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Sengupta R, Khand H, Sarusi G. THz Metamaterial Sensitivity Enhancement by Reduction of Substrate's Fabry-Pérot Oscillations Using Back Plates as an Optical De-Coupler. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45107-45118. [PMID: 39143036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a new method for the enhancement of sensitivity in Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy on metamaterial (MM) in terms of its resonance frequency shift (ΔF), by attaching the dielectric back plate to the MM's silicon (Si) wafer. The dielectric back plates are designed to minimize the Fresnel reflections at the backside of the substrate, identical to a broadband antireflective (AR) plate tailored for THz. Utilizing broadband AR technology, we demonstrate the concept of decoupling MM resonance from the substrate's Fabry-Pérot (FP) oscillations. This is done by effectively coupling the THz light out of the high-permittivity substrate, resulting in the improved quality factor of the MM resonance and overall plasmonic enhancement on the metasurface. The back plate acts as a surface plasmonic enhancer to the THz MM by increasing the field intensity on the front metasurface, leading to enhancement of dielectric response (MM's ΔF). This makes the MM resonance ultrasensitive to the minor changes of particle size/concentration under test spread on the metasurface, contributing to enhanced resonance ΔF. The plate also makes the Si substrate optically lossless, enabling the full effect of MM resonance shift and increasing the resonance ΔF by 8-fold compared with MM's fabricated on conventional Si substrates. This research is backed-up with system-level CST simulations and experimental THz impedance spectroscopy of the MM. This method and chip structure is CMOS compatible having potential applications for any resonant MM fabricated on a substrate aimed to maximize dielectric sensitivity for biosensing and nanoparticle THz spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudrarup Sengupta
- Department of Photonics and Electro-Optics Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Heena Khand
- Department of Photonics and Electro-Optics Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Gabby Sarusi
- Department of Photonics and Electro-Optics Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
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2
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Shao M, Li C, Meng C, Liu R, Yu P, Lu F, Zhong Z, Wei X, Zhou J, Zhong MC. Laser-induced microbubble as an in vivo valve for optofluidic manipulation in living Mice's microvessels. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3480-3489. [PMID: 38899528 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Optofluidic regulation of blood microflow in vivo represents a significant method for investigating illnesses linked to abnormal changes in blood circulation. Currently, non-invasive strategies are limited to regulation within capillaries of approximately 10 μm in diameter because the adaption to blood pressure levels in the order of several hundred pascals poses a significant challenge in larger microvessels. In this study, using laser-induced microbubble formation within microvessels of the mouse auricle, we regulate blood microflow in small vessels with diameters in the tens of micrometers. By controlling the laser power, we can control the growth and stability of microbubbles in vivo. This controlled approach enables the achievement of prolonged ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of blood flow, and it can also regulate the microbubbles to function as micro-pumps for reverse blood pumping. Furthermore, by controlling the microbubble, narrow microflow channels can be formed between the microbubbles and microvessels for assessing the apparent viscosity of leukocytes, which is 76.9 ± 11.8 Pa·s in the in vivo blood environment. The proposed design of in vivo microbubble valves opens new avenues for constructing real-time blood regulation and exploring cellular mechanics within living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Changxu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Chun Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Panpan Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Fengya Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zhensheng Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xunbin Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Cancer Hospital and Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Min-Cheng Zhong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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3
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Liu L, Liu W, Wang F, Peng X, Choi DY, Cheng H, Cai Y, Chen S. Ultra-robust informational metasurfaces based on spatial coherence structures engineering. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38834550 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Optical information transmission is vital in modern optics and photonics due to its concurrent and multi-dimensional nature, leading to tremendous applications such as optical microscopy, holography, and optical sensing. Conventional optical information transmission technologies suffer from bulky optical setup and information loss/crosstalk when meeting scatterers or obstacles in the light path. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally realize the simultaneous manipulation of the coherence lengths and coherence structures of the light beams with the disordered metasurfaces. The ultra-robust optical information transmission and self-reconstruction can be realized by the generated partially coherent beam with modulated coherence structure even 93% of light is recklessly obstructed during light transmission, which brings new light to robust optical information transmission with a single metasurface. Our method provides a generic principle for the generalized coherence manipulation on the photonic platform and displays a variety of functionalities advancing capabilities in optical information transmission such as meta-holography and imaging in disordered and perturbative media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Peng
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yangjian Cai
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulation and Applications, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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Han J, Meng F, Guan C, Wang C, Jin T, Cai T, Ding C, Burokur SN, Wu Q, Ding X. Complex-Amplitude Programmable Versatile Metasurface Platform Driven by Guided Wave. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309873. [PMID: 38482743 PMCID: PMC11109637 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have shown unparalleled controllability of electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, most of the metasurfaces need external spatial feeding sources, which renders practical implementation quite challenging. Here, a low-profile programmable metasurface with 0.05λ0 thickness driven by guided waves is proposed to achieve dynamic control of both amplitude and phase simultaneously. The metasurface is fed by a guided wave traveling in a substrate-integrated waveguide, avoiding external spatial sources and complex power divider networks. By manipulating the state of the p-i-n diodes embedded in each meta-atom, the proposed metasurface enables 1-bit amplitude switching between radiating and nonradiating states, as well as a 1-bit phase switching between 0° and 180°. As a proof of concept, two advanced functionalities, namely, low sidelobe-level beam scanning and Airy beam generation, are experimentally demonstrated with a single platform operating in the far- and near-field respectively. Such complex-amplitude, programmable, and low-profile metasurfaces can overcome integration limitations of traditional metasurfaces, and open up new avenues for more accurate and advanced EM wave control within an unprecedented degree of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Qiao Han
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Fan‐Yi Meng
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Guan
- Air and Missile Defense CollegeAir Force Engineering UniversityXi'an710051P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Tong Cai
- Air and Missile Defense CollegeAir Force Engineering UniversityXi'an710051P. R. China
| | - Chang Ding
- Air Force Engineering UniversityXi'an710051P. R. China
| | | | - Qun Wu
- Department of Microwave EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Xumin Ding
- Advanced Microscopy and Instrumentation Research CenterHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesNanjing210096P. R. China
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Yang Z, Gao S, Yue W. Three-fold information encryption based on polarization- and wavelength-multiplexed metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:44139-44147. [PMID: 38178492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Metasurface has garnered significant attention in the field of optical encryption as it allows the integration and occultation of multiple grayscale nanoprinting images on a single platform. However, in most cases, polarization serves as the only key for encryption/decryption, and the risk of being cracked is relatively high. In this study, we propose a three-fold information encryption strategy based on a dielectric metasurface, in which a colorful nanoprinting image and two grayscale images are integrated on such a single platform. Unlike previous works based on the orientation-angle degenerated light intensity, the proposed image encryptions are realized by customizing nanobricks with polarization-mediated similar/different transmission characteristics in either broadband or at discrete wavelengths. Different combinations of polarization and monochromatic wavelengths can form three keys with different levels of decryption complexity as compared to the previous counterpart based merely on polarization. Once illuminated by non-designed wavelengths or polarized light, messy images with false information will be witnessed. Most importantly, all images are safely secured by the designated incidence polarization and cannot be decrypted via an additional analyzer as commonly happens in conventional metasurface-based nanoprinting. The proposed metasurface provides an easy-to-design and easy-to-disguise scheme for multi-channel display and optical information encryption.
