times, and also coalescence behavior of droplets. We present the newest insights in this field, which are expected to bring interfacial tension observations to a level that is of direct relevance for the large-scale preparation of emulsions, and that of other multi-phase products.
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Cui Y, Li Y, Wang K, Deng J, Luo G. Determination of Dynamic Interfacial Tension during the Generation of Tiny Droplets in the Liquid-Liquid Jetting Flow Regime. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13633-13641. [PMID: 33147955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid dispersion coupled with droplet formation and mass transfer of surfactants is one of the most typical phenomena in many chemical processes. As in every aspect of this process, the interfacial tension variation caused by the unsaturated adsorption of surfactants on the droplet surface plays an important role. This article focuses on microdroplet formation and the dynamic interfacial behavior of surfactants in the jetting regime. In a capillary embedded step T-junction device, controllable preparation of monodisperse droplets is achieved, and a correlation for predicting droplet sizes is established. A method for measuring the dynamic interfacial tension is provided. Mass transfer coefficients are then calculated for Tween 20 during the droplet formation process by a semiempirical correlation. The results indicate that dynamic interfacial tensions are lower than those obtained when the surfactant is adsorbed to equilibrium. Based on the tip-streaming phenomenon, mass transfer coefficients for Tween 20 can reach up to ∼10-3 m/s, higher than those obtained in coaxial microfluidic devices. All the preliminary results shed light on the nature of droplet formation and will be of significance for application in industrial apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Wang B, Zhou H, Yu X, Jing S, Zheng Q, Lan W, Li S. Determination of dynamic interfacial tension in a pulsed column under mass transfer condition. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Han Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Xiong Yu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Shan Jing
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Wenjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil ProcessingChina University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing China
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9
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Song J, Babayekhorasani F, Spicer PT. Soft Bacterial Cellulose Microcapsules with Adaptable Shapes. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4437-4446. [PMID: 31661248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsules with controlled stability and permeability are in high demand for applications in separation and encapsulation. We have developed a biointerfacial process to fabricate strong, but flexible, porous microcapsules from bacterial cellulose at an oil-water emulsion interface. A broad range of microcapsule sizes has been successfully produced, from 100 μm to 5 cm in diameter. The three-dimensional capsule microstructure was imaged using confocal microscopy, showing a cellulose membrane thickness of around 30 μm that is highly porous, with some pores larger than 0.5 μm that are permeable to most macromolecules by free diffusion but can exclude larger structures like bacteria. The mechanical deformation of cellulose microcapsules reveals their flexibility, enabling them to pass through constrictions with a much smaller diameter than their initial size by bending and folding. Our work provides a new approach for producing soft, permeable, and biocompatible microcapsules for substance encapsulation and protection. The capsules may offer a replacement for suspended polymer beads in commercial applications and could potentially act as a framework for artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Australia , Sydney NSW 2052 , Australia
| | | | - Patrick T Spicer
- School of Chemical Engineering , UNSW Australia , Sydney NSW 2052 , Australia
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10
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Ge J, Wang X, Drack M, Volkov O, Liang M, Cañón Bermúdez GS, Illing R, Wang C, Zhou S, Fassbender J, Kaltenbrunner M, Makarov D. A bimodal soft electronic skin for tactile and touchless interaction in real time. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4405. [PMID: 31562319 PMCID: PMC6764954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of smart electronics, human friendly robotics and supplemented or virtual reality demands electronic skins with both tactile and touchless perceptions for the manipulation of real and virtual objects. Here, we realize bifunctional electronic skins equipped with a compliant magnetic microelectromechanical system able to transduce both tactile—via mechanical pressure—and touchless—via magnetic fields—stimulations simultaneously. The magnetic microelectromechanical system separates electric signals from tactile and touchless interactions into two different regions, allowing the electronic skins to unambiguously distinguish the two modes in real time. Besides, its inherent magnetic specificity overcomes the interference from non-relevant objects and enables signal-programmable interactions. Ultimately, the magnetic microelectromechanical system enables complex interplay with physical objects enhanced with virtual content data in augmented reality, robotics, and medical applications. To realize electronic skins for emerging technologies that require multifunctional sensing capability, intelligent design strategies are needed. Here, the authors report electronic skins with a single sensory unit that simultaneously transduces both tactile and touchless stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Xu Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Drack
