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Yu J, Xu Z, Wan Q, Shuai Y, Wang J, Mao C, Yang M. Ultrafast Bi-Directional Bending Moisture-Responsive Soft Actuators through Superfine Silk Rod Modified Bio-Mimicking Hierarchical Layered Structure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309364. [PMID: 38225691 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Development of stimulus-responsive materials is crucial for novel soft actuators. Among these actuators, the moisture-responsive actuators are known for their accessibility, eco-friendliness, and robust regenerative attributes. A major challenge of moisture-responsive soft actuators (MRSAs) is achieving significant bending curvature within short response times. Many plants naturally perform large deformation through a layered hierarchical structure in response to moisture stimuli. Drawing inspiration from the bionic structure of Delosperma nakurense (D. nakurense) seed capsule, here the fabrication of an ultrafast bi-directional bending MRSAs is reported. Combining a superfine silk fibroin rod (SFR) modified graphene oxide (GO) moisture-responsive layer with a moisture-inert layer of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), this actuator demonstrated large bi-directional bending deformation (-4.06 ± 0.09 to 10.44 ± 0.00 cm-1) and ultrafast bending rates (7.06 cm-1 s-1). The high deformation rate is achieved by incorporating the SFR into the moisture-responsive layers, facilitating rapid water transmission within the interlayer structure. The complex yet predictable deformations of this actuator are demonstrated that can be utilized in smart switch, robotic arms, and walking device. The proposed SFR modification method is simple and versatile, enhancing the functionality of hierarchical layered actuators. It holds the potential to advance intelligent soft robots for application in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zongpu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShaTin, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Bee Resource Utilization and Innovation of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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2
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Chen Z, Zhao X, Gao B, Xu L, Chen H, Liu Z, Li P, Yan Q, Zheng H, Xue F, Xiong J, Ding R, Fei T, Tang Z, Peng Q, Hu Y, He X. Biobased Inks Based on Cuttlefish Ink and Cellulose Nanofibers for Biodegradable Patterned Soft Actuators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22547-22557. [PMID: 38628112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Soft actuators with stimuli-responsive and reversible deformations have shown great promise in soft robotics. However, some challenges remain in existing actuators, such as the materials involved derived from nonrenewable resources, complex and nonscalable preparation methods, and incapability of complex and programmable deformation. Here, a biobased ink based on cuttlefish ink nanoparticles (CINPs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) was developed, allowing for the preparation of biodegradable patterned actuators by direct ink writing technology. The hybrid CNF/CINP ink displays good rheological properties, allowing it to be accurately printed on a variety of flexible substrates. A bilayer actuator was developed by printing an ink layer on a biodegradable poly(lactic acid) film using extrusion-based 3D printing technology, which exhibits reversible and large bending behavior under the stimuli of humidity and light. Furthermore, programmable and reversible folding and coiling deformations in response to stimuli have been achieved by adjusting the ink patterns. This work offers a fast, scalable, and cost-effective strategy for the development of biodegradable patterned actuators with programmable shape-morphing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - He Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zonglin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Pengyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Haowen Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Fuhua Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Renjie Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhigong Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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3
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Sheng J, Jiang S, Geng T, Huang Z, Li J, Jiang L. Ultrarobust Actuator Comprising High-Strength Carbon Fibers and Commercially Available Polycarbonate with Multi-Stimulus Responses and Programmable Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1144. [PMID: 38675063 PMCID: PMC11053830 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based actuators have gained extensive attention owing to their potential applications in aerospace, soft robotics, etc. However, poor mechanical properties, the inability of multi-stimuli response and programmable deformation, and the costly fabrication procedure have significantly hindered their practical application. Herein, these issues are overcome via a simple and scalable one-step molding method. The actuator is fabricated by hot-pressing commercial unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy prepregs with a commodity PC membrane. Notable CTE differences between the CF and PC layers endow the bilayer actuator with fast and reliable actuation deformation. Benefiting from the high strength of CF, the actuator exhibits excellent mechanical performance. Moreover, the anisotropy of CF endows the actuator with design flexibility. Furthermore, the multifunction of CF makes the actuator capable of responding to thermal, optical, and electrical stimulation simultaneously. Based on the bilayer actuator, we successfully fabricated intelligent devices such as light-driven biomimetic flowers, intelligent grippers, and gesture-simulating apparatuses, which further validate the programmability and multi-stimuli response characteristics of this actuator. Strikingly, the prepared gripper possesses a grasping capacity approximately 31.2 times its own weight. It is thus believed that the concept presented paves the way for building next-generation robust robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Carbon Composition Material, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shengkun Jiang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Carbon Composition Material, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tie Geng
