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Zhao J, Fan X, Fang W, Xiao W, Sun F, Li C, Wei X, Tao J, Wang Y, Kumar S. High-Performance Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing Based on Toroidal Dipole in All-Dielectric Metasurface. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3943. [PMID: 38931726 PMCID: PMC11207541 DOI: 10.3390/s24123943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This article shows an all-dielectric metasurface consisting of "H"-shaped silicon disks with tilted splitting gaps, which can detect the temperature and refractive index (RI). By introducing asymmetry parameters that excite the quasi-BIC, there are three distinct Fano resonances with nearly 100% modulation depth, and the maximal quality factor (Q-factor) is over 104. The predominant roles of different electromagnetic excitations in three distinct modes are demonstrated through near-field analysis and multipole decomposition. A numerical analysis of resonance response based on different refractive indices reveals a RI sensitivity of 262 nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 2183 RIU-1. This sensor can detect temperature fluctuations with a temperature sensitivity of 59.5 pm/k. The proposed metasurface provides a novel method to induce powerful TD resonances and offers possibilities for the design of high-performance sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Xinye Fan
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Wenxing Xiao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Fangxin Sun
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (J.Z.)
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jifang Tao
- College of Information Science and Engineering (ISE), Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Ningbo Xingke Metal Materials Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522302, India
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Sun F, Fan X, Fang W, Zhao J, Xiao W, Li C, Wei X, Tao J, Wang Y, Kumar S. Multiple toroidal dipole Fano resonances from quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18087-18098. [PMID: 38858973 DOI: 10.1364/oe.525196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly sensitive sensor consisting of a silicon nanorod and symmetric rings (SNSR) is presented. Theoretically, three Fano resonances with high Q-factors are excited in the near-infrared range by breaking the symmetry structure based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (Q-BICs). The electromagnetic near-field analysis confirms that the resonances are mainly controlled by toroidal dipole (TD) resonance. The structure is optimized by adjusting different geometrical parameters, and the maximum Q-factor of the Fano resonances can reach 7427. To evaluate the sensing performance of the structure, the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) are calculated by adjusting the environmental refractive index: the maximum sensitivity of 474 nm/RIU and the maximum FOM of 3306 RIU-1. The SNSR can be fabricated by semiconductor-compatible processes, which is experimentally evaluated for changes in transmission spectra at different solution concentrations. The results show that the sensitivity and the Q-factor of the designed metasurface can reach 295 nm/RIU and 850, while the FOM can reach 235 RIU-1. Therefore, the metasurface of SNSR is characterized by high sensitivity and multi-wavelength sensing, which are current research hotspots in the field of optics and can be applied to biomedical sensing and multi-target detection.
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3
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Chen H, Fan X, Fang W, Zhang B, Cao S, Sun Q, Wang D, Niu H, Li C, Wei X, Bai C, Kumar S. High-Q Fano resonances in all-dielectric metastructures for enhanced optical biosensing applications. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:294-305. [PMID: 38223189 PMCID: PMC10783900 DOI: 10.1364/boe.510149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fano resonance with high Q-factor is considered to play an important role in the field of refractive index sensing. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate a refractive index sensor with high performance, realizing a new approach to excite multiple Fano resonances of high Q-factor by introducing an asymmetric parameter to generate a quasi-bound state in the continuum (BIC). Combined with the electromagnetic properties, the formation mechanism of Fano resonances in multiple different excitation modes is analyzed and the resonant modes of the three resonant peaks are analyzed as toroidal dipole (TD), magnetic quadrupole (MQ), and magnetic dipole (MD), respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed metastructure has excellent sensing properties with a Q-factor of 3668, sensitivity of 350 nm/RIU, and figure of merit (FOM) of 1000. Furthermore, the metastructure has been fabricated and investigated experimentally, and the result shows that its maximum Q-factor, sensitivity and FOM can reach 634, 233 nm/RIU and 115, respectively. The proposed metastructure is believed to further contribute to the development of biosensors, nonlinear optics, and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Chen
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xinye Fan
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Wenjing Fang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cao
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qinghe Sun
