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Sun W, Wang C, Tian C, Li X, Hu X, Liu S. Nanotechnology for brain tumor imaging and therapy based on π-conjugated materials: state-of-the-art advances and prospects. Front Chem 2023; 11:1301496. [PMID: 38025074 PMCID: PMC10663370 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1301496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In contemporary biomedical research, the development of nanotechnology has brought forth numerous possibilities for brain tumor imaging and therapy. Among these, π-conjugated materials have garnered significant attention as a special class of nanomaterials in brain tumor-related studies. With their excellent optical and electronic properties, π-conjugated materials can be tailored in structure and nature to facilitate applications in multimodal imaging, nano-drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and other related fields. This review focuses on presenting the cutting-edge advances and application prospects of π-conjugated materials in brain tumor imaging and therapeutic nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshe Sun
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Congxiao Wang
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xueda Li
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shifeng Liu
- Department of Interventional Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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2
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Zheng Q, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Huang X, Xiong X, Zhang A, Chang K, Li Q. Conjugated Polymeric Materials in Biological Imaging and Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:5091. [PMID: 37446753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have attracted much attention in the fields of chemistry, medicine, life science, and material science. Researchers have carried out a series of innovative researches and have made significant research progress regarding the unique photochemical and photophysical properties of CPs, expanding the application range of polymers. CPs are polymers formed by the conjugation of multiple repeating light-emitting units. Through precise control of their structure, functional molecules with different properties can be obtained. Fluorescence probes with different absorption and emission wavelengths can be obtained by changing the main chain structure. By modifying the side chain structure with water-soluble groups or selective recognition molecules, electrostatic interaction or specific binding with specific targets can be achieved; subsequently, the purpose of selective recognition can be achieved. This article reviews the research work of CPs in cell imaging, tumor diagnosis, and treatment in recent years, summarizes the latest progress in the application of CPs in imaging, tumor diagnosis, and treatment, and discusses the future development direction of CPs in cell imaging, tumor diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbin Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Zhuli Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Xuefan Xiong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Ang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Kaiwen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Probes, Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
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3
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Pham TTD, Jung SJ, Oh CM, Yang JK, Lee D, Kidanemariam A, Muhammad A, Kim S, Shin TJ, Park J, Hwang IW, Park J. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles: Photothermal and Photodynamic Capabilities According to Molecular Ordering in Their Assembly Structures. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thuy Duong Pham
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mok Oh
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Yang
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Alemayehu Kidanemariam
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Arbanah Muhammad
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Wook Hwang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
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4
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Noh J, Koo DG, Hyun C, Lee D, Jang S, Kim J, Jeon Y, Moon SY, Chae B, Nam I, Shin TJ, Park J. Selective CO 2 adsorption and bathochromic shift in a phosphocholine-based lipid and conjugated polymer assembly. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8385-8393. [PMID: 35424813 PMCID: PMC8984932 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We assemble a film of a phosphocholine-based lipid and a crystalline conjugated polymer using hydrophobic interactions between the alkyl tails of the lipid and alkyl side chains of the polymer, and demonstrated its selective gas adsorption properties and the polymer's improved light absorption properties. We show that a strong attractive interaction between the polar lipid heads and CO2 was responsible for 6 times more CO2 being adsorbed onto the assembly than N2, and that with repeated CO2 adsorption and vacuuming procedures, the assembly structures of the lipid-polymer assembly were irreversibly changed, as demonstrated by in situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction during the gas adsorption and desorption. Despite the disruption of the lipid structure caused by adsorbed polar gas molecules on polar head groups, gas adsorption could promote orderly alkyl chain packing by inducing compressive strain, resulting in enhanced electron delocalization of conjugated backbones and bathochromic light absorption. The findings suggest that merging the structures of the crystalline functional polymer and lipid bilayer is a viable option for solar energy-converting systems that use conjugated polymers as a light harvester and the polar heads as CO2-capturing sites. Assembly films of a phosphocholine-based lipid and a crystalline conjugated polymer had significant CO2 selective adsorption and light absorption due to the attractive interaction of CO2 with exposed polar lipid heads and enhanced morphologies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juran Noh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dong Geon Koo