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Zhengqiang Huang
- Zhong Yuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 451191, China;
| | - Jiquan Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
| | - Lin Jiang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Composite Materials, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (J.S.); (S.J.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Carbon Composition Material, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;
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4
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Li X, Wu Z, Li B, Xing Y, Huang P, Liu L. Selaginella lepidophylla-Inspired Multi-Stimulus Cooperative Control MXene-Based Flexible Actuator. Soft Robot 2023; 10:861-872. [PMID: 37335927 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictable bending deformation, high cycle stability, and multimode complex motion have always been the goals pursued in the field of flexible robots. In this study, inspired by the delicate structure and humidity response characteristics of Selaginella lepidophylla, a new multilevel assisted assembly strategy was developed to construct MXene-CoFe2O4 (MXCFO) flexible actuators with different concentration gradients, to achieve predictable bending deformation and multi-stimulus cooperative control of the actuators, revealing the intrinsic link between the gradient change and the bending deformation ability of the actuator. The thickness of the actuator shows uniformity compared with the common layer-by-layer assembly strategy. And, the bionic gradient structured actuator shows high cycle stability, and it maintains excellent interlayer bonding after bending 100 times. The flexible robots designed based on the predictable bending deformation and the multi-stimulus cooperative response characteristics of the actuator initially realize conceptual models of humidity monitoring, climbing, grasping, cargo transportation, and drug delivery. The designed bionic gradient structure and unbound multi-stimulus cooperative control strategy may show great potential in the design and development of robots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Lee GS, Kim JG, Kim JT, Lee CW, Cha S, Choi GB, Lim J, Padmajan Sasikala S, Kim SO. 2D Materials Beyond Post-AI Era: Smart Fibers, Soft Robotics, and Single Atom Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307689. [PMID: 37777874 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent consecutive discoveries of various 2D materials have triggered significant scientific and technological interests owing to their exceptional material properties, originally stemming from 2D confined geometry. Ever-expanding library of 2D materials can provide ideal solutions to critical challenges facing in current technological trend of the fourth industrial revolution. Moreover, chemical modification of 2D materials to customize their physical/chemical properties can satisfy the broad spectrum of different specific requirements across diverse application areas. This review focuses on three particular emerging application areas of 2D materials: smart fibers, soft robotics, and single atom catalysts (SACs), which hold immense potentials for academic and technological advancements in the post-artificial intelligence (AI) era. Smart fibers showcase unconventional functionalities including healthcare/environmental monitoring, energy storage/harvesting, and antipathogenic protection in the forms of wearable fibers and textiles. Soft robotics aligns with future trend to overcome longstanding limitations of hard-material based mechanics by introducing soft actuators and sensors. SACs are widely useful in energy storage/conversion and environmental management, principally contributing to low carbon footprint for sustainable post-AI era. Significance and unique values of 2D materials in these emerging applications are highlighted, where the research group has devoted research efforts for more than a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang San Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Goo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Bong Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Lim
- Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Nanocentry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Materials Creation, Seoul, 06179, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Sun T, Zhang D, Sun S, Liu J, Li B, Zhu W, Shi Z. Study of a Multiple Responses, High Deformation, and Programmable PLA-PPC/PVA-PDA Actuator. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300327. [PMID: 37595144 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The intelligent response actuators based on bilayer polymer can deform under the stimulation of temperature, humidity, light, and other external environment, which is the focus of research. However, achieving multiple responses, high deformation, and programmability is still one of the challenges for these actuators. Herein, a nondetachable bilayer structure, polylactic acid-polypropylene carbonate/polyvinyl alcohol-polydopamine (PLA-PPC/PVA-PDA) multiresponse programmable actuator is prepared by a simple scraping film method. Using PLA-PPC as the solvent-driven response layer, the effects of length, thickness, shape, and solvent vapor on the deformation of PLA-PPC/PVA-PDA actuators are studied. Among them, the high curvature of the film stimulated by ethyl acetate (EA) solution is 29.85 cm-1 . Using PVA-PDA as the response layer to water molecules and infrared (IR) light, the bilayer film shows excellent curling performance. Moreover, the dynamic processes of human clothing and biomimetic squid under solvent stimulation, the picture rolling motion under water molecule stimulation, the biomimetic flower blooming and merging under the synergistic of water molecules and IR light, and the deformation process of biomimetic mimosa under the competition between water molecules and IR light are simulated, which broadens the road for the development of intelligent driving materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Dashuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Shishu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Jinrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Bangsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Wenya Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Zaifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, P. R. China