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Huijuan Niu
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Chuanchuan Li
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenglin Bai
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Industrial-Internet Research and Application, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- School of Physics Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng 252000, China
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KL Deemed to be University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
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4
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Yu Y, Sun BO. Electromagnetic characteristics of antisymmetric toroidal dipole array of plasmonic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32311-32321. [PMID: 37859037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
An antisymmetric toroidal dipole array of plasmonic metasurfaces, whose unit cell consisted of a pair of physically connected asymmetric split-ring resonators, is presented in this study. Moreover, a new paradigm was established to control toroidal electric dipole properties. Toroidal electric dipoles and electric and magnetic hybrid pseudo-anapole states are excited owing to imperfect and perfect destructive interference, respectively, which leads to the spatial separation of the electric and magnetic fields and a distinct asymmetric Fano line shape in the transmission spectrum. The imperfect destructive interference was further modified by adjusting the relative position between the even and odd layers of the metasurfaces. The scattered power of the toroidal electric dipole is tuned continuously and linearly, which enables the tailoring of the electromagnetic response. The displacement sensitivity is approximately 0.13 GHz/mm over the range 0-8 mm. The modulation depth of the scattered power of the toroidal electric dipole can reach 740%, realising a toroidal electric-dipole-to-electric-dipole transition. The proposed plasmonic metasurfaces provide a platform to efficiently control near-field enhancement, far-field radiation, and electric-magnetic separation and find potential applications in frequency-selective surfaces, sensors, filters, spectroscopic tests, and many other areas.
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Tang Q, Zhang D, Liu T, Liu W, Liao Q, He J, Xiao S, Yu T. Enhancing Faraday and Kerr rotations based on the toroidal dipole mode in an all-dielectric magneto-optical metasurface. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3451-3454. [PMID: 37390153 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The magneto-optical Faraday and Kerr effects are widely used in modern optical devices. In this Letter, we propose an all-dielectric metasurface composed of perforated magneto-optical thin films, which can support the highly confined toroidal dipole resonance and provide full overlap between the localized electromagnetic field and the thin film, and consequently enhance the magneto-optical effects to an unprecedented degree. The numerical results based on the finite element method show that the Faraday and Kerr rotations can reach -13.59° and 8.19° in the vicinity of toroidal dipole resonance, which are 21.2 and 32.8 times stronger than those in the equivalent thickness of thin films. In addition, we design an environment refractive index sensor based on the resonantly enhanced Faraday and Kerr rotations, with sensitivities of 62.96 nm/RIU and 73.16 nm/RIU, and the corresponding maximum figures of merit 132.22°/RIU and 429.45°/RIU, respectively. This work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, strategy for enhancing the magneto-optical effects at nanoscale, and paves the way for the research and development of magneto-optical metadevices such as sensors, memories, and circuits.
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6
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You S, Zhang Y, Fan M, Luo S, Zhou C. Strong light-matter interactions of exciton in bulk WS 2 and a toroidal dipole resonance. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1530-1533. [PMID: 36946970 DOI: 10.1364/ol.481063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritonic states are generated by strong interactions between photons and excitons in nanocavities. Bulk transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) host excitons with a large binding energy at room temperature, and thus are regarded as an ideal platform for realizing exciton-polaritons. In this work, we investigate the strong coupling properties between high-Q toroidal dipole (TD) resonance and bulk WS2 excitons in a hybrid metasurface, consisting of Si3N4 nanodisk arrays with embedded WS2. Multipole decomposition and near-field distribution confirm that Si3N4 nanodisk arrays support strong TD resonance. The TD resonance wavelength is easily tuned to overlap with the bulk WS2 exciton wavelength, and strong coupling is observed when the bulk WS2 is integrated with the hollow nanodisk and the oscillator strength of the WS2 material is adjusted to be greater than 0.6. The Rabi splitting of the hybrid device is up to 65 meV. In addition, strong coupling is confirmed by the anticrossing of fluorescence enhancement in the hybrid Si3N4-WS2 metastructure. Our findings are expected to be of importance for both fundamental research in TMDC-based light-matter interactions and practical applications in the design of high-performance exciton-polariton devices.