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chohee Hyun
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyeon Jang
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejee Jeon
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Moon
- C1 Gas & Carbon Convergent Research Center, Chemical & Process Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Boknam Chae
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Nam
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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5
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Jeon B, Kidanemariam A, Noh J, Hyun C, Mun HJ, Park K, Jung SJ, Jeon Y, Yoo PJ, Park J, Jung HT, Shin TJ, Park J. Strong Bathochromic Shift of Conjugated Polymer Nanowires Assembled with a Liquid Crystalline Alkyl Benzoic Acid via a Film Dispersion Process. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:34876-34888. [PMID: 34963971 PMCID: PMC8697608 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present aqueous dispersions of conjugated polymer nanowires (CPNWs) with improved light absorption properties aimed at aqueous-based applications. We assembled films of a donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymer and liquid crystalline 4-n-octylbenzoic acid by removing a cosolvent of their mixture solutions, followed by annealing of the films, and then formed aqueous-dispersed CPNWs with an aspect ratio >1000 by dispersing the films under ultrasonication at a basic pH. X-ray and spectroscopy studies showed that the polymer and liquid crystal molecules form independent domains in film assemblies and highly organized layer structures in CPNWs. Our ordered molecular assemblies in films and aqueous dispersions of CPNWs open up a new route to fabricate nanowires of low-band-gap linear conjugated polymers with the absorption maximum at 794 nm remarkably red-shifted from 666 nm of CPNWs prepared by an emulsion process. Our results suggest the presence of semicrystalline polymorphs β1 and β2 phases in CPNWs due to long-range π-π stacking of conjugated backbones in compactly organized lamellar structures. The resulting delocalization with a reduced energy bang gap should be beneficial for enhancing charge transfer and energy-conversion efficiencies in aqueous-based applications such as photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung
Yun Jeon
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Alemayehu Kidanemariam
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Juran Noh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Chohee Hyun
- UNIST
Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Mun
- UNIST
Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangho Park
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) & KAIST
Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Jung
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejee Jeon
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil J. Yoo
- School
of
Chemical Engineering, SKKU Advanced Institute of nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus) & KAIST
Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST
Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department
of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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6
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Collagen Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems and Tissue Engineering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The versatile natural polymer, collagen, has gained vast attention in biomedicine. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, weak antigenicity, biomimetics and well-known safety profile, it is widely used as a drug, protein and gene carrier, and as a scaffold matrix in tissue engineering. Nanoparticles develop favorable chemical and physical properties such as increased drug half-life, improved hydrophobic drug solubility and controlled and targeted drug release. Their reduced toxicity, controllable characteristics of scaffolds and stimuli-responsive behavior make them suitable in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Collagen associates and absorbs nanoparticles leading to significant impacts on their biological functioning in any biofluid. This review will discuss collagen nanoparticle preparation methods and their applications and developments in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.
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7