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Wang X, Pu W, Zhang R, Wei F. Inchworm-like Soft Robot with Multi-Responsive Bilayer Films. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:443. [PMID: 37754194 PMCID: PMC10526967 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important branch of robotics, soft robots have the advantages of strong flexibility, a simple structure, and high safety. These characteristics enable soft robots to be widely used in various fields such as biomedicine, military reconnaissance, and micro space exploration. However, contemporary soft crawling robots still face problems such as the single drive mode and complex external equipment. In this study, we propose an innovative design of an inchworm-like soft crawling robot utilizing the synergistic interaction of electricity and moisture for its hybrid dual-drive locomotion. The legs of the soft robot are mainly made of GO-CNT/PE composite film, which can convert its own volume expansion into a corresponding bending motion after being stimulated by electricity or moisture. Unlike other drive methods, it requires less power and precision from external devices. The combination of the two driving methods greatly improves the environmental adaptability of the soft robot, and we developed visible light as the driving method on the basis of the dual drive. Finally, we also verified the robot's excellent load capacity, climbing ability, and optical drive effect, which laid the foundation for the application of soft robots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fanan Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (X.W.); (W.P.); (R.Z.)
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8
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Han XC, Wang Q, Chen ZD, Zhou H, Cai Q, Han DD. Laser-reduced graphene oxide for a flexible liquid sliding sensing surface. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:839-842. [PMID: 36723602 DOI: 10.1364/ol.482397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic skin is a flexible sensor system that imitates human skin. Recently, flexible sensors have been successfully developed. However, the droplet sliding sensing technology on a flexible electronic skin surface is still challenging. In this Letter, a flexible droplet sliding sensing surface is proposed and fabricated by laser-reduced graphene oxide (LRGO). The LRGO shows porous structures and low surface energy, which are beneficial for infusing lubricants and fabricating stable slippery surfaces. The slippery surface guarantees free sliding of droplets. The droplet sliding sensing mechanism is a combination of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction. After a NaCl droplet slides from lubricant-infused LRGO, a potential difference (∼0.2 mV) can be measured between two Ag electrodes. This study reveals considerable potential applications in intelligent robots and the medical field.
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9
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Mao T, Liu Z, Guo X, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang T, Geng S, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z. Engineering Covalent Organic Frameworks with Polyethylene Glycol as Self-Sustained Humidity-Responsive Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216318. [PMID: 36409291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the global energy crisis, it is of profound significance to develop spontaneous power generators that harvest natural energy. Fabricating humidity-responsive actuators that can conduct such energy transduction is of paramount importance. Herein, we incorporate covalent organic frameworks with flexible polyethylene glycol to fabricate rigid-flexible coupled membrane actuators. This strategy significantly improves the mechanical properties and humidity-responsive performance of the actuators, meanwhile, the existence of ordered structures enables us to unveil the actuation mechanism. These high-performance actuators can achieve various actuation applications and exhibit interesting self-oscillation behavior above a water surface. Finally, after being coupled with a piezoelectric film, the bilayer device can spontaneously output electricity over 2 days. This work paves a new avenue to fabricate rigid-flexible coupled actuators for self-sustained energy transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiuxiu Guo
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shubo Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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10
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Zhang F, Yang M, Xu X, Liu X, Liu H, Jiang L, Wang S. Unperceivable motion mimicking hygroscopic geometric reshaping of pine cones. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1357-1365. [PMID: 36357689 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopic deformation of pine cones, featured by opening and closing their scales depending on the environmental humidity, is a well-known stimuli-responsive model system for artificial actuators. However, it has not been noted that the deformation of pine cones is an ultra-slow process. Here, we reveal that vascular bundles with unique parallelly arranged spring/square microtubular heterostructures dominate the hygroscopic movement, characterized as ultra-slow motion with the outer sclereids. The spring microtubes give a much larger hygroscopic deformation than that of the square microtubes along the longitudinal axis direction, which bends the vascular bundles and consequently drives the scales to move. The outer sclereids with good water retention enable the vascular-bundle-triggered deformation to proceed ultra-slowly. Drawing inspiration, we developed soft actuators enabling controllable yet unperceivable motion. The motion velocity is almost two orders of magnitude lower than that of the same-class actuators reported, which made the as-developed soft actuators applicable in camouflage and reconnaissance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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11