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Oleksii Volkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mo Liang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gilbert Santiago Cañón Bermúdez
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rico Illing
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Changan Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Soft Materials Lab, Linz Institute of Technology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria. .,Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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11
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High viscosity polymeric fluid droplet formation in a flow focusing microfluidic device – Experimental and numerical study. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Park JY, Choi SB, Lee JS. Rheological behavior of bimodal distribution emulsions on flow adoptability. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014109. [PMID: 30867879 PMCID: PMC6404935 DOI: 10.1063/1.5083858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzed colloidal characteristics of a bimodal distribution emulsion system using bulk rheological and numerical approaches. The experiment measured simple shear to confirm emulsion shear thinning and viscosity tendencies. Numerical models employed the multi-component lattice Boltzmann method to express interfacial tension, surfactant movement, and viscosity of liquid phases. Numerical models were helpful to implement interactions between two or more varied-sized liquid droplets, since they express droplet deformation and interaction forces and can also provide rheological analysis, whereas shear flow experiments cannot. In monodisperse systems (i.e., uniform droplet size), larger droplets decrease emulsion relative viscosity. However, mixture viscosity for bimodal systems (small droplets mixed with large droplets) was lower than that for the monodisperse system. The reduced viscosity was related to increased droplet deformability and decreased shear stress at the droplet surface.
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13
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Rajender N, Suresh KI, Sreedhar B. Comb-like polymer-graphene nanocomposites with improved adhesion properties via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nutenki Rajender
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Kattimuttathu I. Suresh
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
| | - Bojja Sreedhar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500 007 India
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14
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Muijlwijk K, Colijn I, Harsono H, Krebs T, Berton-Carabin C, Schroën K. Coalescence of protein-stabilised emulsions studied with microfluidics. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Kadivar E, Alizadeh A. Numerical simulation and scaling of droplet deformation in a hyperbolic flow. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:31. [PMID: 28324241 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by a recent experiment (C. Ulloa et al., Phys. Rev. E 89, 033004 (2014)), droplet deformation in a flat microfluidic channel having a cross intersection with two inlet channels and two outlet channels, i.e. hyperbolic flow, is numerically investigated. Employing the boundary element method (BEM), we numerically solve the Darcy equation in the two dimensions and investigate droplet motion and droplet deformation as the droplet enters the cross intersection. We numerically find that the maximum deformation of droplet depends on droplet size, capillary number, viscosity ratio and flow rate ratio of the two inlets. Our numerical scaling is in good agreement with the experimental scaling report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Kadivar
- Department of Physics, Shiraz University of Technology, 71555-313, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Alizadeh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, 75168, Bushehr, Iran
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16
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Yang L, Liu G, Luo S, Wang K, Luo G. Investigation of dynamic surface tension in gas–liquid absorption using a microflow interfacial tensiometer. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00191b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic surface tension in gas–liquid absorption is studied using a microflow device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guotao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Shicong Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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17