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Yang Y, Seong J, Choi M, Park J, Kim G, Kim H, Jeong J, Jung C, Kim J, Jeon G, Lee KI, Yoon DH, Rho J. Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:152. [PMID: 37339970 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoseon Jeon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Lee
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Xia C, Ren Y, Lin P, Wang Y, Xu T. Silicon metasurface-based infrared polarizing beam splitter with on-demand deflection angles. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1722-1725. [PMID: 37221750 DOI: 10.1364/ol.485709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polarizing beam splitters (PBSs) play an important role in applications requiring polarization multiplexing or high polarization purity. Traditional prism-based PBSs usually have large volumes, which hampers their further applications in ultracompact integrated optical systems. Here, we demonstrate a single-layer silicon metasurface-based PBS with the ability to deflect two orthogonally linearly polarized infrared light beams to on-demand angles. The metasurface consists of silicon anisotropic microstructures, which can provide different phase profiles for the two orthogonal polarization states. In experiments, two metasurfaces designed with arbitrary deflection angles for x- and y-polarized light exhibit good splitting performance at an infrared wavelength of 10 μm. We envision that this type of planar and thin PBS can be used in a series of compact thermal infrared systems.
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Zhao J, Vleck AV, Winetraub Y, Du L, Han Y, Aasi S, Sarin KY, de la Zerda A. Rapid Cellular-Resolution Skin Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography Using All-Glass Multifocal Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3442-3451. [PMID: 36745734 PMCID: PMC10619470 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful tool offering noninvasive histology-like imaging. However, like other optical microscopy tools, a high numerical aperture (N.A.) lens is required to generate a tight focus, generating a narrow depth of field, which necessitates dynamic focusing and limiting the imaging speed. To overcome this limitation, we developed a metasurface platform that generates multiple axial foci, which multiplies the volumetric OCT imaging speed by offering several focal planes. This platform offers accurate and flexible control over the number, positions, and intensities of axial foci generated. All-glass metasurface optical elements 8 mm in diameter are fabricated from fused-silica wafers and implemented into our scanning OCT system. With a constant lateral resolution of 1.1 μm over all depths, the multifocal OCT triples the volumetric acquisition speed for dermatological imaging, while still clearly revealing features of stratum corneum, epidermal cells, and dermal-epidermal junctions and offering morphological information as diagnostic criteria for basal cell carcinoma. The imaging speed can be further improved in a sparse sample, e.g., 7-fold with a seven-foci beam. In summary, this work demonstrates the concept of metasurface-based multifocal OCT for rapid virtual biopsy, further providing insights for developing rapid volumetric imaging systems with high resolution and compact volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Aidan Van Vleck
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yonatan Winetraub
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States; Biophysics Program at Stanford, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and The Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley 94720, United States
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sumaira Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kavita Yang Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States; Biophysics Program at Stanford, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, and The Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States; The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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9
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Rahman MA, Kim D, Arora D, Huh JY, Byun JY. Structural Colors on Al Surface via Capped Cu-Si 3N 4 Bilayer Structure. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020471. [PMID: 36838171 PMCID: PMC9963491 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tunable structural colors have a multitude of applications in the beautification of mobile devices, in the decoration of artwork, and in the creation of color filters. In this paper, we describe a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) design that can be used to systematically tune structural colors by altering the thickness of the top metal and intermediate insulator. Cu and Si3N4 were selected as the top metal and intermediate insulator layers, respectively, and various reflection colors were printed on Al. To protect the Cu surface from scratchiness and oxidation, a number of capping layers, including SiO2, LPSQ, PMMA, and the commercially available clear coat ProtectaClear, were applied. In addition to their ability to protect Cu from a humid environment without deteriorating color quality, ProtectaClear and LPSQ coatings have minimal angle dependency. Furthermore, a bilayer of PMMA/SiO2 can protect the Cu surface from the effects of humidity. In addition, the PMMA/SiO2 and ProtectaClear/SiO2 bilayers can also protect against corrosion on the Cu surface. The colors can be tuned by controlling the thickness of either the metal layer or intermediate insulator layer, and vivid structural colors including brown, dark orange, blue, violet, magenta, cyan, green-yellow, and yellow colors can be printed. The measured dielectric functions of Cu thin films do not provide any evidence of the plasmonic effect, and therefore, it is expected that the obtained colors are attributed to thin-film interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Rahman
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyu Kim
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepshikha Arora
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Joo-Youl Huh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Byun
- Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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10
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Li Z, Liu J, Feng L, Pan Y, Tang J, Li H, Cheng G, Li Z, Shi J, Xu Y, Liu W. Monolithic MOF-Based Metal-Insulator-Metal Resonator for Filtering and Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:637-644. [PMID: 36622966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configurations based on Fabry-Pérot resonators have advanced the development of color filtering through interactions between light and matter. However, dynamic color changes without breaking the structure of the MIM resonator upon environmental stimuli are still challenging. Here, we report monolithic metal-organic framework (MOF)-based MIM resonators with tunable bandwidth that can boost both dynamic optical filtering and active chemical sensing by laser-processing microwell arrays on the top metal layer. Programmable tuning of the reflection color of the MOF-based MIM resonator is achieved by controlling the MOF layer thicknesses, which is demonstrated by simulation of light-matter interactions on subwavelength scales. Laser-processed microwell arrays are used to boost sensing performance by extending the pathway for diffusion of external chemicals into nanopores of the MOFs. Both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that tailoring the period and height of the microwell array on the MIM resonator can advance the high detection sensitivity of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Pan
- Electronic Information College, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Cheng
- Electronic Information College, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junqin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
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11
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Xiong B, Liu Y, Xu Y, Deng L, Chen CW, Wang JN, Peng R, Lai Y, Liu Y, Wang M. Breaking the limitation of polarization multiplexing in optical metasurfaces with engineered noise. Science 2023; 379:294-299. [PMID: 36656947 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Noise is usually undesired yet inevitable in science and engineering. However, by introducing the engineered noise to the precise solution of Jones matrix elements, we break the fundamental limit of polarization multiplexing capacity of metasurfaces that roots from the dimension constraints of the Jones matrix. We experimentally demonstrate up to 11 independent holographic images using a single metasurface illuminated by visible light with different polarizations. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest capacity reported for polarization multiplexing. Combining the position multiplexing scheme, the metasurface can generate 36 distinct images, forming a holographic keyboard pattern. This discovery implies a new paradigm for high-capacity optical display, information encryption, and data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yihao Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chao-Wei Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ruwen Peng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yun Lai
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,American Physical Society, 100 Motor Pkwy, Hauppauge, NY 11788, USA
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12
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Du B, Xu Y, Ding H, Jiang W, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Tunable Light Field Modulations with Chip- and Fiber-Compatible Monolithic Dielectric Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 36615979 PMCID: PMC9823379 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces with a high engineering degree of freedom are promising building blocks for applications in metalenses, beam deflectors, metaholograms, sensing, and many others. Though the fundamental and technological challenges, proposing tunable metasurfaces is still possible. Previous efforts in this field are mainly taken on designing sophisticated structures with active materials introduced. Here, we present a generic kind of monolithic dielectric metasurfaces for tunable light field modulations. Changes in the period number and surrounding refractive index enable discrete and continuous modulations of spatial light fields, respectively. We exemplify this concept in monolithic Lithium Niobate metasurfaces for tunable metalenses and beam deflectors. The utilization of monolithic dielectric materials facilitates the ready integration of the metasurfaces with both chip and optical fiber platforms. This concept is not limited by the availability of active materials or expensive and time-consuming fabrication techniques, which can be applied to any transparent dielectric materials and various optical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Du