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Ma Z, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Lou J, Zhao P, Zhang B, Wang Y, Yu Y, Sun W, Yan Y, Yang X, Sun L, Wang R, Chang C, Li X, Du X. Identification and quantitative detection of two pathogenic bacteria based on a terahertz metasensor. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:515-521. [PMID: 36519408 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection can cause a series of diseases and play a vital role in medical care. Therefore, early diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria is crucial for effective treatment and the prevention of further infection. However, restricted by the current technology, bacterial detection is usually time-consuming and laborious and the samples need tedious processing even to be tested. Herein, we present a terahertz metasensor based on the coupling of electrical and toroidal dipoles to achieve rapid, non-destructive, label-free identification and highly sensitive quantitative detection of the two most common pathogenic bacteria. The reinforcement of the toroidal dipole significantly boosts the light-matter interactions around the surface of the microstructure, and thus the sensitivity and Q factor of the designed metasensor reach as high as 378 GHz per refractive index unit (RIU) and 21.28, respectively. Combined with the aforementioned advantages, the proposed metasensor successfully identified Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and quantitatively detected four concentrations with the lowest detectable concentration being ∼104 cfu mL-1 in the experiment. This work naturally enriches the research on THz metasensors based on the interference mechanism and inspires more innovations to facilitate the development of biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Chiben Zhang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Pengyue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xingpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Lang Sun
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Zhao X, Jiao Y, Liang J, Lou J, Zhang J, Lv J, Du X, Shen L, Zheng B, Cai T. Multifield-Controlled Terahertz Hybrid Metasurface for Switches and Logic Operations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3765. [PMID: 36364542 PMCID: PMC9658003 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) meta-devices are considered to be a promising framework for constructing integrated photonic circuitry, which is significant for processing the upsurge of data brought about by next-generation telecommunications. However, present active metasurfaces are typically restricted by a single external driving field, a single modulated frequency, fixed switching speed, and deficiency in logical operation functions which prevents devices from further practical applications. Here, to overcome these limitations, we propose a hybrid THz metasurface consisting of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and germanium (Ge) that enables electrical and optical tuning methods individually or simultaneously and theoretically investigate its performance. Each of the two materials is arranged in the meta-atom to dominate the resonance strength of toroidal or magnetic dipoles. Controlled by either or both of the external excitations, the device can switch on or off at four different frequencies, possessing two temporal degrees of freedom in terms of manipulation when considering the nonvolatility of VO2 and ultrafast photogenerated carriers of Ge. Furthermore, the "AND" and "OR" logic operations are respectively achieved at two adjacent frequency bands by weighing normalized transmission amplitude. This work may provide an auspicious paradigm of THz components, such as dynamic filters, multiband switches, and logical modulators, potentially promoting the design and implementation of multifunctional electro-optical devices in future THz computing and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilai Zhao
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Jiangang Liang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
| | - Jiawen Lv
- China Nuclear Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100024, China
| | - Lian Shen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Sun L, Xu L, Wang J, Jiao Y, Ma Z, Ma Z, Chang C, Yang X, Wang R. A pixelated frequency-agile metasurface for broadband terahertz molecular fingerprint sensing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9681-9685. [PMID: 35723251 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01561g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) plasmonic resonance based on an arbitrarily designed resonance metasurface is the key technique of choice for enhancing fingerprint absorption spectroscopy identification of biomolecules. Here, we report a broadband THz micro-photonics sensor based on a pixelated frequency-agile metasurface and illustrate its application ability to enhance and differentiate the detection of broadband absorption fingerprint spectra. The design uses symmetrical metal C-shape resonators with the functional graphene micro-ribbons selectively patterned into the gaps. A strong electric resonance with a high quality factor was formed, consisting of an electric dipole mode associated with the excitation of a dark toroidal dipole (TD) mode through the coupling from the electric dipole moment of the individual frequency-agile meta-unit. The resonance positions are nearly linearly modulated with the varying Fermi level of graphene. The configuration arranges a certain metapixel of the metasurface to multiple response spectra assembling a one-to-many mapping between spatial and spectral information which is instrumental in greatly shrinking the actual size of the sensor. By the synchronous regulation of graphene and C-shape rings, we have obtained highly surface-sensitive resonances over a wide spectral range (∼1.5 THz) with a spectral resolution less than 20 GHz. The target multiple enhanced absorption spectrum of glucose molecules is read out in a broadband region with high sensitivity. More importantly, the design can be extended to cover a larger spectral region by altering the range of geometrical parameters. Our microphotonic technique can resolve absorption fingerprints without the need for spectrometry and frequency scanning, thereby providing an approach for highly sensitive and versatile miniaturized THz spectroscopy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Sun