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Wang K, Zhang L, Zhang W, Luo G. Mass-Transfer-Controlled Dynamic Interfacial Tension in Microfluidic Emulsification Processes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3174-3185. [PMID: 26978599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Varied interfacial tension caused by the unsaturated adsorption of surfactants on dripping droplet surfaces is experimentally studied. The mass transfer and adsorption of surfactants, as well as the generation of fresh interfaces, are considered the main factors dominating the surfactant adsorption ratio on droplet surfaces. The diffusion and convective mass transfer of the surfactants are first distinguished by comparing the adsorption depth and the mass flux boundary layer thickness. A characterized mass transfer time is then calculated by introducing an effective diffusion coefficient. A time ratio is furthermore defined by dividing the droplet generation time by the characteristic mass transfer time, t/tm, in order to compare the rates of surfactant mass transfer and droplet generation. Different control mechanisms for different surfactants are analyzed based on the range of t/t(m), and a criterion time ratio using a simplified characteristic mass transfer time, t(m)*, is finally proposed for predicting the appearance of dynamic interfacial tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Kim J, Lee H, Shin S. Advances in the measurement of red blood cell deformability: A brief review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/jcb-15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Gruner P, Riechers B, Chacòn Orellana LA, Brosseau Q, Maes F, Beneyton T, Pekin D, Baret JC. Stabilisers for water-in-fluorinated-oil dispersions: Key properties for microfluidic applications. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Abstract
A new local film heating system (LFHS) can precisely control the local mold wall temperature in the nanoinjection molding process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Oh
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul
- Korea
| | - Young Seok Song
- Polymer System Division
- Fiber System Engineering
- Dankook University
- Suji-Gu
- Korea
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21
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Wang J, Li X, Wang X, Guan J. Possible oriented transition of multiple-emulsion globules with asymmetric internal structures in a microfluidic constriction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:052302. [PMID: 25353795 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.052302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When a globule with a complete symmetry (such as simple spherical droplets and concentric double emulsions) is transiting in a constriction tube, there is only one pattern of the transition. However, for a multiple-emulsion globule with asymmetric internal structures, there are many possible patterns with different pressure drops Δp due to various initial orientations of the inner droplets. In this paper, a boundary integral method developed recently is employed to investigate numerically the possible oriented transition of a globule with two unequal inner droplets in an axisymmetric microfluidic constriction. The transition is driven by an axisymmetric Poiseuille flow with a fixed volume flow rate, and the rheological behaviors of the globule are observed carefully. When the big inner droplet is initially located in the front of the globule, the maximum pressure drop during the transition is always lower than that when it is initially placed in the rear. Thus, a tropism-whereby a globule more easily gets through the constriction when its bigger inner droplet locates in its front initially-might exist, in which the orientating stimulus is the required pressure drops. The physical explanation of this phenomenon has also been analyzed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoduan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guan
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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22
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Kwan JM, Guo Q, Kyluik-Price DL, Ma H, Scott MD. Microfluidic analysis of cellular deformability of normal and oxidatively damaged red blood cells. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:682-9. [PMID: 23674388 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic analysis of blood has potential clinical value for determining normal and abnormal erythrocyte deformability. To determine if a microfluidic device could reliably measure intra- and inter-personal variations of normal and oxidized human red blood cell (RBC), venous blood samples were collected from repeat donors over time. RBC deformability was defined by the cortical tension (pN/µm), as determined from the threshold pressure required to deform RBC through 2-2.5 μm funnel-shaped constrictions. Oxidized RBC were prepared by treatment with phenazine methosulphate (PMS; 50 µM). Analysis of the control and oxidized RBC demonstrated that the microfluidic device could clearly differentiate between normal and mildly oxidized (20.13 ± 1.47 versus 27.51 ± 3.64 pN/µm) RBC. In vivo murine studies further established that the PMS-mediated loss of deformability correlated with premature clearance. Deformability variation within an individual over three independent samplings (over 21 days) demonstrated minimal changes in the mean pN/µm. Moreover, inter-individual variation in mean control RBC deformability was similarly small (range: 19.37-21.40 pN/µm). In contrast, PMS-oxidized cells demonstrated a greater inter-individual range (range: 25.97-29.90 pN/µm) reflecting the differential oxidant sensitivity of an individual's RBC. Importantly, similar deformability profiles (mean and distribution width; 20.49 ± 1.67 pN/µm) were obtained from whole blood via finger prick sampling. These studies demonstrated that a low cost microfluidic device could be used to reproducibly discriminate between normal and oxidized RBC. Advanced microfluidic devices could be of clinical value in analyzing populations for hemoglobinopathies or in evaluating donor RBC products post-storage to assess transfusion suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quan Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada