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yunfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Huimin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Weitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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13
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Wu T, Xu Q, Zhang X, Xu Y, Chen X, Feng X, Niu L, Huang F, Han J, Zhang W. Spin-Decoupled Interference Metasurfaces for Complete Complex-Vectorial-Field Control and Five-Channel Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204664. [PMID: 36285695 PMCID: PMC9762281 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Light is a complex vectorial field characterized by its amplitude, phase, and polarization properties, which can be further represented by four basic parameters, that is, amplitudes and phases of two orthogonally polarized components. Controlling these parameters simultaneously and independently at will using metasurfaces are essential in arbitrarily manipulating the light propagation. However, most of the studies so far commonly require a great number of different meta-atoms or rely on diffraction under oblique incidence, which lack convenience and flexibility in design and implementation. Here, a new metasurface paradigm is proposed that can completely manipulate the amplitudes and phases of two spin components based on the interference effect, where only two different meta-atoms are applied. For proof-of-concept demonstration, two five-channel meta-holograms for imaging and information encryption are designed and experimentally characterized. The interference method provides a simple route toward compact complex and multifunctional meta-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Xieyu Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Xi Feng
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Fan Huang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin University300072TianjinP. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information ProcessingSchool of Optoelectronic EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK74078USA
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14
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Guo X, Li P, Zhong J, Wen D, Wei B, Liu S, Qi S, Zhao J. Stokes meta-hologram toward optical cryptography. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6687. [PMID: 36335215 PMCID: PMC9637117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical cryptography manifests itself a powerful platform for information security, which involves encrypting secret images into visual patterns. Recently, encryption schemes demonstrated on metasurface platform have revolutionized optical cryptography, as the versatile design concept allows for unrestrained creativity. Despite rapid progresses, most efforts focus on the functionalities of cryptography rather than addressing performance issues, such as deep security, information capacity, and reconstruction quality. Here, we develop an optical encryption scheme by integrating visual cryptography with metasurface-assisted pattern masking, referred to as Stokes meta-hologram. Based on spatially structured polarization pattern masking, Stokes meta-hologram allows multichannel vectorial encryption to mask multiple secret images into unrecognizable visual patterns, and retrieve them following Stokes vector analysis. Further, an asymmetric encryption scheme based on Stokes vector rotation transformation is proposed to settle the inherent problem of the need to share the key in symmetric encryption. Our results show that Stokes meta-hologram can achieve optical cryptography with effectively improved security, and thereby paves a promising pathway toward optical and quantum security, optical communications, and anticounterfeiting. Achieving optical cryptography scheme with both high capacity and security is highly desirable. Here, authors report a Stokes meta-hologram with a hierarchical encryption strategy that allows vector encryptions to produce depth-masked ciphertexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Jinzhan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Dandan Wen
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Bingyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Shuxia Qi
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of light field manipulation and information acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
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15
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Huang L, Xu K, Yuan D, Hu J, Wang X, Xu S. Sub-wavelength patterned pulse laser lithography for efficient fabrication of large-area metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5823. [PMID: 36192549 PMCID: PMC9530239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigorously designed sub-micrometer structure arrays are widely used in metasurfaces for light modulation. One of the glaring restrictions is the unavailability of easily accessible fabrication methods to efficiently produce large-area and freely designed structure arrays with nanoscale resolution. We develop a patterned pulse laser lithography (PPLL) approach to create structure arrays with sub-wavelength feature resolution and periods from less than 1 μm to over 15 μm on large-area thin films with substrates under ambient conditions. Separated ultrafast laser pulses with patterned wavefront by quasi-binary phase masks rapidly create periodic ablated/modified structures by high-speed scanning. The gradient intensity boundary and circular polarization of the wavefront weaken diffraction and polarization-dependent asymmetricity effects during light propagation for high uniformity. Structural units of metasurfaces are obtained on metal and inorganic photoresist films, such as antennas, catenaries, and nanogratings. We demonstrate a large-area metasurface (10 × 10 mm2) revealing excellent infrared absorption (3–7 μm), which comprises 250,000 concentric rings and takes only 5 minutes to produce. Fabrication of metasurfaces with nanoscale structures is inefficient for large areas. Here, the authors introduce patterned pulse laser lithography for creating structured arrays with sub-wavelength feature on large-area thin films under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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16
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Alnakhli Z, Lin R, Liao CH, Labban AE, Li X. Reflective metalens with an enhanced off-axis focusing performance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34117-34128. [PMID: 36242432 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metalenses are one of the most promising metasurface applications. However, all-dielectric reflective metalenses are rarely studied, especially regarding their off-axis focusing performance. After experimentally studying the material optical properties in this work, we propose reflective metalens based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2), which operate at a visible wavelength of 0.633 µm. Unlike conventional reflective metalenses based on metallic mirrors, the proposed device was designed based on a modified parabolic phase profile and was integrated onto a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector periodic structure to achieve high reflectivity with five dielectric pairs. The focusing efficiency characteristics of the metalens were experimentally studied for beam angles of incidence between 0∘ and 30∘. The results reveal that the focusing efficiency for the modified metalens design remains higher than 54%, which is higher than 50%, making it promising for photonic miniaturization and integration.
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17
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Liu L, Liu W, Wang F, Cheng H, Choi DY, Tian J, Cai Y, Chen S. Spatial Coherence Manipulation on the Disorder-Engineered Statistical Photonic Platform. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6342-6349. [PMID: 35877932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coherence, similar to amplitude, polarization, and phase, is a fundamental characteristic of the light fields and is dominated by the statistical optical property. Although spatial coherence is one of the pivotal optical dimensions, it has not been significantly manipulated on the photonic platform. Here, we theoretically and experimentally manipulate the spatial coherence of light fields by loading different random phase distributions onto the wavefront with a metasurface. We achieve the generation of partially coherent light with a predefined degree of coherence and continuously modulate it from coherent to incoherent by controlling the phase fluctuation ranges or the beam sizes. This design strategy can be easily extended to manipulate arbitrary phase-only special beams with the same degree of coherence. Our approach provides straightforward rules to manipulate the coherence of light fields in an extra-cavity-based manner and paves the way for further applications in ghost imaging and information transmission in turbulent media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulation & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yangjian Cai
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulation & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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18
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He J, Wan M, Zhang X, Yuan S, Zhang L, Wang J. Generating ultraviolet perfect vortex beams using a high-efficiency broadband dielectric metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4806-4816. [PMID: 35209454 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the topological charge-independent doughnut spatial structure as well as the association of orbital angular momentums, perfect vortex beams promise significant advances in fiber communication, optical manipulation and quantum optics. Inspired by the development of planar photonics, several plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces have been constructed to generate perfect vortex beams, instead of conventional bulky configuration. However, owing to the intrinsic Ohmic losses and interband electron transitions in materials, these metasurface-based vortex beam generators only work at optical frequencies up to the visible range. Herein, using silicon nitride nanopillars as high-efficiency half-wave plates, broadband and high-performance metasurfaces are designed and demonstrated numerically to directly produce perfect vortex beams in the ultraviolet region, by combining the phase profiles of spiral phase plate, axicon and Fourier transformation lens based on geometric phase. The conversion efficiency of the metasurface is up to 86.6% at the design wavelength. Moreover, the influence of several control parameters on perfect vortex beam structures is discussed. We believe that this ultraviolet dielectric generator of perfect vortex beams will find many significant applications, such as high-resolution spectroscopy, optical tweezer and on-chip communication.
