1
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Guo D, Zou M, Fan H, Yang W, Zheng J. Synthesis of Cyclic Trithiocarbonates from Carbon Disulfide and Propargyl Alcohols under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11408-11413. [PMID: 39052029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A versatile method for the synthesis of cyclic trithiocarbonates has been successfully developed from readily synthesized propargyl alcohols and easily accessible carbon disulfide (CS2), where terminal and nonterminal propargyl alkynols are compatible with this methodology. The developed protocol features simple, mild, atom-economic, and transition-metal-free reaction conditions resulting in the corresponding cyclic trithiocarbonates in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XueFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Meili Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XueFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XueFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Weiran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XueFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XueFu Road, Nangchang 330031, China
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2
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Chen S, Lu W, Zhang J, He H, Cang Y, Pan X, Zhu J. Thermally Driven Diselenide Metathesis: Polarization Process vs Radical Process. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:264-269. [PMID: 35574779 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diselenide, as a dynamic covalent bond, has been widely applied in functional materials due to its response to light, heat, sonication, pH, and other stimuli. Herein, a polarization-induced metathesis mechanism for diselenides under heating conditions in the dark is proposed. First, a radical trap experiment is used to prove that the exchange reaction of diselenides in the dark does not involve any radicals. Second, the dynamic exchange reaction of diselenides is found to be affected not only by the polarity of the solvent but also by the introduction of polar groups into the molecular skeleton. Furthermore, DFT calculations also support the notion that polarity has a large effect on the heterolytic rather than homolytic bond dissociation energies. The experimental results for allyl selenide small molecules, polymers, and polymer materials catalyzed by diselenide all support the polarization-induced metathesis mechanism. In short, we successfully enhanced the understanding of the mechanism for diselenide metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Hanliang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yujie Cang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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3
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Li T, Ma T, Li J, Chen S, Ma X, Yin J, Jiang X. Micropatterns Fabricated by Photodimerization-Induced Diffusion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007699. [PMID: 34363250 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pattern technology plays an important role in the generation of microstructures with different functionalities and morphologies. In this report, a straightforward and versatile strategy is presented for spatially regulating the growth of a microstructure on a surface by the photodimerization of maleimide (MI). Upon exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light, photodimerization of MI in a film comprising furan-grafted polymer and bismaleimide (BMI) produces a chemical gradient, which can drive the diffusion of BMI from the unexposed to the exposed region and from the bottom to the surface, resulting in the growth of micropatterns. Sequential crosslinking induced by the Diels-Alder reaction between MI and furan maintains the stability of pattern shape. Theoretical modeling with reaction-diffusion equations reveal that as photodimerization moves the system far from thermodynamic equilibrium, the formation of a chemical potential gradient requires the redistribution of matter, resulting in the formation of topographies. Directional molecular motion induced by UV light can generate complex morphology, and produce materials with unique optical functions, such as charming-ordered gratings. This straightforward method of fabricating micropatterns by photodimerization-induced diffusion is successfully applied to patterned curved surfaces, microfluidic channels and encapsulation of integrated light emitting diode chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Ni M, Luo W, Wang D, Zhang Y, Peng H, Zhou X, Xie X. Orthogonal Reconstruction of Upconversion and Holographic Images for Anticounterfeiting Based on Energy Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19159-19167. [PMID: 33876930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk-free reconstruction of multiple images within a single element can greatly boost the image capacity and information security. We herein demonstrate a viable approach by integrating upconversion and holographic images into a single holographic polymer nanocomposite. The holographic image is reconstructed through photopolymerization-induced phase separation under a 460 nm laser and identifiable under room light, while the upconversion image recognizable under a 980 nm laser is photopatterned via spatially photobleaching of the dye embedded in the upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) shell under 365 nm light. To this end, the lanthanide-doped UCNP in the core/shell/shell nanostructure of NaYF4:20%Yb3+,0.5%Tm3+@NaYF4@SiO2 is designed, and the dye, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), is fixed in the outermost SiO2 shell via the amine-isothiocyanate reaction and the subsequent sol-gel reaction. Energy transfer from the core of the UCNP to FITC embedded in the shell is critical to boosting the contrast of the upconversion image, which dials the emission color from blue to yellow-green. It is also found that the upconversion image can be brightened by increasing the UCNP content while the holographic image is weakened when the UCNP content is over 15 wt %. This study paves a new way toward advanced anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Ni
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Lab of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center, Wuhan 430074, China
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5
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Chen S, Liu M, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Pan X, Zhu X. Photoresponsive dynamic covalent bond based on addition–fragmentation chain transfer of allyl selenides. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01730b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new dynamic covalent bond allyl selenide that can undergo a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer reaction under ultraviolet irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Ming Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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6