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Advanced Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghong Ma
- The Science and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education, China
| | - Zhaofu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Lin H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Lin KT, Wen X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Lau AKT, Ma T, Qiu CW, Jia B. Engineering van der Waals Materials for Advanced Metaphotonics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15204-15355. [PMID: 35749269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D materials, together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires deep subwavelength light-matter interaction to achieve optical functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability, evoking new science on light-matter interaction, leading to leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement, insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of 2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast emerging and prosperous field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yao Liang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Fu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Kin Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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11
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Wang H, Yu Y, Zeng R, Sun B, Yang W. Actively tunable toroidal response in microwave metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:13320-13330. [PMID: 35472947 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toroidal dipole moment has attracted much attention in recent years due to their novel electromagnetic response such as non-reciprocal interactions and unusual low-radiating manifestations. However, most of the previously reported toroidal dipole moment are incapable of real-time control of direction and intensity. In this paper, an actively tunable toroidal metamaterials are proposed to achieve programmable toroidal dipole manipulations with electric control. The intensity and direction of toroidal dipole can be sensitively regulated by electrically controlling the loaded diodes. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that the toroidal dipole could be dynamically switched to the electric and magnetic dipole. Meantime, the direction of toroidal dipole also could be controlled. Experimental and numerical results, in good agreement, demonstrate good performance of the proposed toroidal metamaterials, with potential applications in modulators, sensors, and filters.
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12
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Li J, Shao J, Li X, Shi Z, Wang Y. Incident-angle-insensitive toroidal metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8510-8516. [PMID: 35299302 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The incident-angle-insensitive toroidal dipole resonance on an asymmetric double-disk metamaterial is investigated in the near infrared band. Numerical results show that when the incident angle of excitation light varies from 0° to 90°, our metastructure not only always maintains stable toroidal dipole resonance characteristics, but also presents an excellent local field confinement. Under normal incidence, the polarization angle accessible to a dominant toroidal dipole resonance can be expanded to 70° in spite of the weakened electric field amplitude probed in the gap-layer. Moreover, the dependent relationships of toroidal dipole resonance on the radial asymmetry Δr and gap distance are also explored. The local electric field amplitude can also reach a maximum by structural optimization. The works enrich the research of toroidal moment and provide more application potentials in optical devices.
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Bhattacharya A, Sarkar R, Kumar G. Toroidal electromagnetically induced transparency based meta-surfaces and its applications. iScience 2022; 25:103708. [PMID: 35059611 PMCID: PMC8760412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The vigorous research on low-loss photonic devices has brought significance to a new kind of electromagnetic excitation, known as toroidal resonances. Toroidal excitation, possessing high-quality factor and narrow linewidth of the resonances, has found profound applications in metamaterial (MM) devices. By the coupling of toroidal dipolar resonance to traditional electric/magnetic resonances, a metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency effect (EIT) has been developed. Toroidal induced EIT has demonstrated intriguing properties including steep linear dispersion in transparency windows, often leading to elevated group refractive index in the material. This review summarizes the brief history and properties of the toroidal resonance, its identification in metamaterials, and their applications. Further, numerous theoretical and experimental demonstrations of single and multiband EIT effects in toroidal-dipole-based metamaterials and its applications are discussed. The study of toroidal-based EIT has numerous potential applications in the development of biomolecular sensing, slow light systems, switches, and refractive index sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Rakesh Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gagan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Bhattacharya A, Sarkar R, Sharma NK, Bhowmik BK, Ahmad A, Kumar G. Multiband transparency effect induced by toroidal excitation in a strongly coupled planar terahertz metamaterial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19186. [PMID: 34584141 PMCID: PMC8478916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiband transparency effect in terahertz (THz) domain has intrigued the scientific community due to its significance in developing THz multiband devices. In