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Zhao YY, Li Y, Cao Y, Mehl GH, Liu F, Ungar G. The Effect of Mesogenic Coronas on the Type and Anisotropy of Gold Nanoparticle Superlattices: When Can the Tail Wag the Dog? Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203673. [PMID: 36573704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between the size of nanoparticles, the structure and shape of mesogenic ligands and the ensuing assembly behaviour is not really understood. Closer inspection shows very surprising features. Here, 2- and 4-nm gold nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized, and grafted with a forked ligand containing two rod-like mesogens in its branches: one cholesterol, the other with azobenzene. The 4-nm NPs also contained n-hexylthiol as co-ligand. They were found to form a FCC cubic superlattice, whereas the 2-nm NPs form hexagonal HCP with weak birefringence, hence with partially oriented ligands. The structures were compared with those of related systems containing a range of different azobenzene-to-cholesterol ratios, all giving body-centred tetragonal superlattices with various degrees of anisotropy. Geometric analysis is presented in terms of the asphericity of the NPs' surroundings, requirement for space-filling and structural anisotropy. Some general rules are derived to help design the soft corona around the NPs in order to obtain superlattices with the desired structure and anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Zhao
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi An Shi, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi An Shi, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Georg H Mehl
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi An Shi, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi An Shi, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Goran Ungar
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi An Shi, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
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2
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Zhang X, Xu Y, Valenzuela C, Zhang X, Wang L, Feng W, Li Q. Liquid crystal-templated chiral nanomaterials: from chiral plasmonics to circularly polarized luminescence. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:223. [PMID: 35835737 PMCID: PMC9283403 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral nanomaterials with intrinsic chirality or spatial asymmetry at the nanoscale are currently in the limelight of both fundamental research and diverse important technological applications due to their unprecedented physicochemical characteristics such as intense light-matter interactions, enhanced circular dichroism, and strong circularly polarized luminescence. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art advances in liquid crystal-templated chiral nanomaterials. The chiroptical properties of chiral nanomaterials are touched, and their fundamental design principles and bottom-up synthesis strategies are discussed. Different chiral functional nanomaterials based on liquid-crystalline soft templates, including chiral plasmonic nanomaterials and chiral luminescent nanomaterials, are systematically introduced, and their underlying mechanisms, properties, and potential applications are emphasized. This review concludes with a perspective on the emerging applications, challenges, and future opportunities of such fascinating chiral nanomaterials. This review can not only deepen our understanding of the fundamentals of soft-matter chirality, but also shine light on the development of advanced chiral functional nanomaterials toward their versatile applications in optics, biology, catalysis, electronics, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China.
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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3
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Zhao YY, Cao Y, Siligardi G, Mehl GH, Liu F, Ungar G. Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into an adjustable plasmonic 3D lattice using Janus-type forked mesogenic ligands. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200057. [PMID: 35192226 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation of a 3D body-centred self-assembled superlattice of gold nanoparticles whose interparticle gap, and hence its plasmonic properties, are adjustable exclusively in the xy -plane. Thus, even though the particles are spherical, their anisotropic packing generates tailorable plasmonic dichroism. The gold nanoparticles are coated with forked ligands containing two mesogens: either two cholesterols ("twin"), one cholesterol and one azobenzene ("Janus"), or a mixture of the two. Beside the body-centered arrangement of gold nanoparticles, the structure also contains unusual two-dimensionally modulated smectic-like layers of mesogens in an egg-box geometry. Moreover, the presence of azobenzene mesogens allows the superlattice to be melted through UV-induced photo-isomerization; the process is reversible displaying low fatigue on repeated cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Zhao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, West Xianning Road, 710049, Xi'an, CHINA
| | - Yu Cao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, CHINA
| | | | - Georg H Mehl
- University of Hull, Department of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Feng Liu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, CHINA
| | - Goran Ungar
- University of Sheffield, Materials Science and Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UNITED KINGDOM
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4
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Bhardwaj A, Sridurai V, Meleth Puthoor N, Nair GG. Enhanced Mie resonance in a low refractive index colloidal metamaterial aided by nematic liquid crystal. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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5