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19
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Chen J, Wang J, Li X, Chen J, Yu F, He J, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li G, Chen X, Lu W. Recent Progress in Improving the Performance of Infrared Photodetectors via Optical Field Manipulations. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22020677. [PMID: 35062638 PMCID: PMC8777879 DOI: 10.3390/s22020677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the inherent capacity for detecting longer wavelengths inaccessible to human eyes, infrared photodetectors have found numerous applications in both military and daily life, such as individual combat weapons, automatic driving sensors and night-vision devices. However, the imperfect material growth and incomplete device manufacturing impose an inevitable restriction on the further improvement of infrared photodetectors. The advent of artificial microstructures, especially metasurfaces, featuring with strong light field enhancement and multifunctional properties in manipulating the light-matter interactions on subwavelength scale, have promised great potential in overcoming the bottlenecks faced by conventional infrared detectors. Additionally, metasurfaces exhibit versatile and flexible integration with existing detection semiconductors. In this paper, we start with a review of conventionally bulky and recently emerging two-dimensional material-based infrared photodetectors, i.e., InGaAs, HgCdTe, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus devices. As to the challenges the detectors are facing, we further discuss the recent progress on the metasurfaces integrated on the photodetectors and demonstrate their role in improving device performance. All information provided in this paper aims to open a new way to boost high-performance infrared photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiuxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feilong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiale He
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zengyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; (J.C.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (F.Y.); (J.H.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (W.L.)
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
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20
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Guo X, Zhong J, Li P, Wen D, Liu S, Wei B, Qi S, Zhao J. Metasurface-assisted multidimensional manipulation of a light wave based on spin-decoupled complex amplitude modulation. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:353-356. [PMID: 35030604 DOI: 10.1364/ol.446542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Achieving arbitrary manipulation of the fundamental properties of a light wave with a metasurface is highly desirable and has been extensively developed in recent years. However, common approaches are typically targeted to manipulate only one dimension of light wave (amplitude, phase, or polarization), which is not quite sufficient for the acquisition of integrated multifunctional devices. Here, we propose a strategy to design single-layer dielectric metasurfaces that can achieve multidimensional modulation of a light wave. The critical point of this strategy is spin-decoupled complex amplitude modulation, which is realized by combining propagation and geometric phases with polarization-dependent interference. As proofs of concept, perfect vector vortex beams and polarization-switchable stereoscopic holographic scenes are experimentally demonstrated to exhibit the capability of multidimensional light wave manipulation, which unlocks a flexible approach for the multidimensional manipulation of a light wave such as complex light-wave control and vectorial holography in integrated optics and polarization-oriented applications.
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21
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Yang M, Li T, Yan X, Liang L, Yao H, Sun Z, Li J, Li J, Wei D, Wang M, Ye Y, Song X, Zhang H, Yao J. Dual-Stimulus Control for Ultra-Wideband and Multidimensional Modulation in Terahertz Metasurfaces Comprising Graphene and Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2155-2165. [PMID: 34958542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites and graphene are receiving a meteoric rise in popularity in the field of active photonics because they exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties for dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions. However, challenges still exist, such as the instability of perovskites under ambient conditions and the low Fermi level of graphene in experiments. These shortcomings limit the scope of applications when they are used alone in advanced optical devices. However, the combination of graphene and perovskites is still a promising route for efficient control of light-matter interactions. Here, we report a dual-optoelectronic metadevice fabricated by integrating terahertz metasurfaces with a sandwich complex composed of graphene, polyimide, and perovskites for ultra-wideband and multidimensional manipulation of higher-order Fano resonances. Owing to the photogenerated carriers and electrostatic doping effect, the dual optoelectronic metadevice showed different manipulation behavior at thermal imbalance (electrostatic doping state of the system). The modulation depth of the transmission amplitude reached 200%, the total resonant frequency shift was 800 GHz, and the tunable range of the resonant frequency was 68.8%. In addition, modulation of the maximum phase reached 346°. This work will inspire a new generation of metasurface-based optical devices that combine two active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Yang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tengteng Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dequan Wei
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Yunxia Ye
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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22
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Chen MZ, Tang W, Dai JY, Ke JC, Zhang L, Zhang C, Yang J, Li L, Cheng Q, Jin S, Cui TJ. Accurate and broadband manipulations of harmonic amplitudes and phases to reach 256 QAM millimeter-wave wireless communications by time-domain digital coding metasurface. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab134. [PMID: 35079409 PMCID: PMC8783670 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a theoretical mechanism and new coding strategy to realize extremely accurate manipulations of nonlinear electromagnetic harmonics in ultrawide frequency band based on a time-domain digital coding metasurface (TDCM). Using the proposed mechanism and coding strategy, we design and fabricate a millimeter-wave (mmWave) TDCM, which is composed of reprogrammable meta-atoms embedded with positive-intrinsic-negative diodes. By controlling the duty ratios and time delays of the digital coding sequences loaded on a TDCM, experimental results show that both amplitudes and phases of different harmonics can be engineered at will simultaneously and precisely in broad frequency band from 22 to 33 GHz, even when the coding states are imperfect, which is in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Based on the fabricated high-performance TDCM, we further propose and experimentally realize a large-capacity mmWave wireless communication system, where 256 quadrature amplitude modulation, along with other schemes, is demonstrated. The new wireless communication system has a much simpler architecture than the currently used mmWave wireless systems, and hence can significantly reduce the hardware cost. We believe that the proposed method and system architecture can find vast application in future mmWave and terahertz-wave wireless communication and radar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zheng Chen
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Wankai Tang
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Jun Yan Dai
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Chen Ke
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Lianlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of Intelligent Metamaterials, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
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23
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Guo X, Zhong J, Li B, Qi S, Li Y, Li P, Wen D, Liu S, Wei B, Zhao J. Full-Color Holographic Display and Encryption with Full-Polarization Degree of Freedom. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103192. [PMID: 34363242 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces provide a compact and powerful platform for manipulating the fundamental properties of light, and have shown unprecedented capabilities in both optical holographic display and information encryption. For increasing information display/storage capacity, metasurfaces with more polarization manipulation channel and full-color holographic functionality are now an urgent requirement. Here, a minimalist dielectric metasurface with the capability of full-color holography encoded with arbitrary polarization is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Without the daunting exploratory and computational problem in nanostructure searching, full-color holographic images can be multiplexed into arbitrary polarization channels through vectorial ptychography and k-space ptychography based on tetratomic macropixel geometric phase metasurfaces. Thanks to the full degree of freedom tuning in polarization and color spaces, the application scenarios such as holographic 3D imaging and information encryption are realized. The strategy exhibits promising potential in applications of 3Dl display, augmented/virtual reality, high-density data storage, and encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyue Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Jinzhan Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Shuxia Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
- Xi'an Mingde Institute of Technology, Xi'an, 710124, China
| | - Peng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Dandan Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Bingyan Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
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24
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Rahman MA, Kim YH, Cho SH, Lee SY, Byun JY. Realization of Structural Colors via Capped Cu-based F-P Cavity Structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29466-29480. [PMID: 34615056 DOI: 10.1364/oe.435768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors with tunable properties have several applications in the beautification of mobile devices, surface decoration, art and color filters. Herein, we propose an asymmetric F-P cavity design to systematically tune structural colors by changing the thickness of the top metal and intermediate insulator. In this study, Cu and Si3N4 were chosen as the top metal and intermediate insulator layers, respectively, various reflection colors being realized on the Cu surface. Various capping layers-that is, SiO2, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and a commercially available clear coat named ProtectaClear-were used to protect the Cu surface from scratching and oxidation. PMMA coatings can protect Cu from corrosive environments without degradation of the color quality. The colors can be tuned by controlling the thickness of either the metal or intermediate insulator layers, and vivid structural colors-including orange, bright orange, red, purple, violet, light blue, green-yellow, and yellow-green-can be printed. The colors obtained can be attributed to thin-film interference.