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Zhang Z, Corrigan N, Bagheri A, Jin J, Boyer C. A Versatile 3D and 4D Printing System through Photocontrolled RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Ali Bagheri
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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7
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Zhang Z, Corrigan N, Bagheri A, Jin J, Boyer C. A Versatile 3D and 4D Printing System through Photocontrolled RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17954-17963. [PMID: 31642580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a valuable tool for synthesizing macromolecules with controlled topologies and diverse chemical functionalities. However, the application of RAFT polymerization to additive-manufacturing processes has been prevented due to the slow polymerization rates of typical systems. In this work, we developed and optimized a rapid visible (green) light mediated RAFT polymerization process and applied it to an open-air 3D printing system. The reaction components are non-toxic, metal free and environmentally friendly, which tailors these systems toward biomaterial fabrication. The inclusion of RAFT agent in the photosensitive resin provided control over the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials and allowed these materials to be post-functionalized after 3D printing. Additionally, photoinduced spatiotemporal control of the network structure provided a one-pass approach to 4D printed materials. This RAFT-mediated 3D and 4D printing process should provide access to a range of new functional and stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ali Bagheri
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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8
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McBride MK, Worrell BT, Brown T, Cox LM, Sowan N, Wang C, Podgorski M, Martinez AM, Bowman CN. Enabling Applications of Covalent Adaptable Networks. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2019; 10:175-198. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to behave in a fluidlike manner fundamentally separates thermoset and thermoplastic polymers. Bridging this divide, covalent adaptable networks (CANs) structurally resemble thermosets with permanent covalent crosslinks but are able to flow in a manner that resembles thermoplastic behavior only when a dynamic chemical reaction is active. As a consequence, the rheological behavior of CANs becomes intrinsically tied to the dynamic reaction kinetics and the stimuli that are used to trigger those, including temperature, light, and chemical stimuli, providing unprecedented control over viscoelastic properties. CANs represent a highly capable material that serves as a powerful tool to improve mechanical properties and processing in a wide variety of polymer applications, including composites, hydrogels, and shape-memory polymers. This review aims to highlight the enabling material properties of CANs and the applied fields where the CAN concept has been embraced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. McBride
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;, , , ,
| | - Brady T. Worrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;, , , ,
| | - Tobin Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;, , , ,
| | - Lewis M. Cox
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Nancy Sowan
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;,
| | - Chen Wang
- Formlabs Inc., Somerville, Massachusetts 02143, USA
| | - Maciej Podgorski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;, , , ,
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alina M. Martinez
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;,
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA;, , , ,
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9
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Sun S, Oliveira BL, Jiménez‐Osés G, Bernardes GJL. Radical-Mediated Thiol-Ene Strategy: Photoactivation of Thiol-Containing Drugs in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15832-15835. [PMID: 30300959 PMCID: PMC6391964 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivated drugs provide an opportunity to improve efficacy alongside reducing side-effects in the treatment of severe diseases such as cancer. Described herein is a photoactivation decaging method of isobutylene-caged thiols through a UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction. The method was demonstrated with an isobutylene-caged cysteine, cyclic disulfide-peptide, and thiol-containing drug, all of which were rapidly and efficiently released under mild UV irradiation in the presence of thiol sources and a photoinitiator. Importantly, it is shown that the activity of histone deacetylase inhibitor largazole can be switched off when stapled, but selectively switched on within cancer cells when irradiated with non-phototoxic light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
| | - Bruno L. Oliveira
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez‐Osés
- Departamento de Química.Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química.Universidad de La Rioja26006LogroñoSpain
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAvenida Professor Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
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10
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Sun S, Oliveira BL, Jiménez-Osés G, Bernardes GJL. Radical-Mediated Thiol-Ene Strategy: Photoactivation of Thiol-Containing Drugs in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - Bruno L. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Departamento de Química.; Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química.; Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; Avenida Professor Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
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11