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1,10-Phenanthroline-based hexacatenar LCs with complex self-assembly, photophysical and binding selectivity behaviors. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Bhat SA, Rao DSS, Prasad SK, Yelamaggad CV. Chiral plasmonic liquid crystal gold nanoparticles: self-assembly into a circular dichroism responsive helical lamellar superstructure. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2269-2279. [PMID: 36133755 PMCID: PMC9419753 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their proven and promising potential in various technological endeavors ranging from catalysis and sensing to invisibility cloaks made from metamaterials, chiral plasmonic superstructures resulting from the directed self-assembly of optically active metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been pursued intensively in recent years. Several strategic efforts have emerged especially to accomplish advanced nanomaterials assembling into liquid crystalline (LC) helical structures, where MNPs are regularly packed in fluid/frozen arrays/layers or wires (columns). While the helical fluid columnar arrays (molecular wires) showing circular dichroism (CD) have been realized, the discovery of fluid chiral lamellar ordering, where the dielectric and conducting regimes are arranged alternatively, has hitherto remained highly elusive. Herein we report the first examples of monodisperse LC-gold NPs (LC-GNPs) self-assembling into a fluid/frozen lamellar structure exhibiting CD activity. Notably, these new, exceptional LC-GNPs have been realized by simple, hassle-free protocols that involve the room temperature addition of LC dimer-like arylamines to Au(iii), where the amines not only reduce Au(iii) to Au(0) but also bind strongly to the central GNP scaffold. Their molecular structure, mesomorphism, and ability to interact with circularly polarized light have been evidenced unambiguously and could play an important role in realizing metamaterials in the visible region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin A Bhat
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) P. B. No. 1329, Prof. U. R. Rao Road, Jalahalli Bengaluru 560012 India
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University Mangalagangotri 574 199 India
| | - D S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) P. B. No. 1329, Prof. U. R. Rao Road, Jalahalli Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) P. B. No. 1329, Prof. U. R. Rao Road, Jalahalli Bengaluru 560012 India
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7
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Yu H, Qu W, Liu F, Mehl GH. Two helices from one chiral centre - self organization of disc shaped chiral nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1778-1782. [PMID: 34163939 PMCID: PMC8179125 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been prepared and surface-functionalized with a mixture of 1-hexanethiol co-ligands and chiral discogen ligands separated from a disulfide function via a flexible spacer. Polarized optical microscopy together with differential scanning calorimetry showed that the organic corona of the nanocomposite forms a stable chiral discotic nematic phase with a wide thermal range. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed that gold NPs form a superlattice with p2 plane symmetry. Analysis indicated that the organic corona takes up the shape of a flexible macrodisk. Synchrotron radiation-based circular dichroism signals of thin films are significantly enhanced on the isotropic-LC transition, in line with the formation of a chiral nematic phase of the organic corona. At lower temperatures the appearance of CD signals at longer wavelengths is associated with the chiral organisation of the NPs and is indicative of the formation of a second helical structure. The decreased volume required and the chiral environment of the disc ligands drives the nanoparticles into columns that arrange helically, parallel to the shortest axis of the two dimensional lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Wentao Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Georg H Mehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China
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8
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Dierking I, Yoshida S, Kelly T, Pitcher W. Liquid crystal-ferrofluid emulsions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6021-6031. [PMID: 32555906 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of the brilliant flat-panel TVs and computer screens that we all use on a daily basis, liquid crystals are far from being exhausted as a topic of research. Novel effects, new, modern, self-organized materials, and a range of applications are being developed, which are on the borderline between nanotechnology and soft condensed matter, and which use liquid crystals as a vehicle to study fundamental physical questions, all the way to mimicking nature and life. In this perspective article we will introduce an illustrative example, which will draw on a range of non-display aspects in liquid crystal research which have increasingly gained interest over the past years, namely self-organization of liquid crystals, colloidal ordering of magnetic nanoparticles, topological defects, and biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dierking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Susumu Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Thomas Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - William Pitcher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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9