this article, we have proposed a planar metamaterial geometry comprised of a toroidal split ring resonator (TSRR) flanked by two asymmetric C resonators. The proposed geometry results in multi-band transparency windows in the THz region via strong near field coupling of the toroidal excitation with the dipolar C-resonators of the meta molecule. The geometry displays dominant toroidal excitation as demonstrated by a multipolar analysis of scattered radiation. High Q factor resonances of the metamaterial configuration is reported which can find significance in sensing applications. We report the frequency modulation of transparency windows by changing the separation between TSRR and the C resonators. The numerically simulated findings have been interpreted and validated using an equivalent theoretical model based upon three coupled oscillators system. Such modeling of toroidal resonances may be utilized in future studies on toroidal excitation based EIT responses in metamaterials. Our study has the potential to impact the development of terahertz photonic components useful in building next generation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Bhattacharya
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Rakesh Sarkar
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Naval K. Sharma
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Bhairov K. Bhowmik
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Amir Ahmad
- grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gagan Kumar
- grid.417972.e0000 0001 1887 8311Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
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Yang L, Yu S, Li H, Zhao T. Multiple Fano resonances excitation on all-dielectric nanohole arrays metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:14905-14916. [PMID: 33985202 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both toroidal dipoles, electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles belong to one type of electromagnetic excitation. In this paper, we present an all-dielectric metasurface composed of an array of square nanoholes. It can simultaneously generate four resonance responses excited by TD, EQ and MD in the continuous near-infrared band. By introducing the in-plane symmetry breaking of the unit cell, asymmetric dielectric nanohole arrays are used to achieve two quasi-BIC resonance modes with high Q-factors excited by EQ and MD. The paper theoretically analyzes and demonstrates the relationship between structural asymmetry and the radiative Q-factor of two Fano resonances, that are governed by symmetry-protected BICs. And multipole decomposition and near-field analysis are performed to demonstrate the dominant role of various electromagnetic excitations in the four modes. The spectra response is also calculated for different incident polarization angles and medium refractive indices. The proposed metasurface is more feasible and practical compared to other complex nanostructures, which may open avenues for the development of applications such as biochemical sensing, optical switches and optical modulators, and provide a reference for the design of devices with polarization-independent properties.
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Yan F, Li Q, Wang Z, Tian H, Li L. Extremely high Q-factor terahertz metasurface using reconstructive coherent mode resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:7015-7023. [PMID: 33726211 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High Q-factor resonance has a pivotal role in wide applications for manipulating electromagnetic waves. However, high Q-factor resonance, especially in the terahertz (THz) regime, has been a challenge faced by plasmonic metamaterials due to the inherent ohmic and radiation losses. Here, we theoretically present a unique metasurface scheme to produce extremely high Q-factor Fano resonance of the reconstructive coherent mode in the THz regime. The THz metasurface is composed of periodically arranged vertical symmetric split ring resonators (SRRs), which can produce perfect reconstructive coherent coupling effect in the sense that dipole radiation is destructively suppressed. Under the polarized electric field perpendicular to SRR gap, the surface currents are out of phase for an individual SRR, leading to the cancellation of net dipole moment. The reconstructive coherent mode resonance can occur between each SRR and its neighboring SRRs, accompanied by destructive interference of the scattered fields of each SRR. This is due to the coupling between the localized resonance of individual particles and the Rayleigh anomaly of the array. The proposed metasurface can significantly suppress far-field radiation and perform an extremely high Q-factor beyond 104 level with large modulation depth in the THz region, which pushes the advancement of THz high Q-factor resonance. The extremely high Q-factor of reconstructive coherent mode is tunable by adjusting the geometry parameters. The design strategy is useful to develop ultra-sensitive sensors, narrow-band filters and strong interaction of field-matter in the THz regime.
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Li J, Chen P, Wang Y, Dong Z, Wang Y. Toroidal dipole resonance in an asymmetric double-disk metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:38076-38082. [PMID: 33379627 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toroidal dipole response in metamaterials was usually based on a complex structure with special arrangements or symmetries. In this paper, we propose an asymmetric double-disk metamaterial to numerically and experimentally demonstrate the toroidal dipole response in microwave frequency range. When the upper disk has an offset angle θ ranging from 0 to 100 degrees with respect to the lower one, the toroidal dipole resonance always plays the decisive role, which has been proved by calculating the scattered power in terms of the multipole scattering theory. Besides, the dependence of toroidal dipole response on structural parameters has been explored. Our works enrich the research of toroidal moment and, meanwhile, present more application potentials in meta-devices from microwave to optical regime.