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25
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu W, Li Z, Cheng H, Tian J, Chen S. Multi-band on-chip photonic spin Hall effect and selective excitation of whispering gallery modes with metasurface-integrated microcavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3528-3531. [PMID: 34329216 DOI: 10.1364/ol.429940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose an approach to realize a multi-band on-chip photonic spin Hall effect and selective excitation of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) by integrating metasurfaces with microcavities. Free-space circularly polarized light with opposite spin angular momentum can effectively excite WGMs with opposite propagation directions at fixed wavelengths. Moreover, the different WGMs with different propagation directions and polarizations can be selectively excited by manipulating the number of antennas. We demonstrate that the optical properties (i.e., coupling efficiency, peak positions, and peak widths) of the proposed metasurface-integrated microcavities can be easily tailored by adjusting different geometric parameters. This study enables the realization of chiral microcavities with exciting novel functionalities, which may provide a further step in the development of photonic integrated circuits, optical sensing, and chiral optics.
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26
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Zhang XG, Sun YL, Yu Q, Cheng Q, Jiang WX, Qiu CW, Cui TJ. Smart Doppler Cloak Operating in Broad Band and Full Polarizations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007966. [PMID: 33851447 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Invisibility cloaks, a class of attractive devices that can hide objects from external observers, have become practical reality owing to the advent of metamaterials. In previous cloaking schemes, almost all demonstrated cloaks are time-invariant and are investigated in the system that is motionless, and hence they are limited to hide stationary objects. In addition, the current cloaks are typically static or require manual operation to achieve dynamic cloaking. Here, a smart Doppler cloak operating in broadband and full polarizations is reported, which consists of a time-modulated reflective metasurface and a sensing-feedback time-varying electronic control system. Experimental results show that the smart Doppler cloak is able to respond self-adaptively and rapidly to the ever-changing velocity of moving objects and then cancel different Doppler shifts in real time, without any human intervention. Moreover, the wideband and polarization-insensitive features enable the cloak to be more robust and practical. To illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, the smart Doppler cloak is measured in three scenarios with two different groups of linearly-polarized incidences at 3.3 and 4.9 GHz, and one group circularly-polarized incidences at 6.0 GHz, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ya Lun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wei Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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27
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Li J, Wang Y, Chen C, Fu R, Zhou Z, Li Z, Zheng G, Yu S, Qiu CW, Zhang S. From Lingering to Rift: Metasurface Decoupling for Near- and Far-Field Functionalization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007507. [PMID: 33733561 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, simultaneously operating in near- and far-fields, can be employed as a promising candidate to implement different functions, thus significantly improving the information density, security, and system integration. Recent works have showcased some approaches for decoupling-at-large between near- and far-field functionalities, but unfortunately, their coupling effects are just reduced and mitigated to some extent rather than eradicated, which in turn leads to the performance limitation of metadevices. Herein, we propose a general platform for the complete rift between near- and far-field functionalities, enabled by strictly decoupled manipulation of optical amplitude and phase, leading to their distinct functions in the near- and far-fields, respectively. This concept is experimentally demonstrated by integrating the functions of a phase-only metalens and an amplitude-only grayscale-imaging nanoprint into a single-cell metasurface. Because of their completely decoupled functions, both meta-elements show high-performance characteristics, i.e., imaging quality close to the diffraction limit and high-definition grayscale-imaging with resolution as high as 63 500 dots per inch (dpi). The validated recipe may empower advanced explorations and applications in highly integrated nano-optoelectronics requiring high performance and less crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- NOEIC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech & Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech & Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zile Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- NOEIC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- NOEIC, State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, Wuhan Research Institute of Posts & Telecommunications, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Gao S, Zhou C, Yue W, Li Y, Zhang C, Kan H, Li C, Lee SS, Choi DY. Efficient All-Dielectric Diatomic Metasurface for Linear Polarization Generation and 1-Bit Phase Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14497-14506. [PMID: 33745274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurface has exhibited unprecedented capabilities in the regulation of light properties at a subwavelength scale. In particular, a multifunctional polarization metasurface making use of light polarization to integrate distinct functionalities on a single platform can be greatly helpful in the miniaturization of photonic systems and has become a hot research topic in recent years. Here, we propose and demonstrate an efficient all-dielectric diatomic metasurface, the unit cell of which is composed of a pair of a-Si:H-based nanodisks and nanopillars that play the roles as polarization-maintaining and polarization-converting meta-atoms, respectively. Through rigorous theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, we show that a properly designed diatomic metasurface can work as a nanoscale linear polarizer for generating linearly polarized light with a controllable polarization angle and superior performances including a maximum transmission efficiency of 96.2% and an extinction ratio of 32.8 dB at an operation wavelength of 690 nm. Three metasurface samples are fabricated and experimentally characterized to verify our claims and their potential applications. Furthermore, unlike previously reported dielectric diatomic metasurfaces which merely manipulate the polarization state, the proposed diatomic metasurface can be easily modified to empower 1-bit phase modulation without altering the polarization angle and sacrificing the transmission efficiency. This salient feature further leads to the demonstration of a metasurface beam splitter that can be equivalently seen as the integration of a nonpolarizing beam splitter and a linear polarizer, which has never been reported before. We envision that various metadevices equipping with distinct wavefront shaping functionalities can be realized by further optimizing the diatomic metasurface to achieve an entire 2π phase control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Changyi Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Nano Device Application Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Wenjing Yue
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chunwei Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Hao Kan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Sang-Shin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
- Nano Device Application Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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29
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Li Y, Liu X, Huang Q, Ohta AT, Arai T. Bubbles in microfluidics: an all-purpose tool for micromanipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1016-1035. [PMID: 33538756 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the integration of microfluidic devices and multiple actuation technologies at the microscale has greatly contributed to the progress of related fields. In particular, microbubbles are playing an increasingly important role in microfluidics because of their unique characteristics that lead to specific responses to different energy sources and gas-liquid interactions. Many effective and functional bubble-based micromanipulation strategies have been developed and improved, enabling various non-invasive, selective, and precise operations at the microscale. This review begins with a brief introduction of the morphological characteristics and formation of microbubbles. The theoretical foundations and working mechanisms of typical micromanipulations based on acoustic, thermodynamic, and chemical microbubbles in fluids are described. We critically review the extensive applications and the frontline advances of bubbles in microfluidics, including microflow patterns, position and orientation control, biomedical applications, and development of bubble-based microrobots. We lastly present an outlook to provide directions for the design and application of microbubble-based micromanipulation tools and attract the attention of relevant researchers to the enormous potential of microbubbles in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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30
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Niu L, Xu Q, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Li S, Chen X, Xu Y, Ma J, Kang M, Han J, Zhang W. Coupling Plasmonic System for Efficient Wavefront Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5844-5852. [PMID: 33476511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and flexible manipulation of electromagnetic waves using metasurfaces has attracted continuous attention in recent years. However, previous studies mainly apply sole resonance effect to accomplish the task. Here, we show that introducing a meta-coupling effect would reveal further physical insights in the electromagnetic wave control. To demonstrate this, a reflection-type coupling system composed by two identical linear resonances in a metal-insulator-metal configuration is theoretically proposed using the coupled-mode theory, whose phase diagram can be well controlled upon the coupling changes. Such intriguing optical property is verified by a double C-shaped resonator in the terahertz regime, where the coupling effect can be tuned by changing their either relative distance or rotation. More importantly, the reflection phase shift around the working frequency can be efficiently engineered without having to change the dimensions of the resonators. Two efficient anomalous metasurface deflectors are designed and experimentally characterized, whose maximum measured efficiency is more than 70%. The proposed controlling strategy further enriches the designing freedoms of metasurfaces and may find broad applications in realizing efficient and tunable functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Niu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaoxian Li
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xieyu Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiajun Ma
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ming Kang
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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Li J, Zheng C, Li J, Zhao H, Hao X, Xu H, Yue Z, Zhang Y, Yao J. Polarization-dependent and tunable absorption of terahertz waves based on anisotropic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:3284-3295. [PMID: 33770930 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterial absorbers can achieve high-efficiency electromagnetic absorption in a specific band, which have been used in biochemical sensing, photoelectric detection, imaging and other fields. Tunable metamaterial absorbers provide more possibilities for the development of multifunctional electromagnetic absorption devices. Here we propose a tunable and polarization-dependent terahertz metamaterial absorber which can work for both linearly and circularly polarized waves. By introducing single layer graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2), switching between the two working states and wide-range tuning of the absorption efficiency are realized. When VO2 is in insulating state, the absorber shows different tunable absorption performance for the x- or y-polarized terahertz waves, in which the maximum absorption rate is close to 100%. When VO2 is in metallic state, the metasurface behaves as a chiral absorber, and the maximum absorption difference between the two circular polarizations is about 0.45, while the tuning efficiency reaches 86.3%. Under the two working conditions, the absorber can maintain efficient absorption with a large incident angle. In addition, as an application exploration of the absorber, we demonstrated its application in tunable and polarization multiplexed near-field image display.