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Tomczyk E, Promiński A, Bagiński M, Górecka E, Wójcik M. Gold Nanoparticles Thin Films with Thermo- and Photoresponsive Plasmonic Properties Realized with Liquid-Crystalline Ligands. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902807. [PMID: 31348618 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Robust synthesis of large-scale self-assembled nanostructures with long-range organization and a prominent response to external stimuli is critical to their application in functional plasmonics. Here, the first example of a material made of liquid crystalline nanoparticles which exhibits UV-light responsive surface plasmon resonance in a condensed state is presented. To obtain the material, metal cores are grafted with two types of organic ligands. A promesogenic derivative softens the system and induces rich liquid crystal phase polymorphism. Second, an azobenzene derivative endows nanoparticles with photoresponsive properties. It is shown that nanoparticles covered with a mixture of these ligands assemble into long-range ordered structures which exhibit a novel dual-responsivity. The structure and plasmonic properties of the assemblies can be controlled by a change in temperature as well as by UV-light irradiation. These results present an efficient way to obtain bulk quantities of self-assembled nanostructured materials with stability that is unattainable by alternative methods such as matrix-assisted or DNA-mediated organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Tomczyk
- Laboratory of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Promiński
- Laboratory of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Laboratory of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Górecka
- Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Dielectrics and Magnetics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, wirki i Wigury 101 Street, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcik
- Laboratory of Organic Nanomaterials and Biomolecules, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Peng H, Yu L, Chen G, Xue Z, Liao Y, Zhu J, Xie X, Smalyukh II, Wei Y. Liquid Crystalline Nanocolloids for the Storage of Electro-Optic Responsive Images. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8612-8624. [PMID: 30714369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline nanocolloids (LCNCs), which are nanostructured composites comprising nanoparticles (NPs) and a liquid crystal (LC) host, have attracted a great deal of attention because of their promising new fundamental physical behaviors and functional properties. Yet, it still remains a big challenge to pattern LCNCs into mesoscale-ordered structures due to the limited NP loading in the LC host. Here, we demonstrate LCNCs in the nematic phase with a high NP loading (∼42 wt %) by in situ co-functionalizing the NP with alkyl and mesogenic ligands. The LCNCs can be assembled into ordered structures through holographic photopolymerization-induced phase separation, giving rise to holographic polymer-dispersed nematic nanocolloids (HPDNNC). Interestingly, high diffraction efficiency, low light-scattering loss, and unique electric-switchable capability are realized in the HPDNNC. In addition, high-quality switchable and unclonable colored images are reconstructed, promising a host of advanced applications (e.g., anticounterfeiting). Our findings pave a way to advance the fundamental understanding of nanostructured LCs and their practical utility in enabling a new breed of inorganic-organic composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Peng
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
- Sino-US Joint Research Center on Liquid Crystal Chemistry and Physics , HUST and CUB , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Guannan Chen
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center , Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074 , China
- Sino-US Joint Research Center on Liquid Crystal Chemistry and Physics , HUST and CUB , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program , University of Colorado at Boulder (CUB) , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
- Sino-US Joint Research Center on Liquid Crystal Chemistry and Physics , HUST and CUB , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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11
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De J, Yang WY, Bala I, Gupta SP, Yadav RAK, Dubey DK, Chowdhury A, Jou JH, Pal SK. Room-Temperature Columnar Liquid Crystals as Efficient Pure Deep-Blue Emitters in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with an External Quantum Efficiency of 4.0. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8291-8300. [PMID: 30707013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel design of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active columnar (Col) luminomesogens is reported, and they are demonstrated to act as highly efficient deep-blue emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). All derivatives exhibit Col liquid crystalline (LC) behavior at room temperature over a wide temperature range and desirable alignment properties, which is very important in using them as materials for organic electronic devices. These new AIE active luminomesogens were found to act as highly efficient emitters in OLEDs and unveiled a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.0% for the first time in Col LCs with Commission International de l'E'clairage coordinates of (0.17, 0.07), which closely matches the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard, corresponding to pure deep blue color. The detailed supramolecular assembly of the compounds has been characterized by modeling in the mesophase derived from small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City , Manauli 140306 , India
| | - Wan-Yun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City , Manauli 140306 , India
| | | | - Rohit Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Arjun Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City , Manauli 140306 , India
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali , Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City , Manauli 140306 , India
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12