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Pluronic stabilized conjugated polymer nanoparticles for NIR fluorescence imaging and dual phototherapy applications. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Wei J, Liu Y, Yu J, Chen L, Luo M, Yang L, Li P, Li S, Zhang XH. Conjugated Polymers: Optical Toolbox for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103127. [PMID: 34510742 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are capable of coordinating the electron coupling phenomenon to bestow powerful optoelectronic features. The light-harvesting and light-amplifying properties of CPs are extensively used in figuring out the biomedical issues with special emphasis on accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and precise theranostics. This review summarizes the recent progress of CP materials in bioimaging, cancer therapeutics, and introduces the design strategies by rationally tuning the optical properties. The recent advances of CPs in bioimaging applications are first summarized and the challenges to clear the future directions of CPs in the respective area are discussed. In the following sections, the focus is on the burgeoning applications of CPs in phototherapy of the tumor, and illustrates the underlying photo-transforming mechanism for further molecular designing. Besides, the recent progress in the CPs-assistant drug therapy, mainly including drug delivery, gene therapeutic, the optical-activated reversion of tumor resistance, and synergistic therapy has also been discussed elaborately. In the end, the potential challenges and future developments of CPs on cancer diagnosis and therapy are also illuminated for the improvement of optical functionalization and the promotion of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Mai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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9
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Alexandre RAF, de Oliveira OV, dos Santos JD. Theoretical studies of new PCPDTBT derivatives as possible electron donor on polymer solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Neumann PR, Erdmann F, Holthof J, Hädrich G, Green M, Rao J, Dailey LA. Different PEG-PLGA Matrices Influence In Vivo Optical/Photoacoustic Imaging Performance and Biodistribution of NIR-Emitting π-Conjugated Polymer Contrast Agents. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001089. [PMID: 32864903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The π-conjugated polymer poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b0]-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) with deep-red/near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission has been investigated as a contrast agent for in vivo optical and photoacoustic imaging. PCPDTBT is encapsulated within poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa or PEG5kDa -PLGA55kDa ) micelles or enveloped by the phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (PEG2kDa -DPPE), to investigate the formulation effect on imaging performance, biodistribution, and biocompatibility. Nanoparticles that meet the quality requirements for parenteral administration are generated with similar physicochemical properties. Optical phantom imaging reveals that both PEG-PLGA systems exhibit a 30% higher signal-to-background ratio (SBR) than PEG2kDa -DPPE. This trend cannot be observed in a murine HeLa xenograft model following intravenous administration since dramatic differences in biodistribution are observed. PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa systems accumulate more rapidly in the liver compared to other formulations and PEG2kDa -DPPE demonstrates a higher tumor localization. Protein content in the "hard" corona differs between formulations (PEG2kDa -DPPE < PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa < PEG5kDa -PLGA55kDa ), although this observation alone does not explain biodistribution patterns. PEG2kDa -PLGA4kDa systems show the highest photoacoustic amplitude in a phantom, but also a lower signal in the tumor due to differences in biodistribution. This study demonstrates that formulations for conjugated polymer contrast agents can have significant impact on both imaging performance and biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robert Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Frank Erdmann
- Institute of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Joost Holthof
- FUJIFILM Visualsonics Joop Geesinkweg 140 Amsterdam 1114 AB The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Hädrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics King's College London London WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305‐5484 USA
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy University of Vienna Vienna 1090 Austria
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11
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Enhanced optical imaging properties of lipid nanocapsules as vehicles for fluorescent conjugated polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:297-308. [PMID: 32707286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have emerged as highly photostable probes for optical and photoacoustic imaging. However, the aggregation of conjugated polymer (CP) molecules upon nanoparticle formation is associated with fluorescence quenching, poor yields and mutable particle sizes. This study investigated whether the CP encapsulation within the liquid midchain triglyceride (MCT) core of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) may achieve reduced packing of CP chains leading to a stable system with enhanced optical features. The red- and near infrared-emitting CPs, CN-PPV and PCPDTBT, showed precipitation and aggregation-induced quenching with concentrations >~25 µg/mL in MCT alone. Despite this, CP encapsulation within LNCs abolished quenching at concentrations up to 1500 µg/mL. PCPDTBT-LNCs exhibited a quantum yield of 2.8% and a higher signal:background ratio in an optical imaging phantom compared to literature reports of PCPDTBT encapsulated in PEG-PLGA nanoparticles. In contrast, PCPDTBT-LNCs had slightly lower photoacoustic amplitudes than reported PEG-PLGA systems. CP-LNCs were also stable in size (32 ± 0.7 nm) and photoluminescence over 21 days at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C. In summary, encapsulation of CP within the liquid core of lipid nanocapsules enhances the optical properties of fluorescent CP.