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Zhou C, Li S, Fan M, Wang X, Xu Y, Xu W, Xiao S, Hu M, Liu J. Optical radiation manipulation of Si-Ge 2Sb 2Te 5 hybrid metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9690-9701. [PMID: 32225571 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Active optical metadevices have attracted growing interest for the use in nanophotonics owing to their flexible control of optics. In this work, by introducing the phase-changing material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), which exhibits remarkably different optical properties in different crystalline states, we investigate the active optical radiation manipulation of a resonant silicon metasurface. A designed double-nanodisk array supports a strong toroidal dipole excitation and an obvious electric dipole response. When GST is added, the toroidal response is suppressed, and the toroidal and electric dipoles exhibit pronounced destructive interference owing to the similarity of their far-field radiation patterns. When the crystallization ratio of GST is varied, the optical radiation strength and spectral position of the scattering minimum can be dynamically controlled. Our work provides a route to flexible optical radiation modulation using metasurfaces.
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Wang J, Tian H, Li S, Li L, Wang G, Gao J, Guo W, Zhou Z. Efficient terahertz polarization conversion with hybrid coupling of chiral metamaterial. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1276-1279. [PMID: 32108824 DOI: 10.1364/ol.388722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose an ultrathin terahertz waveplate of bi-layer chiral metamaterial for cross-polarization conversion at asymmetric transmission. The chiral metamaterial is constructed with hybrid coupling plasmonic resonators of a concentric ring and a double-split ring. The terahertz metamaterial can efficiently convert the ${y}$y-polarized wave into the ${x}$x-polarized wave with the cross-polarized transmittance over 97% and the polarization conversion ratio of 99% in simulation. The asymmetric transmission parameter, defined by the difference between two opposite propagating transmittances, can be as high as 0.9. The operation frequency and efficiency are geometrically adjustable with the ring size by exploiting the hybrid coupling effect of electric and magnetic resonances. The presented metamaterial enables the functionality of the nonreciprocal terahertz waveplate with high isolation.
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Nagarajan A, van Erve K, Gerini G. Ultra-narrowband polarization insensitive transmission filter using a coupled dielectric-metal metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:773-787. [PMID: 32118999 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A coupled dielectric-metal metasurface (CDMM) filter consisting of amorphous silicon (a-Si) rings and subwavelength holes in Au layer separated by a SiO2 layer is presented. The design parameters of the CDMM filter is numerically optimized to have a polarization independent peak transmittance of 0.55 at 1540 nm with a Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of 10 nm. The filter also has a 100 nm quiet zone with ∼10-2 transmittance. A radiating two-oscillator model reveals the fundamental resonances in the filter which interfere to produce the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) like effect. Multipole expansion of the currents in the structure validates the fundamental resonances predicted by the two-oscillator model. The presented CDMM filter is robust to artifacts in device fabrication and has performances comparable to a conventional Fabry-Pérot filter. However, it is easier to be integrated in image sensors as the transmittance peak can be tuned by only changing the periodicity resulting in a planar structure with a fixed height.
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21
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Zhang G, Lan C, Gao R, Wen Y, Zhou J. Toroidal Dipole Resonances in All‐Dielectric Oligomer Metasurfaces. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chuwen Lan
- Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information NetworksBeijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and ConvergenceSchool of Information and Communication EngineeringBeijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Rui Gao
- High Temperature Thermochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Mining and Materials EngineeringMcGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Yongzheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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22
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The Observation of High-Order Charge–Current Configurations in Plasmonic Meta-Atoms: A Numerical Approach. PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Living in a world of resonances, there have been significant progresses in the field of excitation of pronounced and multifunctional moments across a wide range of optical frequencies. Among all acknowledged resonances, the toroidal multipoles have received copious interest in recent years due to possessing inherent signatures in nature. As a fundamental member, toroidal dipole is a strongly localized electromagnetic excitation based on charge–current configurations, which can be squeezed into an extremely small spot. Although there have been extensive studies on the behavior and properties of toroidal dipoles in order to develop all-optical devices based on this technology, so far, all analyses are restricted to the first (1st) order toroidal dipoles. In this work, using a practical technique, we successfully observed exquisite multi-loop super-toroidal (MLST) spectral features in a planar multipixel metallodielectric meta-atom. Employing the theory behind the excitation of multi-loop currents, we numerically and theoretically demonstrated that a traditional toroidal dipole can be transformed into a super-toroidal moment by varying the dielectric permittivity of the capacitive gaps between proximal pixels. This understanding introduces a new approach for the excitation of complex multi-loop toroidal moments in plasmonic metamaterials with high sensitivity, applicable for various nanophotonics applications from sensing to filtering.