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Dierking I. Nanomaterials in Liquid Crystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E453. [PMID: 29933570 PMCID: PMC6071007 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dierking
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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13
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Sun Y, Padmanabhan P, Misra M, Escobedo FA. Molecular dynamics simulation of thermotropic bolaamphiphiles with a swallow-tail lateral chain: formation of cubic network phases. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8542-8555. [PMID: 29095474 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
T-shaped bolaamphiphiles (TBA) with a swallow-tail lateral chain have been found to provide a fertile platform to produce complex liquid crystalline phases that are accessible through changes of temperature and lateral chain length and design. In this work, we use molecular simulations of a simple coarse-grained model to map out the phase behavior of this type of molecules. This model is based on the premise that the crucial details of the fluid structure stem from close range repulsions and the strong directional forces typical of hydrogen bonds. Our simulations confirm that TBAs exhibit a rich phase behavior upon increasing the length of their lateral chain. The simulations detect a double gyroid phase and an axial-bundle columnar phase which bear some structural resemblance to those found in the experiment. In addition, simulations predict two cocontinuous phases with 3D-periodicity: the "single" diamond and the "single" plumber's nightmare phase. Our analysis of energetic and entropic contributions to the free energy of phases formed by TBA with either swallow-tail or linear side-chains suggest that the 3D-periodic network phases formed by the former are stabilized by the large conformation entropy of the side-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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14
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Cheng H, Zhang R, Li T, Peng X, Xia M, Xiao Y, Cheng X. Synthesis and self-assembly of bent core polycatenar mesogens with binding selectivity to Hg2+. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Target compounds can self-assemble into CubI/Pm3̄nLC phases and organogels, simultaneously; these compounds have binding selectivity to Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Taihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Xiongwei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Yulong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Chemistry Department
- Yunnan University
- Kunming
- P. R. China
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15
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Lan X, Wang Q. Self-Assembly of Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10499-10507. [PMID: 27327654 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic chiroptical effects have attracted significant attention for their widespread potential applications in negative-refractive-index materials, advanced light-polarization filters, and ultrasensitive sensing devices, etc. As compared to top-down fabrication methods, the bottom-up self-assembly strategy provides nanoscale resolution, parallel production, and isotropic optical response, and therefore plays an indispensable role in the fabrication of chiral plasmonic nanostructures. The optical properties of these chiral structures can be predicted based on the near-field coupling of localized surface plasmons in structural components, which offers a route to tune or enhance optical activity by selecting building blocks and designing structural configurations. To date, three main types of chiral plasmonic nanostructures, i.e., chiral "plasmonic molecules", chiral superstructures, and chiral-molecule-metal hybrid complexes, are usually assembled, in which metal nanoparticles with various sizes, shapes, and compositions, and/or chiral molecules are employed as building blocks. Here, recent achievements in the self-assembly of chiral plasmonic nanostructures are highlighted and perspectives on the future directions of chiral plasmonics integrated with bottom-up self-assembly are presented, showing three typical examples, including chiral plasmonic switches, chiral nanoparticles, and chiral metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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16
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Diroll BT, Jishkariani D, Cargnello M, Murray CB, Donnio B. Polycatenar Ligand Control of the Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10508-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Diroll
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Davit Jishkariani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Complex
Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), UMI 3254, CNRS-Solvay−University of Pennsylvania, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Complex
Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS), UMI 3254, CNRS-Solvay−University of Pennsylvania, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, United States
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS),
UMR 7504, CNRS−Université de Strasbourg, 67034 cedex
2, Strasbourg, France
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17
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Kurochkin O, Murugesan YK, Bennett TP, D'Alessandro G, Reznikov Y, Tang BJ, Mehl GH, Kaczmarek M. Thermal optical non-linearity of nematic mesophase enhanced by gold nanoparticles--an experimental and numerical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11503-12. [PMID: 27063912 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00116e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work the mechanisms leading to the enhancement of optical nonlinearity of nematic liquid crystalline material through localized heating by doping the liquid crystals (LCs) with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are investigated. We present some experimental and theoretical results on the effect of voltage and nanoparticle concentration on the nonlinear response of GNP-LC suspensions. The optical nonlinearity of these systems is characterized by diffraction measurements and the second order nonlinear refractive index, n2, is used to compare systems with different configurations and operating conditions. A theoretical model based on heat diffusion that takes into account the intensity and finite size of the incident beam, the nanoparticle concentration dependent absorbance of GNP doped LC systems and the presence of bounding substrates is developed and validated. We use the model to discuss the possibilities of further enhancing the optical nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kurochkin
- Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Y K Murugesan
- School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - T P Bennett
- School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - G D'Alessandro
- School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Y Reznikov
- Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - B J Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - G H Mehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - M Kaczmarek
- School of Physics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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18
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Liu M, Fan K, Padilla W, Powell DA, Zhang X, Shadrivov IV. Tunable Meta-Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1553-8. [PMID: 26644296 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Meta-liquid crystals, a novel form of tunable 3D metamaterials, are proposed and experimentally demonstrated in the terahertz frequency regime. A morphology change under a bias electric field and a strong modulation of the transmission are observed. In comparison to conventional liquid crystals, there is considerable freedom to prescribe the electromagnetic properties through the judicious design of the meta-atom geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Liu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kebin Fan
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Willie Padilla
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - David A Powell
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ilya V Shadrivov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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19
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Lewandowski W, Łojewska T, Szustakiewicz P, Mieczkowski J, Pociecha D. Reversible switching of structural and plasmonic properties of liquid-crystalline gold nanoparticle assemblies. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2656-63. [PMID: 26758794 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid materials built of spherical gold nanoparticles with three different sizes covered with (pro)mesogenic molecules have been prepared. Small-angle X-ray diffraction studies showed that after thermal annealing most of the obtained materials formed long-range ordered assemblies. Variation of the (pro)mesogenic ligand architecture enabled us to achieve a switchable material, which could be reversibly reconfigured between 3D long-range ordered structures with tetragonal and face centred cubic symmetries. This structural reconfiguration induces changes to the plasmonic response of the material. This work demonstrates that it is possible to use LC-based self-assembling phenomena to prepare dynamic materials with structural properties important for the development of active plasmonic metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lewandowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura st., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - T Łojewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura st., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - P Szustakiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura st., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Mieczkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura st., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - D Pociecha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura st., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Shi Y, Zhu C, Li J, Wei J, Guo J. A color-changing plasmonic actuator based on silver nanoparticle array/liquid crystalline elastomer nanocomposites. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The color-changing Ag NPs/LCE actuators can be used for smart environmental responsive devices by coupling the LSPR of Ag NPs with the deformation of the LCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Juntao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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21
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Cseh L, Mang X, Zeng X, Liu F, Mehl GH, Ungar G, Siligardi G. Helically Twisted Chiral Arrays of Gold Nanoparticles Coated with a Cholesterol Mesogen. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12736-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cseh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaobin Mang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
- State
Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, PR China
| | - Georg H. Mehl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department
of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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22
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Urbanski M. On the impact of nanoparticle doping on the electro-optic response of nematic hosts. LIQUID CRYSTALS TODAY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1358314x.2015.1059586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Dynamically self-assembled silver nanoparticles as a thermally tunable metamaterial. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6590. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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24