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12
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He Y, Fan X, Sun J, Liu R, Fan Z, Zhang Z, Chang X, Wang B, Gao F, Wang L. Flash nanoprecipitation of ultra-small semiconducting polymer dots with size tunability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2594-2597. [PMID: 32016209 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Small-sized semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) provide better tissue and subcellular penetration while minimizing unspecific interactions, and make the fast clearance of Pdots from human bodies possible by urinary excretion. We employ a powerful and scalable technology, flash nanoprecipitation, to prepare Pdots with small sizes (hydrodynamic diameters ∼10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen He
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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13
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Park J. Functional Fibers, Composites and Textiles Utilizing Photothermal and Joule Heating. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E189. [PMID: 31936785 PMCID: PMC7022820 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanism of adjusting the thermal environment surrounding the human body via textiles. Recently highlighted technologies for thermal management are based on the photothermal conversion principle and Joule heating for wearable electronics. Recent innovations in this technology are described, with a focus on reports in the last three years and are categorized into three subjects: (1) thermal management technologies of a passive type using light irradiation of the outside environment (photothermal heating), (2) those of an active type employing external electrical circuits (Joule heating), and (3) biomimetic structures. Fibers and textiles from the design of fibers and textiles perspective are also discussed with suggestions for future directions to maximize thermal storage and to minimize heat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy-Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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14
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Abelha TF, Dreiss CA, Green MA, Dailey LA. Conjugated polymers as nanoparticle probes for fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:592-606. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02582k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the role of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) in emerging bioimaging techniques is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fedatto Abelha
- King's College London
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- London
- UK
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Cécile A. Dreiss
- King's College London
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
- London
- UK
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15
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Neumann PR, Crossley DL, Turner M, Ingleson M, Green M, Rao J, Dailey LA. In Vivo Optical Performance of a New Class of Near-Infrared-Emitting Conjugated Polymers: Borylated PF8-BT. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46525-46535. [PMID: 31746180 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Borylated poly(fluorene-benzothiadiazoles) (PF8-BT) are π-conjugated polymers (CPs) with deep-red/near-infrared (NIR) absorption and emission profiles suitable for in vivo optical imaging. A fully borylated PF8-BT derivative (P4) was encapsulated in pegylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles and compared with a reference NIR-emitting CP (PCPDTBT) or indocyanine green (ICG). All formulations satisfied quality requirements for parenterally administered diagnostics. P4 nanoparticles had higher quantum yield (2.3%) than PCPCDTBT (0.01%) or ICG nanoparticles (1.1%). The signal/background ratios (SBRs) of CP systems P4 and PCPDTBT in a phantom mouse (λem = 820 nm) increased linearly with fluorophore mass (12.5-100 μg/mL), while the SBRs of ICG decreased above 25 μg/mL. P4 nanoparticles experienced <10% photobleaching over 10 irradiations (PCPDTBT: ∼25% and ICG: >44%). In a mouse tumor xenograft model, P4 nanoparticles showed a 5-fold higher SBR than PCPDTBT particles with fluorophore accumulation in the liver > spleen > tumor. Blood chemistry and tissue histology showed no abnormalities compared to untreated animals after a single administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robert Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale 06120 , Germany
| | - Daniel L Crossley
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , U.K
| | - Michael Turner
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Michael Ingleson
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , U.K
| | - Mark Green
- Department of Physics , King's College London , London WC2R 2LS , U.K
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology and Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle/Saale 06120 , Germany
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16
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Jasim KA, Gesquiere AJ. Ultrastable and Biofunctionalizable Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Iron for Ferroptosis Assisted Chemodynamic Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4852-4866. [PMID: 31613630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of novel tumor-targeted conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNPs) carrying iron for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Tumor cell killing proceeds through ferroptosis, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanism that is not dependent on external activation by, for example, light, as is the case in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The ferroptosis mechanism is also not heavily reliant on oxygen availability and is, therefore, promising for the treatment of hypoxic tumors. In this work, we apply this development to the case study of melanoma, a difficult to treat cancer in advanced stages due to resistance to chemotherapy. The iron-carrying CPNPs reported here are targeted to endothelin-B receptors (EDNRB) through endothelin-3 surface moieties (EDN3-CPNPs). Our results show excellent targeting to tumor cells that overexpress EDNRB, specifically for melanoma and bladder tumor cells. In these cases, efficient cell killing, over 80% at higher doses, was found. Conversely, tumor cells not targeted by the EDN3-CPNPs show little effects of CDT, with tumor cell death under 20% in most cases. The outcomes of our work demonstrate that EDN3-CPNPs enable ferroptosis-assisted CDT and present a new therapeutic avenue for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf A Jasim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq
| | - Andre J Gesquiere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,The College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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17
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Jeon B, Kim T, Lee D, Shin TJ, Oh KW, Park J. Photothermal Polymer Nanocomposites of Tungsten Bronze Nanorods with Enhanced Tensile Elongation at Low Filler Contents. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1740. [PMID: 31652953 PMCID: PMC6918126 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present polymer nanocomposites of tungsten bronze nanorods (TBNRs) and ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM). The combination of these components allows the simultaneous enhancement in the mechanical and photothermal properties of the composites at low filler contents. The as-synthesized TBNRs had lengths and diameters of 14.0 ± 2.4 nm and 2.5 ± 0.5 nm, respectively, and were capped with oleylamine, which has a chemical structure similar to EPDM, making the TBNRs compatible with the bulk EPDM matrix. The TBNRs absorb a wide range of near-infrared light because of the sub-band transitions induced by alkali metal doping. Thus, the nanocomposites of TBNRs in EPDM showed enhanced photothermal properties owing to the light absorption and subsequent heat emission by the TBNRs. Noticeably, the nanocomposite with only 3 wt% TBNRs presented significantly enhanced tensile strain at break, in comparison with those of pristine EPDM, nanocomposites with 1 and 2 wt % TBNRs, and those with tungsten bronze nanoparticles, because of the alignment of the nanorods during tensile elongation. The photothermal and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites make them promising materials for various applications such as in fibers, foams, clothes with cold weather resistance, patches or mask-like films for efficient transdermal delivery upon heat generation, and photoresponsive surfaces for droplet transport by the thermocapillary effect in microfluidic devices and microengines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungyun Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Taehyung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Dabin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Kyung Wha Oh
- Department of Fashion Design, College of Art, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Juhyun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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18
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Aqueous dispersions of thienoisoindigo-based semiconductor nanorods assembled with 2-bromobenzaldehyde and a phospholipid. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ghalayini S, Susapto HH, Hall S, Kahin K, Hauser CAE. Preparation and printability of ultrashort self-assembling peptide nanoparticles. Int J Bioprint 2019; 5:239. [PMID: 32596541 PMCID: PMC7294693 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v5i2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have left their mark on the field of bioengineering. Fabricated from metallic, magnetic, and metal oxide materials, their applications include drug delivery, bioimaging, and cell labeling. However, as they enter the body, the question remains - where do they go after fulfilling their designated function? As most materials used to produce NPs are not naturally found in the body, they are not biodegradable and may accumulate overtime. There is a lack of comprehensive, long-term studies assessing the biodistribution of non-biodegradable NPs for even the most widely studied NPs. There is a clear need for NPs produced from natural materials capable of degradation in vivo. As peptides exist naturally within the human body, their non-toxic and biocompatible nature comes as no surprise. Ultrashort peptides are aliphatic peptides designed with three to seven amino acids capable of self-assembling into helical fibers within macromolecular structures. Using a microfluidics flow-focusing approach, we produced different peptide-based NPs that were then three-dimensional (3D) printed with our novel printer setup. Herein, we describe the preparation method of NPs from ultrashort self-assembling peptides and their morphology in both manual and 3D-printed hydrogels, thus suggesting that peptide NPs are capable of withstanding the stresses involved in the printing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ghalayini
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hepi Hari Susapto
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sophie Hall
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kowther Kahin