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Chen S, Li Z, Liu W, Cheng H, Tian J. From Single-Dimensional to Multidimensional Manipulation of Optical Waves with Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802458. [PMID: 30767285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, 2D artificial arrays of subwavelength elements, have attracted great interest from the optical scientific community in recent years because they provide versatile possibilities for the manipulation of optical waves and promise an effective way for miniaturization and integration of optical devices. In the past decade, the main efforts were focused on the realization of single-dimensional (amplitude, frequency, polarization, or phase) manipulation of optical waves. Compared to the metasurfaces with single-dimensional manipulation, metasurfaces with multidimensional manipulation of optical waves show significant advantages in many practical application areas, such as optical holograms, sub-diffraction imaging, and the design of integrated multifunctional optical devices. Nowadays, with the rapid development of nanofabrication techniques, the research of metasurfaces has been inevitably developed from single-dimensional manipulation toward multidimensional manipulation of optical waves, which greatly boosts the application of metasurfaces and further paves the way for arbitrary design of optical devices. Herein, the recent advances in metasurfaces are briefly reviewed and classified from the viewpoint of different dimensional manipulations of optical waves. Single-dimensional manipulation and 2D manipulation of optical waves with metasurfaces are discussed systematically. In conclusion, an outlook and perspectives on the challenges and future prospects in these rapidly growing research areas are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Zhancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
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Song Z, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Liu Z. Terahertz toroidal metamaterial with tunable properties. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:5792-5797. [PMID: 30876174 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.005792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a tunable metamodulator to work at terahertz frequencies by employing the dependency of toroidal dipolar resonance on the conductivity of vanadium dioxide. Numerical results show that toroidal dipolar resonance in the proposed planar structure can be observed around 0.288 THz in transmission spectrum. From the distribution of the anti-phase current flowing in the symmetric split ring resonator, the formation of toroidal dipole is validated. Our design may have potential applications in advanced terahertz devices, such as filter, plasmonic sensor, and fast switch.
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Zeng XX, Wang R, Xi XQ, Li B, Zhou J. Terahertz rare-earth orthoferrite metamaterials by 3-D direct writing technology. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17056-17065. [PMID: 30119523 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation excites electronic and optical modes of many materials, and controlling interaction of these materials with THz pulses provides a fascinating avenue to achieve unprecedented functionalities in return. Here, woodpile-structured rare-earth orthoferrite metamaterials built with 3-D direct ink writing technology are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Polarization-independent THz refraction and switching of resonances by varying the number of layers in the structure, as well as the structural parameters and specimen support angle are achieved. Such all-rare-earth-orthoferrite dielectric metamaterials are easy to fabricate and can be very promising in developing efficient and low cost THz functional metadevices.
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Zhang Z, Yang J, He X, Han Y, Zhang J, Huang J, Chen D, Xu S. Active control of broadband plasmon-induced transparency in a terahertz hybrid metal–graphene metamaterial. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27746-27753. [PMID: 35542740 PMCID: PMC9083892 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid metal–graphene metamaterial (MM) is reported to achieve active control of broadband plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in the THz region. The unit cell consists of one cut wire (CW), four U-shaped resonators (USRs) and monolayer graphene sheets under the USRs. Via near-field coupling, broadband PIT can be produced through the interference between different modes. Based on different arrangements of graphene positions, not only can we achieve electrical switching of the amplitude of broadband PIT, but can also realize modulation of the bandwidth of the transparent window. Simultaneously, both the capability and region of slow light can be dynamically tunable. This work provides schemes to manipulate PIT with more degrees of freedom, which will find significant applications in multifunctional THz modulation. A hybrid metal–graphene metamaterial (MM) is reported to achieve active control of broadband plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) in the THz region.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Zhang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
| | - Junbo Yang
- Center of Material Science
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
| | - Xin He
- Center of Material Science
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
| | - Yunxin Han
- Center of Material Science
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
| | - Dingbo Chen
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
| | - Siyu Xu
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences
- National University of Defense Technology
- Changsha 410073
- China
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