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Piccardi A, Alberucci A, Kravets N, Buchnev O, Assanto G. Power-controlled transition from standard to negative refraction in reorientational soft matter. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5533. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Acreman A, Kaczmarek M, D'Alessandro G. Gold nanoparticle liquid crystal composites as a tunable nonlinear medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:012504. [PMID: 25122321 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.012504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nonlinearity of a liquid crystal cell doped with gold nanoparticles by considering their selective absorption. Such nonlinearities are promising for optical processing applications and optical limiters. Systems displaying thermal nonlinearities are particularly attractive as the maximum nonlinearity may occur in the absence of an applied field and additionally this nonlinearity can be controlled by the reorientation of the liquid crystal. We show that there exists a theoretical optimum concentration of absorbers, which maximizes the nonlinearity. Further we show that the nonlinearity of the system can be tuned by the reorientation of the liquid crystal host, with the nonlinearity decreasing from 9 × 10(-5) cm(2)W(-1) to zero by the application of a magnetic field of the order of 0.01 Tesla. This allows a fine control of the diffraction efficiency and, in principle, many other nonlinear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Acreman
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - M Kaczmarek
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
| | - G D'Alessandro
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom
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26
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Tamba MG, Yu CH, Tang BJ, Welch C, Kohlmeier A, Schubert CP, Mehl GH. The Design and Investigation of Nanocomposites Containing Dimeric Nematogens and Liquid Crystal Gold Nanoparticles with Plasmonic Properties Showing a Nematic-Nematic Phase Transition (N u-N x/N tb). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:3494-3511. [PMID: 28788631 PMCID: PMC5453202 DOI: 10.3390/ma7053494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The construction of liquid crystal compositions consisting of the dimeric liquid crystal, CB_C9_CB (cyanobiphenyl dimer = 1'',9''-bis(4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-yl)nonane), and the range of nematic systems is explored. The materials include a laterally functionalized monomer, which was used to construct a phase diagram with CB_C9_CB, as well as one laterally linked dimer liquid crystal material and two liquid crystal gold nanoparticle (LC-Au-NPs) systems. For the Au-NP-LCs, the NP diameters were varied between ~3.3 nm and 10 nm. Stable mixtures that exhibit a nematic-nematic phase transition are reported and were investigated by POM (polarizing optical microscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih Hao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Bai Jia Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Georg H Mehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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27
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Lewandowski W, Wójcik M, Górecka E. Metal Nanoparticles with Liquid-Crystalline Ligands: Controlling Nanoparticle Superlattice Structure and Properties. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1283-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Mirzaei J, Urbanski M, Kitzerow HS, Hegmann T. Synthesis of Liquid Crystal Silane-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Effects on the Optical and Electro-Optic Properties of a Structurally Related Nematic Liquid Crystal. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1381-94. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Breckon R, Chakraborty S, Zhang C, Diorio N, Gleeson JT, Sprunt S, Twieg RJ, Jákli A. Nanostructures of Nematic Materials of Laterally Branched Molecules. Chemphyschem 2013; 15:1457-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Tschierske C. Entwicklung struktureller Komplexität durch Selbstorganisation in flüssigkristallinen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Tschierske C. Development of structural complexity by liquid-crystal self-assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8828-78. [PMID: 23934786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the liquid-crystalline state of matter 125 years ago, this field has developed into a scientific area with many facets. This Review presents recent developments in the molecular design and self-assembly of liquid crystals. The focus is on new exciting soft-matter structures distinct from the usually observed nematic, smectic, and columnar phases. These new structures have enhanced complexity, including multicompartment and cellular structures, periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of spheres, and new emergent properties, such as ferroelctricity and spontaneous achiral symmetry-breaking. Comparisons are made with developments in related fields, such as self-assembled monolayers, multiblock copolymers, and nanoparticle arrays. Measures of structural complexity used herein are the size of the lattice, the number of distinct compartments, the dimensionality, and the logic depth of the resulting supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschierske
- Institut für Chemie, Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle Saale, Germany.
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32
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Dai H, Yang X, Tan X, Su F, Cheng X, Liu F, Tschierske C. Liquid crystalline 2-thienyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazines exhibiting Im3̄m and Pm3̄n micellar cubic phases in an inverted sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10617-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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