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte A. E. Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Abelha TF, Neumann PR, Holthof J, Dreiss CA, Alexander C, Green M, Dailey LA. Low molecular weight PEG-PLGA polymers provide a superior matrix for conjugated polymer nanoparticles in terms of physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and optical/photoacoustic performance. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5115-5124. [PMID: 31363720 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The near-infrared absorbing conjugated polymer poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) has been investigated as a contrast agent for optical and photoacoustic imaging. Lipophilic π-conjugated polymers can be efficiently encapsulated within self-assembling diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles, although the effect of variations in PEG and PLGA chain lengths on nanoparticle properties, performance and biocompatibility have not yet been investigated. In this study, PEG-PLGA with different block lengths (PEG2kDa-PLGA4kDa, PEG2kDa-PLGA15kDa and PEG5kDa-PLGA55kDa) were used to encapsulate PCPDTBT. Nanoparticle sizes were smallest (<100 nm) when using PEG2kDa-PLGA4kDa, with <5% PCPDTBT content and a reduction in the total solids concentration of the organic phase. All PEG-PLGA nanoparticles were colloidally stable in water and serum-supplemented cell culture medium over 24 h at 37 °C, with slight evidence of protein surface adsorption. PEG2kDa-PLGA4kDa systems showed a threefold lower cytotoxicity (IC50 value) than the other two systems. Haemolytic activity was <2.5% for all systems and no platelet aggregation or inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was observed. Encapsulation of PCPDTBT within a PEG-PLGA matrix shifted fluorescence emission towards red wavelengths (760 nm in THF vs. 840 nm in nanoparticles) and reduced the quantum yield by 30-70-fold compared to THF. Nonetheless, PCPDTBT:PEG2kDa-PLGA4kDa systems had a marginally higher quantum yield and signal-to-background ratio in a phantom mouse compared with PEG2kDa-PLGA15kDa and PEG5kDa-PLGA55kDa systems. As a photoacoustic imaging probe, PCPDTBT:PEG2kDa-PLGA4kDa systems also showed a higher photoacoustic amplitude compared to higher molecular weight PEG-PLGA systems. Overall, the low molecular weight PEG2kDa-PLGA4kDa nanoparticle systems conferred the benefits of smaller sizes, reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced imaging performance compared to higher molecular weight matrix polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Fedatto Abelha
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Robert Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Joost Holthof
- FUJIFILM Visualsonics, Joop Geesinkweg 140, 1114 AB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A Dreiss
- King's College London, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Waterloo Campus, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mark Green
- King's College London, Department of Physics, Strand Campus, WC2R 2LS, London, UK.
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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21
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Che J, Bae N, Noh J, Kim T, Yoo PJ, Shin TJ, Park J. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanoparticles Prepared via a Film Shattering Process and Hybridization with TiO2 for Visible-Light Active Photocatalysis. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Ordered assemblies of Fe3O4 and a donor-acceptor-type π-conjugated polymer in nanoparticles for enhanced photoacoustic and magnetic effects. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Lee D, Sang JS, Yoo PJ, Shin TJ, Oh KW, Park J. Machine-Washable Smart Textiles with Photothermal and Antibacterial Activities from Nanocomposite Fibers of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles and Polyacrylonitrile. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:polym11010016. [PMID: 30960000 PMCID: PMC6402031 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart textiles based on conjugated polymers have been highlighted as promising fabrics that can intelligently respond to environmental stimuli based on the electrical properties of polymer semiconductors. However, there has been limited interest in the photothermal properties of conjugated polymers that can be applied to smart textiles. We prepared nanoparticles by assembling a conjugated polymer with a fatty acid via an emulsion process and nanocomposite fibers by distributing the conjugated polymer nanoparticles in a polyacrylonitrile matrix. We then fabricated the textiles using the fibers. The resulting fabrics based on nanocomposite fibers show a temperature increase to 50 °C in 10 min under white light irradiation because of efficient photothermal conversion by the conjugated polymer light harvester, while the temperature of a pristine polyacrylonitrile fabric increases to only 35 °C. In addition, excellent antimicrobial activity was confirmed by a 99.9% decrease in the populations of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli over 24 h because of the effect of the fatty acid in the nanocomposite films and fabrics. Furthermore, the fabric showed efficient durability after a laundry test, suggesting the usefulness of these smart textiles based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Jeong Seon Sang
- Industry Academic-Cooperation Foundation, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Pil J Yoo
- School of Chemical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Kyung Wha Oh
- Department of Fashion Design, College of Art, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Juhyun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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24
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Conjugated polymer nano-ellipsoids assembled with octanoic acid and their polyurethane nanocomposites with simultaneous thermal storage and antibacterial activity. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Liu L, Liu R, Wang X, Cui Q, Yao C, Zhu S, Li L. Facile Preparation of Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Tunable Exciplex Emission and Their Application to Targeted Cellular Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qianling Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology (EBEAM) Chongqing, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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26