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Zheng G, Zhou N, Deng L, Li G, Tao J, Li Z. Full-space metasurface holograms in the visible range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:2920-2930. [PMID: 33726478 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional metasurface holography is usually implemented in either transmission space or reflection space. Herein, we show a dielectric metasurface that can simultaneously project two independent holographic images in the transmission and reflection spaces, respectively, merely with a single-layer design approach. Specifically, two types of dielectric nanobricks in a nanostructured metasurface are employed to act as half-wave plates for geometric phase modulation. One type of nanobrick is designed to reflect most of incident circularly-polarized light into reflection space, enabled with magnetic resonance, while another type of nanobrick transmits it into transmission space, without resonance involved. By controlling the orientation angles and randomly interleaving the two types of nanobricks to form a metasurface, a full-space metasurface hologram can be established. We experimentally demonstrate this trans-reflective meta-holography by encoding the geometric phase information of two independent images into a single metasurface, and all observed holographic images agree well with our predictions. Our research expands the field-of-view of metasurface holography from half- to full-space, which can find its markets in optical sensing, image displays, optical storages and many other potential applications.
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Zhang X, Kong D, Liu S, Wang H. All-dielectric metasurface with multi-function in the near-infrared band. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2020; 37:1731-1739. [PMID: 33175749 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.398245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an approach to design the all-dielectric metasurface with multi-function in the near-infrared range of 1.5-1.6 µm. Based on the geometric phase principle, the all-dielectric metasurface is composed of the Si nanopillar and the SiO2 substrate as an emitter unit distributed in a 21×21 array. Under the incidence of the circularly polarized light at 1550 nm, the metasurface works as a vortex-beam generator with high performance which generates the vortex beam with topological charges of ±1, and the mode purity of the vortex beam is 90.66%. Under the incidence of the linearly polarized light at 1550 nm, the metasurface also works as the azimuthally/radially polarized beam generator with high performance, and the purities of the azimuthally and the radially polarized beams are 92.52% and 91.02%, respectively. Moreover, the metasurface generates different output spots under the different incident lights which can be applied to optical encryption, and the metasurface with the phase gradient also can be used as the dual-channel encoder/decoder in optical communication. The simulated results are in good agreement with the theoretical derivation. The designed metasurface may become a potential candidate as a multi-function photon device in the integrated optical system in the future.
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Ou K, Yu F, Li G, Wang W, Miroshnichenko AE, Huang L, Wang P, Li T, Li Z, Chen X, Lu W. Mid-infrared polarization-controlled broadband achromatic metadevice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/37/eabc0711. [PMID: 32917714 PMCID: PMC7486104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces provide a compact, flexible, and efficient platform to manipulate the electromagnetic waves. However, chromatic aberration imposes severe restrictions on their applications in broadband polarization control. Here, we propose a broadband achromatic methodology to implement polarization-controlled multifunctional metadevices in mid-wavelength infrared with birefringent meta-atoms. We demonstrate the generation of polarization-controlled and achromatically on-axis focused optical vortex beams with diffraction-limited focal spots and switchable topological charge (L ∥ = 0 and L ⊥ = 2). Besides, we further implement broadband achromatic polarization beamsplitter with high polarization isolation (extinction ratio up to 21). The adoption of all-silicon configuration not only facilitates the integration with CMOS technology but also endows the polarization multiplexing meta-atoms with broad phase dispersion coverage, ensuring the large size and high performance of the metadevices. Compared with the state-of-the-art chromatic aberration-restricted polarization-controlled metadevices, our work represents a substantial advance and a step toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ou
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feilong Yu
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanhai Li
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2602, Australia.
| | - Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra 2602, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianxin Li
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China.
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Lu
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai 201315, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Shan X, Deng L, Dai Q, Zhou Z, Liang C, Li Z, Zheng G. Silicon-on-insulator based multifunctional metasurface with simultaneous polarization and geometric phase controls. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:26359-26369. [PMID: 32906909 DOI: 10.1364/oe.402064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Enabled with both magnetic resonance and geometric phase, dielectric nanobrick based metasurfaces have shown their unusual abilities to produce high-definition and high-efficiency holographic images. Herein, we further show that such a metasurface can not only project a holographic image in far field but also record a grayscale image right at the metasurface plane simultaneously, merely with a single-celled nanostructure design approach. Specifically, each nanobrick in a unit-cell of the metasurface acts as a half-wave plate and it can continuously rotate the polarization direction of incident linearly polarized light. Governed by Malus law, light intensity modulation is available with the help of a bulk-optic analyzer and a continuous grayscale image appears right at the metasurface plane. At the same time, the concept of orientation degeneracy of nanostructures can be utilized to generate a 4-step geometric phase, with which a holographic image is reconstructed in far field. We experimentally demonstrate this multifunctional meta-device by employing the widely used silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material and all results agree well with our theoretical prediction. With the novel features of easiness in design, high efficiency, broadband spectrum response, strong robustness, high security and high information density, the proposed SOI-based metasurfaces will have extensive applications in optical information security and multiplexing.