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Tao J, Song X, Liu J, Wang J. Microfluidic rheology of the multiple-emulsion globule transiting in a contraction tube through a boundary element method. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Surfactants are an essential part of the droplet-based microfluidic technology. They are involved in the stabilization of droplet interfaces, in the biocompatibility of the system and in the process of molecular exchange between droplets. The recent progress in the applications of droplet-based microfluidics has been made possible by the development of new molecules and their characterizations. In this review, the role of the surfactant in droplet-based microfluidics is discussed with an emphasis on the new molecules developed specifically to overcome the limitations of 'standard' surfactants. Emulsion properties and interfacial rheology of surfactant-laden layers strongly determine the overall capabilities of the technology. Dynamic properties of droplets, interfaces and emulsions are therefore very important to be characterized, understood and controlled. In this respect, microfluidic systems themselves appear to be very powerful tools for the study of surfactant dynamics at the time- and length-scale relevant to the corresponding microfluidic applications. More generally, microfluidic systems are becoming a new type of experimental platform for the study of the dynamics of interfaces in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Baret
- Droplets, Membranes and Interfaces, MPI for Dynamics and Self-organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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25
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Pompano RR, Platt CE, Karymov MA, Ismagilov RF. Control of initiation, rate, and routing of spontaneous capillary-driven flow of liquid droplets through microfluidic channels on SlipChip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1931-41. [PMID: 22233156 PMCID: PMC3271727 DOI: 10.1021/la204399m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This Article describes the use of capillary pressure to initiate and control the rate of spontaneous liquid-liquid flow through microfluidic channels. In contrast to flow driven by external pressure, flow driven by capillary pressure is dominated by interfacial phenomena and is exquisitely sensitive to the chemical composition and geometry of the fluids and channels. A stepwise change in capillary force was initiated on a hydrophobic SlipChip by slipping a shallow channel containing an aqueous droplet into contact with a slightly deeper channel filled with immiscible oil. This action induced spontaneous flow of the droplet into the deeper channel. A model predicting the rate of spontaneous flow was developed on the basis of the balance of net capillary force with viscous flow resistance, using as inputs the liquid-liquid surface tension, the advancing and receding contact angles at the three-phase aqueous-oil-surface contact line, and the geometry of the devices. The impact of contact angle hysteresis, the presence or absence of a lubricating oil layer, and adsorption of surface-active compounds at liquid-liquid or liquid-solid interfaces were quantified. Two regimes of flow spanning a 10(4)-fold range of flow rates were obtained and modeled quantitatively, with faster (mm/s) flow obtained when oil could escape through connected channels as it was displaced by flowing aqueous solution, and slower (micrometer/s) flow obtained when oil escape was mostly restricted to a micrometer-scale gap between the plates of the SlipChip ("dead-end flow"). Rupture of the lubricating oil layer (reminiscent of a Cassie-Wenzel transition) was proposed as a cause of discrepancy between the model and the experiment. Both dilute salt solutions and complex biological solutions such as human blood plasma could be flowed using this approach. We anticipate that flow driven by capillary pressure will be useful for the design and operation of flow in microfluidic applications that do not require external power, valves, or pumps, including on SlipChip and other droplet- or plug-based microfluidic devices. In addition, this approach may be used as a sensitive method of evaluating interfacial tension, contact angles, and wetting phenomena on chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Oh HJ, Park JH, Lee SJ, Kim BI, Song YS, Youn JR. Sustainable fabrication of micro-structured lab-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3999-4005. [PMID: 21918762 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated a robust platform that can not only sustainably fabricate a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device using microinjection molding but also elucidate the filling process of microstructures based on the multiscale analysis. In addition, a novel dimensionless number, i.e., the filling number μ(f) which can provide an insight into the underlying filling mechanism for micropillars, has been proposed based on the understanding of the characteristics of polymeric flow and cavity dimension. This study suggests a solid experimental and numerical tool for the production of microfluidic devices with the use of a micromolding technique, which is expected to help materialize the commercialization of the LOC devices in a more sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Oh
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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