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DeFrates K, Markiewicz T, Gallo P, Rack A, Weyhmiller A, Jarmusik B, Hu X. Protein Polymer-Based Nanoparticles: Fabrication and Medical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1717. [PMID: 29890756 PMCID: PMC6032199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are particles that range in size from about 1⁻1000 nanometers in diameter, about one thousand times smaller than the average cell in a human body. Their small size, flexible fabrication, and high surface-area-to-volume ratio make them ideal systems for drug delivery. Nanoparticles can be made from a variety of materials including metals, polysaccharides, and proteins. Biological protein-based nanoparticles such as silk, keratin, collagen, elastin, corn zein, and soy protein-based nanoparticles are advantageous in having biodegradability, bioavailability, and relatively low cost. Many protein nanoparticles are easy to process and can be modified to achieve desired specifications such as size, morphology, and weight. Protein nanoparticles are used in a variety of settings and are replacing many materials that are not biocompatible and have a negative impact on the environment. Here we attempt to review the literature pertaining to protein-based nanoparticles with a focus on their application in drug delivery and biomedical fields. Additional detail on governing nanoparticle parameters, specific protein nanoparticle applications, and fabrication methods are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey DeFrates
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Theodore Markiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Pamela Gallo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Aaron Rack
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Aubrie Weyhmiller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Brandon Jarmusik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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27
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Liu J, Cai X, Pan HC, Bandla A, Chuan CK, Wang S, Thakor N, Liao LD, Liu B. Molecular Engineering of Photoacoustic Performance by Chalcogenide Variation in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Brain Vascular Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703732. [PMID: 29411945 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have attracted growing interest as photoacoustic (PA) imaging contrast agents, revelation of the relationship between the molecular structure of conjugated polymers and PA property is highly in demand. Here, three donor-acceptor-structured conjugated polymer analogs are designed, where only a single heteroatom of acceptor units changes from oxygen to sulfur to selenium, allowing for systematic investigation of the molecular structure-PA property relationship. The absorption and PA spectra of these CPNs can be facilely tuned by changing the heteroatoms of the acceptor units. Moreover, the absorption coefficient, and in turn the PA signal intensity, decreases when the heteroatom changes from oxygen to sulfur to selenium. As these CPNs exhibit weak fluorescence and similar photothermal conversion efficiency (≈70%), their PA intensities are approximately proportional to their absorption coefficients. The in vivo brain vasculature imaging in this study also demonstrates this trend. This study provides a simple but efficient strategy to manipulate the PA properties of CPNs through changing the heteroatom at key positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaolei Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
| | - Han-Chi Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Aishwarya Bandla
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Chan Kim Chuan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
| | - Nitish Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore, 117456
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411
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28
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Braeken Y, Cheruku S, Ethirajan A, Maes W. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Bioimaging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1420. [PMID: 29231908 PMCID: PMC5744355 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, conjugated polymers have emerged as an interesting class of fluorescence imaging probes since they generally show high fluorescence brightness, high photostability, fast emission rates, non-blinking behavior and low cytotoxicity. The main concern related to most conjugated polymers is their lack of hydrophilicity and thereby poor bio-availability. This can, however, be overcome by the formulation of conjugated polymer nanoparticles in aqueous medium. This review provides an overview of the different techniques employed for the preparation of conjugated polymer nanoparticles, together with methods to improve their photoluminescence quantum yields. For selective targeting of specific cells, dedicated surface functionalization protocols have been developed, using different functional groups for ligand immobilization. Finally, conjugated polymer nanoparticles have recently also been employed for theranostic applications, wherein the particles are simultaneously used as fluorescent probes and carriers for anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Braeken
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Srujan Cheruku
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces (NSI), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Anitha Ethirajan
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Nanobiophysics and Soft Matter Interfaces (NSI), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Wouter Maes
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS), UHasselt-Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Associated Lab IMOMEC, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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29