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36
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Yan X, Zhang Z, Gao J, Liang L, Yang M, Guo X, Li J, Li Y, Wei D, Wang M, Wang X, Zong M, Ye Y, Song X, Zhang H, Yao J. Graphene-bridged topological network metamaterials with perfect modulation applied to dynamic cloaking and meta-sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22064-22075. [PMID: 32752474 DOI: 10.1364/oe.396976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfect state transfer of the bus topological system enables the sharing of information or excitation between nodes. Herein we report groundbreaking research on the transfer of the graphene-bridged bus topological network structure to an electromagnetic metamaterial setting, named "bus topological network metamaterials (TNMMs)." Correspondingly, the electromagnetic response imprints onto the topological excitation. We find that the bus-TNMMs display a perfect modulation of the terahertz response. The blue-shift of resonance frequency could increase to as large as 1075 GHz. The modulation sensitivity of the bus-TNMMs reaches 1027 GHz/Fermi level unit (FLU). Meanwhile, with the enhancement of modulation, the line shape of the reflection keeps underformed. Parabola, ExpDec1, and Asymptotic models are used to estimate the modulation of the resonance frequency. Besides, the bus-TNMMs system provides a fascinating platform for dynamic cloaking. By governing the Fermi level of graphene, the bus-TNMMs can decide whether it is cloaking or not in a bandwidth of 500 GHz. Also, the bus-TNMMs exhibit the immense potential for dynamically detecting the vibrational fingerprinting of an analyte. These results give a far-reaching outlook for steering dynamically the terahertz response with the bus-TNMMs. Therefore, we believe that the discovery of bus-TNMMs will revolutionize our understanding of the modulation of the electromagnetic response.
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37
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Li Z, Liu W, Cheng H, Choi DY, Chen S, Tian J. Spin-Selective Full-Dimensional Manipulation of Optical Waves with Chiral Mirror. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907983. [PMID: 32430983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Realizing arbitrary manipulation of optical waves, which still remains a challenge, plays a key role in the implementation of optical devices with on-demand functionalities. However, it is hard to independently manipulate multiple dimensions of optical waves because the optical dimensions are basically associated with each other when adjusting the optical response of the devices. Here, the concise design principle of a chiral mirror is utilized to realize the full-dimensional independent manipulation of circular-polarized waves. By simply changing three structural variables of the chiral mirror, the proposed design principle can arbitrarily and independently empower the spin-selective manipulation of amplitude, phase, and operation wavelength of circular-polarized waves with a large modulation depth. This approach provides a simple solution for the realization of spin-selective full-dimensional manipulation of optical waves and shows ample application possibilities in the areas of optical encryption, imaging, and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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38
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Lee YU, Yim K, Bopp SE, Zhao J, Liu Z. Low-Loss Organic Hyperbolic Materials in the Visible Spectral Range: A Joint Experimental and First-Principles Study. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002387. [PMID: 32490592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic media strengthen numerous attractive applications in optics such as super-resolution imaging, enhanced spontaneous emission, and nanoscale waveguiding. Natural hyperbolic materials exist at visible frequencies; however, implementations of these materials suffer substantial compromises resulting from the high loss in the currently available candidates. Here, the first experimental and theoretical investigation of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (rr-P3ATs), a naturally low-loss organic hyperbolic material (OHM) in the visible frequency range, is shown. These hyperbolic properties arise from a highly ordered structure of layered electron-rich conjugated thiophene ring backbones separated by insulating alkyl side chains. The optical and electronic properties of the rr-P3AT can be tuned by controlling the degree of crystallinity and alkyl side chain length. First-principles calculations support the experimental observations, which result from the rr-P3AT's structural and optical anisotropy. Conveniently, rr-P3AT-based OHMs are facile to fabricate, flexible, and biocompatible, which may lead to tremendous new opportunities in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kanghoon Yim
- Platform Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Edward Bopp
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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39
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Chen P, Wei BY, Hu W, Lu YQ. Liquid-Crystal-Mediated Geometric Phase: From Transmissive to Broadband Reflective Planar Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903665. [PMID: 31566267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Planar optical elements that can manipulate the multidimensional physical parameters of light efficiently and compactly are highly sought after in modern optics and nanophotonics. In recent years, the geometric phase, induced by the photonic spin-orbit interaction, has attracted extensive attention for planar optics due to its powerful beam shaping capability. The geometric phase can usually be generated via inhomogeneous anisotropic materials, among which liquid crystals (LCs) have been a focus. Their pronounced optical properties and controllable and stimuli-responsive self-assembly behavior introduce new possibilities for LCs beyond traditional panel displays. Recent advances in LC-mediated geometric phase planar optics are briefly reviewed. First, several recently developed photopatterning techniques are presented, enabling the accurate fabrication of complicated LC microstructures. Subsequently, nematic LC-based transmissive planar optical elements and chiral LC-based broadband reflective elements are reviewed systematically. Versatile functionalities are revealed, from conventional beam steering and focusing, to advanced structuring. Combining the geometric phase with structured LC materials offers a satisfactory platform for planar optics with desired functionalities and drastically extends exceptional applications of ordered soft matter. Some prospects on this rapidly advancing field are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bing-Yan Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Institute for Smart Liquid Crystals, JITRI, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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40
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Zhang XG, Yu Q, Jiang WX, Sun YL, Bai L, Wang Q, Qiu C, Cui TJ. Polarization-Controlled Dual-Programmable Metasurfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903382. [PMID: 32537403 PMCID: PMC7284210 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Programmable metasurfaces allow dynamic and real-time control of electromagnetic (EM) waves in subwavelength resolution, holding extraordinary potentials to establish meta-systems. Achieving independent and real-time controls of orthogonally-polarized EM waves via the programmable metasurface is attractive for many applications, but remains considerably challenging. Here, a polarization-controlled dual-programmable metasurface (PDPM) with modular control circuits is proposed, which enables a dibit encoding capability in modifying the phase profiles of x- and y-polarized waves individually. The constructed extended interface circuit is able to extend the number of control interfaces from a field programmable gate array by orders of magnitude and also possesses memory function, which enhance hugely the rewritability, scalability, reliability, and stability of PDPM. As a proof-of-concept, a wave-based exclusive-OR logic gate platform for spin control of circularly-polarized waves, a fixed-frequency wide-angle dual-beam scanning system, and a dual-polarized shared-aperture antenna are demonstrated using a single PDPM. The proposed PDPM opens up avenues for realizing more advanced and integrated multifunctional devices and systems that have two independent polarization-controlled signal channels, which may find many applications in future-oriented intelligent communication, imaging, and computing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Wei Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Ya Lun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Lin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Cheng‐Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore119620Singapore
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter WavesSchool of Information Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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41
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Cheng K, Zhang W, Wei Z, Fan Y, Xu C, Wu C, Zhang X, Li H. Simulate Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16230-16243. [PMID: 32549449 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the past few years, a lot of efforts have been devoted in studying optical analog computing with artificial structures. Up to now, much of them are primarily focused on classical mathematical operations. How to use artificial structures to simulate quantum algorithm is still to be explored. In this work, an all-dielectric metamaterial-based model is proposed and realized to demonstrate the quantum Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. The model is comprised of two cascaded functional metamaterial subblocks. The oracle subblock encodes the detecting functions (constant or balanced), onto the phase distribution of the incident wave. Then, the original Hadamard transformation is performed with a graded-index subblock. Both the numerical and experimental results indicate that the proposed metamaterials are able to simulate the Deutsch-Jozsa problem with one round operation and a single measurement of the output eletric field, where the zero (maximum) intensity at the central position results from the destructive (constructive) interference accompanying with the balance (constant) function marked by the oracle subblock. The proposed computational metamaterial is miniaturized and easy-integration for potential applications in communication, wave-based analog computing, and signal processing systems.