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Qian X, Chen Q, Yang Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Wu Y, Wei Y, Ji Y. Untethered Recyclable Tubular Actuators with Versatile Locomotion for Soft Continuum Robots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801103. [PMID: 29806242 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials offer a distinguished platform to build tether-free compact soft robots, which can combine sensing and actuation without a linked power supply. In the past, tubular soft robots have to be made by multiple components with various internal channels or complex cavities assembled together. Moreover, robust processing, complex locomotion, simple structure, and easy recyclability represent major challenges in this area. Here, it is shown that those challenges can be tackled by liquid crystalline elastomers with allyl sulfide functional groups. The light-controlled exchange reaction between allyl sulfide groups allows flexible processing of tubular soft robots/actuators, which does not need any assisting materials. Complex locomotion demonstrated here includes reversible simultaneous bending and elongation; reversible diameter expansion; and omnidirectional bending via remote infrared light control. Different modes of actuation can be programmed into the same tube without the routine assembly of multiple tubes as used in the past. In addition, the exchange reaction also makes it possible to use the same single tube repeatedly to perform different functions by erasing and reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanshuang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yahe Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanotechnology and Institute of Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, China
| | - Yan Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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12
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Jangizehi A, Ghaffarian SR, Schmolke W, Seiffert S. Dominance of Chain Entanglement over Transient Sticking on Chain Dynamics in Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Polymer Networks in the Melt. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - S. Reza Ghaffarian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Willi Schmolke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
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13
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Chen M, Gu Y, Singh A, Zhong M, Jordan AM, Biswas S, Korley LTJ, Balazs AC, Johnson JA. Living Additive Manufacturing: Transformation of Parent Gels into Diversely Functionalized Daughter Gels Made Possible by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:124-134. [PMID: 28280779 PMCID: PMC5324084 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Light-initiated additive manufacturing techniques typically rely on layer-by-layer addition or continuous extraction of polymers formed via nonliving, free radical polymerization methods that render the final materials "dead" toward further monomer insertion; the polymer chains within the materials cannot be reactivated to induce chain extension. An alternative "living additive manufacturing" strategy would involve the use of photocontrolled living radical polymerization to spatiotemporally insert monomers into dormant "parent" materials to generate more complex and diversely functionalized "daughter" materials. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept study of living additive manufacturing using end-linked polymer gels embedded with trithiocarbonate iniferters that can be activated by photoinduced single-electron transfer from an organic photoredox catalyst in solution. This system enables the synthesis of a wide range of chemically and mechanically differentiated daughter gels from a single type of parent gel via light-controlled modification of the parent's average composition, strand length, and/or cross-linking density. Daughter gels that are softer than their parent, stiffer than their parent, larger but with the same modulus as their parent, thermally responsive, polarity responsive, healable, and weldable are all realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Chemical
Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alex M. Jordan
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Santidan Biswas
- Chemical
Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical
Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Meng Y, Yang JC, Lewis CL, Jiang J, Anthamatten M. Photoinscription of Chain Anisotropy into Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0166, United States
| | - Jeh-Chang Yang
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0166, United States
| | - Christopher L. Lewis
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0166, United States
| | - Jisu Jiang
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0166, United States
| | - Mitchell Anthamatten
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0166, United States
- Laboratory of Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1212, United States
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15
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Meng Y, Tsai M, Schmidt GR, Anthamatten M. Gradient-index materials based on thiol-ene networks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8601-8605. [PMID: 25853924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gradient-index (GRIN) optics offer spatially varied refractive indexes that can enhance current imaging technologies. Current methods to fabricate GRIN optics are highly complex and costly. Here we report a simple and efficient method that utilizes commercially available reagents to fabricate polymeric GRIN optics with significant refractive index differences (Δn = 0.04). First, two different mixtures of network precursors are layered and time allotted for molecular diffusion in the liquid state, prior to curing. The resulting, partially mixed layers are UV-cured to yield clear, glassy molecular networks with fixed refractive index gradients. The fully cured network resins exhibit smoothly varying composition and refractive index over centimeter length scales, confirmed by spectroscopy and interferometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- †250 Gavett Hall, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Molly Tsai
- †250 Gavett Hall, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Greg R Schmidt
- ‡275 Wilmot Building, The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Mitchell Anthamatten
- †250 Gavett Hall, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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16
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Wang C, Chatani S, Podgórski M, Bowman CN. Thiol-Michael addition miniemulsion polymerizations: functional nanoparticles and reactive latex films. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-Michael addition polymerization is successfully implemented in a miniemulsion polymerization system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Shunsuke Chatani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- Faculty of Chemistry
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