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Zhang Z, Zhang D, Wei L, Wang X, Xu Y, Li HW, Ma M, Chen B, Xiao L. Temperature responsive fluorescent polymer nanoparticles (TRFNPs) for cellular imaging and controlled releasing of drug to living cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:905-912. [PMID: 28898952 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that drug delivery by using functional nanomaterials with imaging capability could afford plenty of insightful information for the better control of the delivery process. In this work, we developed temperature responsive fluorescent nanoparticles (TRFNPs) for drug delivery and cellular imaging. The TRFNP was fabricated by one-pot co-precipitation of thermal sensitive amphiphilic block copolymers polystyrene-b-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PS-b-PNIPAM) and fluorescent conjugated polymer poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(1,4-benzo(2,1',3)-thiadiazole)] (PFBT) in the presence of desired small guest molecules. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements verified that this functional nanoparticle exhibited temperature dependent size variation, which could therefore regulate the releasing rate of loaded guest molecules (e.g. drugs) inside the polymer core. Besides, the TRFNPs displayed good photostability in terms of optical characterization. The cellular cytotoxicity characterization demonstrated that this nanoparticle exhibited good biocompatibility even under the mass concentration of 10μg/mL. By using Nile Red as a model molecule, the temperature-controlled releasing process from TRFNPs in solution as well as inside living cells was monitored directly according to the spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations. Furthermore, anti-cancer drug was successfully delivered into living cells via TRFNPs and released in a temperature dependent manner. As a consequence, owing the attractive merits as mentioned above, this nanostructure would find broad applications in nanomedicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yueling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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30
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Choi YK, Lee D, Lee SY, Shin TJ, Park J, Ahn DJ. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media by Assembly with Phospholipids via Dense Alkyl Chain Packing. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dabin Lee
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy
Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy
Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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31
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Park J. Visible and near infrared light active photocatalysis based on conjugated polymers. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Bae N, Park H, Yoo PJ, Shin TJ, Park J. Nanowires of amorphous conjugated polymers prepared via a surfactant-templating process using an alkylbenzoic acid. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Wang B, Wang J, Shao Q, Xi X, Chu Q, Dong G, Wei Y. Facile synthesis of thiazole-functionalized magnetic microspheres for highly specific separation of heme proteins. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole-functionalized magnetic microspheres which exhibited high selectivity to capture hemoglobin with a binding capacity of 2.02 g g−1 were successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Chaoyang District
- China
| | - Juanqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Chaoyang District
- China
| | - Qian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Chaoyang District
- China
| | - Xingjun Xi
- China National Institute of Standardization
- Haidian District
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Chu
- China National Institute of Standardization
- Haidian District
- P. R. China
| | - Genlai Dong
- China National Institute of Standardization
- Haidian District
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Chaoyang District
- China
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34
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Noh J, Kang I, Choi J, Fatima H, Yoo PJ, Oh KW, Park J. Surface modification of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles with hexylphosphoric acid to improve thermal stabilities of polyethylene composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Ma M, Lei M, Tan X, Tan F, Li N. Theranostic liposomes containing conjugated polymer dots and doxorubicin for bio-imaging and targeted therapeutic delivery. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This work was devoted to the development of a lipid-based theranostic nanoparticle able to simultaneously host conjugated polymer dots, doxorubicin (Dox) and folate acid (FA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Fengping Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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36
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Thiadiazole molecules and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide self-assembled nanoparticles as effective photothermal agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Seo D, Park J, Shin TJ, Yoo PJ, Park J, Kwak K. Bathochromic shift in absorption spectra of conjugated polymer nanoparticles with displacement along backbones. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Sun J, Zhang L, Wang J, Feng Q, Liu D, Yin Q, Xu D, Wei Y, Ding B, Shi X, Jiang X. Tunable Rigidity of (Polymeric Core)-(Lipid Shell) Nanoparticles for Regulated Cellular Uptake. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1402-7. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jiuling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics; Institute of Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qifang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics; Institute of Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yujie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics; Institute of Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics; Institute of Mechanics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology & CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; National Center for NanoScience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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39
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Xu X, Liu R, Li L. Nanoparticles made of π-conjugated compounds targeted for chemical and biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16733-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This feature article summarizes the recent applications of nanoparticles made of π-conjugated compounds in bio/chemo-sensing, disease therapy, and photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
| | - Lidong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- P. R. China
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