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42
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Ahmed R, Ozen MO, Karaaslan MG, Prator CA, Thanh C, Kumar S, Torres L, Iyer N, Munter S, Southern S, Henrich TJ, Inci F, Demirci U. Tunable Fano-Resonant Metasurfaces on a Disposable Plastic-Template for Multimodal and Multiplex Biosensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907160. [PMID: 32201997 PMCID: PMC8713081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are engineered nanostructured interfaces that extend the photonic behavior of natural materials, and they spur many breakthroughs in multiple fields, including quantum optics, optoelectronics, and biosensing. Recent advances in metasurface nanofabrication enable precise manipulation of light-matter interactions at subwavelength scales. However, current fabrication methods are costly and time-consuming and have a small active area with low reproducibility due to limitations in lithography, where sensing nanosized rare biotargets requires a wide active surface area for efficient binding and detection. Here, a plastic-templated tunable metasurface with a large active area and periodic metal-dielectric layers to excite plasmonic Fano resonance transitions providing multimodal and multiplex sensing of small biotargets, such as proteins and viruses, is introduced. The tunable Fano resonance feature of the metasurface is enabled via chemical etching steps to manage nanoperiodicity of the plastic template decorated with plasmonic layers and surrounding dielectric medium. This metasurface integrated with microfluidics further enhances the light-matter interactions over a wide sensing area, extending data collection from 3D to 4D by tracking real-time biomolecular binding events. Overall, this work resolves cost- and complexity-related large-scale fabrication challenges and improves multilayer sensitivity of detection in biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ahmed
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Merve Goksin Karaaslan
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Cecilia A. Prator
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Cassandra Thanh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Shreya Kumar
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Leonel Torres
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Nikita Iyer
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Sadie Munter
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Sarka Southern
- Gaia Medical Institute, 505 Coast Boulevard South, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States
| | - Fatih Inci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
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Li Z, Liu W, Tang C, Cheng H, Li Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Chen S, Tian J. A Bilayer Plasmonic Metasurface for Polarization‐Insensitive Bidirectional Perfect Absorption. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Quantum LaboratoryAlibaba Cloud Intelligence Business Group Alibaba Group Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yuebian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme OpticsShanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi 030006 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and ApplicationsShandong Normal University Jinan 250358 China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear PhotonicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied PhysicsNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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44
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All‐Optical Switchable Vanadium Dioxide Integrated Coding Metasurfaces for Wavefront and Polarization Manipulation of Terahertz Beams. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Liu W, Wu W, Huang L, Ling Y, Ba C, Li S, Chun Z, Li H. Dual-band asymmetric optical transmission of both linearly and circularly polarized waves using bilayer coupled complementary chiral metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:33399-33411. [PMID: 31878410 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.033399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to develop asymmetric transmission (AT) devices for both linearly and circularly polarized light. However, currently existing metamaterial-based AT devices require multi-step micro-nano fabrication processes and usually realize AT responses only for linearly or circularly polarized waves, not simultaneously for both. We here propose a dual-band AT device for both linearly and circularly polarized waves in the near-infrared region by using a bilayer coupled complementary chiral metasurface, which includes a half-gammadion-shape gold (Au) structural layer and its Babinet's complimentary copy. Unlike other multilayer AT devices working at optical frequencies, it takes less micro-nano fabrication steps. Besides, with the help of chirality and the inherent near-field coupling effect between the two complementary Au layers, the maximal AT parameters for linearly and circularly polarized waves can reach up to 0.45 and 0.56, respectively. The underlying mechanisms of dual-band AT responses are also investigated in depth from the perspectives of chirality and coupling effect. Our work offers a new and simple approach to high-performance AT devices, helps to better understand near-filed coupling effect in coupled complementary metasurfaces, and also expands their application fields.
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Xiong B, Deng L, Peng R, Liu Y. Controlling the degrees of freedom in metasurface designs for multi-functional optical devices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3786-3806. [PMID: 36132119 PMCID: PMC9418445 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the control over the degrees of freedom (DOF) in metasurfaces, which include the input DOF (the polarization, wavelength and incident angle of the input light and some dynamic controls), parameter DOF (the complex geometric design of metasurfaces) and output DOF (the phase, polarization and amplitude of the output light). This framework could clearly show us the development process of metasurfaces, from single-functional to multi-functional ones. Advantages of the multi-functional metasurfaces are discussed in the context of various applications, including 3D holography, broadband achromatic metalenses and multi-dimensional encoded information. By combining all the input and output DOF together, we can realize ideal optical meta-devices with deep subwavelength thickness and striking functions beyond the reach of traditional optical components. Moreover, new research directions may emerge when merging different DOF in metasurfaces with other important concepts, such as parity-time symmetry and topology, so that we can have the complete control of light waves in a prescribed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Ruwen Peng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
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Yang F, Fan Y, Yang R, Xu J, Fu Q, Zhang F, Wei Z, Li H. Controllable coherent perfect absorber made of liquid metal-based metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25974-25982. [PMID: 31510459 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent perfect absorber (CPA) is a novel strategy proposed and demonstrated for solving the challenge to attain efficient control of absorption by exploiting the inverse process of lasing. The operation condition of CPA results in narrow-band, which is the main limitation obstruct it from practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a CPA with tunable operation frequency employing the liquid metal made reconfigurable metasurface. The flow of liquid metal is restricted with a plastic pipe for realizing a controllable liquid metal cut-wire. The adjustable electric dipolar mode of the reconfigurable cur-wire metasurface ensures that the quasi-CPA point can be dynamically controlled; the measured CPA under proper phase modulation is in good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed CPA system involving liquid metal for dynamic control of operation frequency will have potential applications and may stimulate the exploitation of liquid based smart absorption control of optical waves.
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Liu W, Li Z, Li Z, Cheng H, Tang C, Li J, Chen S, Tian J. Energy-Tailorable Spin-Selective Multifunctional Metasurfaces with Full Fourier Components. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901729. [PMID: 31197902 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compact integrated multifunctional metasurface that can deal with concurrent tasks represent one of the most profound research fields in modern optics. Such integration is expected to have a striking impact on minimized optical systems in applications such as optical communication and computation. However, arbitrary multifunctional spin-selective design with precise energy configuration in each channel is still a challenge, and suffers from intrinsic noise and complex designs. Here, a design principle is proposed to realize energy tailorable multifunctional metasurfaces, in which the functionalities can be arbitrarily designed if the channels have no or weak interference in k-space. A design strategy is demostrated here with high-efficiency dielectric nanopillars that can modulate full Fourier components of the optical field. The spin-selective behavior of the dielectric metasurfaces is also investigated, which originates from the group effect introduced by numerous nanopillar arrays. This approach provides straightforward rules to control the functionality channels in the integrated metasurfaces, and paves the way for efficient concurrent optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
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Ma D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Liu W, Cheng H, Chen S, Tian J. Giant spin-selective asymmetric transmission in multipolar-modulated metasurfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3805-3808. [PMID: 31368980 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spin-selective manipulation of optical waves is widely utilized in various optical techniques and plays a key role in modern nanophotonics. While numerous efficient approaches have been applied in metasurfaces to realize spin-selective manipulation of optical waves, the implementation of giant spin-selective asymmetric transmission remains a challenge. Here, we propose an all-dielectric metasurface to realize giant tri-band spin-selective asymmetric transmission in the near infrared regime. The proposed giant spin-selective asymmetric transmission is attributed to the excitation of overlapping multipolar resonances in the dielectric elliptic cylinders, which can be well manipulated by changing the structure parameters. This research demonstrates the great potential of all-dielectric metasurfaces for spin-selective transmission manipulation, which provide helpful insights and intriguing possibilities for applications in information optics, quantum optics, optical sensing, and imaging.
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Li Z, Cai X, Huang L, Xu H, Wei Y, Dai N. Controllable Polarization Rotator with Broadband High Transmission Using All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared PhysicsShanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lirong Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared PhysicsShanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China
| | - Yunbing Wei
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ning Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared PhysicsShanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China
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