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Xu J, Guo J, Li S, Yang Y, Lai W, Keoingthong P, Wang S, Zhang L, Dong Q, Zeng Z, Chen Z. Dual Charge Transfer Generated from Stable Mixed-Valence Radical Crystals for Boosting Solar-to-Thermal Conversion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300980. [PMID: 37144542 PMCID: PMC10375089 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Realizing dual charge transfer (CT) based on stable organic radicals in one system is a long-sought goal, however, remains challenging. In this work, a stable mixed-valence radical crystal is designed via a surfactant-assisted method, namely TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC (where TTF = tetrathiafulvalene), containing dual CT interactions. The solubilization of surfactants enables successful co-crystallization of mixed-valence TTF molecules with different polarity in aqueous solutions. Short intermolecular distances between adjacent TTF moieties within TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC facilitate both inter-valence CT (IVCT) between neutral TTF and TTF+• , and inter-radical CT (IRCT) between two TTF+• in radical π-dimer, which are confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state absorption, electron spin resonance measurements, and DFT calculations. Moreover, TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC reveals an open-shell singlet diradical ground state with the antiferromagnetic coupling of 2J = -657 cm-1 and an unprecedented temperature-dependent magnetic property, manifesting the main monoradical characters of IVCT at 113-203 K while the spin-spin interactions in radical dimers of IRCT are predominant at 263-353 K. Notably, dual CT characters endow TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC with strong light absorption over the full solar spectrum and outstanding stability. As a result, TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC exhibits significantly enhanced photothermal property, an increase of 46.6 °C within 180 s upon one-sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Shengkai Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Phouphien Keoingthong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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2
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Shivanna R, Rajaram S, Narayan KS. Role of Charge-Transfer State in Perylene-Based Organic Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Shivanna
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
- Optoelectronics Group; Cavendish Laboratory; University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE; U.K
| | - Sridhar Rajaram
- International Centre for Materials Science; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
- School of Advanced Materials; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research; Bangalore 560064 India
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3
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Study of the Contributions of Donor and Acceptor Photoexcitations to Open Circuit Voltage in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ELECTRONICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics6040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Mitsudo K, Tanaka S, Isobuchi R, Inada T, Mandai H, Korenaga T, Wakamiya A, Murata Y, Suga S. Rh-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cyclization Leading to Benzosilolothiophene Derivatives via Si–H/C–H Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2017; 19:2564-2567. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Mitsudo
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tanaka
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Isobuchi
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Inada
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mandai
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate-ken 020-8551, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Research
Center of New Functional Materials for Energy Production, Storage
and Transport, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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5
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Menke SM, Sadhanala A, Nikolka M, Ran NA, Ravva MK, Abdel-Azeim S, Stern HL, Wang M, Sirringhaus H, Nguyen TQ, Brédas JL, Bazan GC, Friend RH. Limits for Recombination in a Low Energy Loss Organic Heterojunction. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10736-10744. [PMID: 27809478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor organic solar cells often show high quantum yields for charge collection, but relatively low open-circuit voltages (VOC) limit power conversion efficiencies to around 12%. We report here the behavior of a system, PIPCP:PC61BM, that exhibits very low electronic disorder (Urbach energy less than 27 meV), very high carrier mobilities in the blend (field-effect mobility for holes >10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1), and a very low driving energy for initial charge separation (50 meV). These characteristics should give excellent performance, and indeed, the VOC is high relative to the donor energy gap. However, we find the overall performance is limited by recombination, with formation of lower-lying triplet excitons on the donor accounting for 90% of the recombination. We find this is a bimolecular process that happens on time scales as short as 100 ps. Thus, although the absence of disorder and the associated high carrier mobility speeds up charge diffusion and extraction at the electrodes, which we measure as early as 1 ns, this also speeds up the recombination channel, giving overall a modest quantum yield of around 60%. We discuss strategies to remove the triplet exciton recombination channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matthew Menke
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Nikolka
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Niva A Ran
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Mahesh Kumar Ravva
- Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwat Abdel-Azeim
- Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hannah L Stern
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Solar & Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J.J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Guan Z, Li HW, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Yang Q, Lo MF, Ng TW, Tsang SW, Lee CS. Evidence of Delocalization in Charge-Transfer State Manifold for Donor:Acceptor Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21798-21805. [PMID: 27482867 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
How charge-transfer states (CTSs) assist charge separation of a Coulombically bound exciton in organic photovoltaics has been a hot topic. It is believed that the delocalization feature of a CTS plays a crucial role in the charge separation process. However, the delocalization of the "hot" and the "relaxed" CTSs is still under debate. Here, with a novel frequency dependent charge-modulated electroabsorption spectroscopy (CMEAS) technique, we elucidate clearly that both "hot" and "relaxed" CTSs are loosely bound and delocalized states. This is confirmed by comparing the CMEAS results of CTSs with those of localized polaron states. Our results reveal the role of CTS delocalization on charge separation and indicate that no substantial delocalization gradient exists in CTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ho-Wa Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Qingdan Yang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Fai Lo
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Wai Ng
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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7
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Yang QD, Li HW, Cheng Y, Guan Z, Liu T, Ng TW, Lee CS, Tsang SW. Probing the Energy Level Alignment and the Correlation with Open-Circuit Voltage in Solution-Processed Polymeric Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7283-7290. [PMID: 26926667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Energy level alignment at the organic donor and acceptor interface is a key to determine the photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells, but direct probing of such energy alignment is still challenging especially for solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films. Here we report a systematic investigation on probing the energy level alignment with different approaches in five commonly used polymer:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) BHJ systems. We find that by tuning the weight ratio of polymer to PCBM the electronic features from both polymer and PCBM can be obtained by photoemission spectroscopy. Using this approach, we find that some of the BHJ blends simply follow vacuum level alignment, but others show strong energy level shifting as a result of Fermi level pinning. Independently, by measuring the temperature-dependent open-circuit voltage (VOC), we find that the effective energy gap (Eeff), the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital of the polymer donor (EHOMO-D) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the PCBM acceptor (ELUMO-A), obtained by photoemission spectroscopy in all polymer:PCBM blends has an excellent agreement with the extrapolated VOC at 0 K. Consequently, the photovoltage loss of various organic BHJ photovoltaic devices at room temperature is in a range of 0.3-0.6 V. It is believed that the demonstrated direct measurement approach of the energy level alignment in solution-processed organic BHJ will bring deeper insight into the origin of the VOC and the corresponding photovoltage loss mechanism in organic photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dan Yang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ho-Wa Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Taili Liu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Wai Ng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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8
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Ran NA, Love JA, Takacs CJ, Sadhanala A, Beavers JK, Collins SD, Huang Y, Wang M, Friend RH, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Harvesting the Full Potential of Photons with Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1482-1488. [PMID: 26663421 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A low-bandgap polymer:fullerene blend that has significantly reduced energetic losses from photon absorption to VOC is described. The charge-transfer state and polymer singlet are of nearly equal energy, yet the short-circuit current still reaches 14 mA cm(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niva A Ran
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - John A Love
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Christopher J Takacs
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Justin K Beavers
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Samuel D Collins
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ye Huang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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