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Yu L, Huang D, Wang X, Yu W, Yue Y. Tuning thermal and electrical properties of MXenes via dehydration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25969-25978. [PMID: 36263720 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, MXenes (a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides) have attracted great attention in various applications such as humidity sensors, owing to their unique electrical and thermal properties. However, previous studies of MXenes mostly focus on their humidity-sensing characteristics such as the mechanical response, and only few reports on their electrical and thermal response are available. Herein, we present novel transient electrothermal experiments to demonstrate that a transition from a negative to a positive resistance-temperature relationship can take place when the MXene sample becomes fully dehydrated. This surprising and unusual phenomenon was elucidated through non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and attributed to water absorption/desorption onto the chemically active MXene surface. A linear relationship was also found between electrical/thermal properties and environmental humidity, which could be related to water adsorption on the surface of the MXene sensor. We further decomposed the total measured thermal conductivity and found that phonons were the dominant thermal carriers in the MXene sample. The main breakthrough of this work is the discovery of the unusual resistance-temperature relationship, which should be applicable to the design of MXene-based sensors for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Yu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Dezhao Huang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xuezi Wang
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
- Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Yanan Yue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
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12
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Ma JN, Zhang YL, Han DD, Sun HB. Reconfigurable, Reversible, and Redefinable Deformation of GO Based on Quantum-Confined-Superfluidics Effect. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8093-8100. [PMID: 36201184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) films with natural "quantum-confined-superfluidics" (QSF) channels for moisture actuation have emerged as a smart material for actuators and soft robots. However, programming the deformation of GO by engineering QSF nanochannels around 1 nm is extremely challenging. Herein, we report the reconfigurable, reversible, and redefinable deformation of GO under moisture actuation by tailoring QSF channels via moisture-assisted strain-induced wrinkling (MSW). The shape fixity ratio of a general GO film can reach ∼84% after the MSW process, and the shape recovery ratio is ∼83% at room temperature under moisture actuation. The flexible shaping and deformation abilites, as well as the self-healing property of GO make it possible to fabricate soft robots using GO. Besides, as a proof-of-concept, passive electronics and soft robots capable of crawling, turning, switching circuit, and automatic somersault are demonstrated. With unique shaping and deformation abilities, GO may bring great implications for future soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, China
| | - Yong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun130012, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang R, Tan W, Gu Y, Yu X, Zhu L, Liu L. Development and challenges of smart actuators based on water-responsive materials. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5725-5741. [PMID: 35904079 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water-responsive (WR) materials, due to their controllable mechanical response to humidity without energy actuation, have attracted lots of attention to the development of smart actuators. WR material-based smart actuators can transform natural humidity to a required mechanical motion and have been widely used in various fields, such as soft robots, micro-generators, smart building materials, and textiles. In this paper, the development of smart actuators based on different WR materials has been reviewed systematically. First, the properties of different biological WR materials and the corresponding actuators are summarized, including plant materials, animal materials, and microorganism materials. Additionally, various synthetic WR materials and their related applications in smart actuators have also been introduced in detail, including hydrophilic polymers, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and other synthetic materials. Finally, the challenges of the WR actuator are analyzed from the three perspectives of actuator design, control methods, and compatibility, and the potential solutions are also discussed. This paper may be useful for the development of not only soft actuators that are based on WR materials, but also smart materials applied to renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Ruiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
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14
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Jiao ZZ, Zhou H, Han XC, Han DD, Zhang YL. Photothermal Responsive Slippery Surfaces Based on Laser-Structured Graphene@PVDF Composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 629:582-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Sun M, Wang P, Zheng G, Dai K, Liu C, Shen C. Multi-stimuli-responsive actuator based on bilayered thermoplastic film. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5052-5059. [PMID: 35758137 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00605g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, soft actuators have attracted considerable interest owing to their biomimetic performance. Unfortunately, it remains a great challenge to fabricate multi-stimuli-responsive soft actuators by a facile but low-cost method. Herein, a thermoplastic film with bilayered architecture was designed and fabricated by a one-step method. This bilayered thermoplastic film can act as a soft actuator, demonstrating versatile shape-programmable performance in response to acetone vapor exposure and temperature change. Interestingly, diverse biomimetic devices including a worm-like self-walker, crawler-type robot and soft gripper can be realized, which highlights its promising applications in biomimetic robots, artificial muscles and automatic devices. Considering the one-step preparation process and the low-cost raw materials, this approach can be cost-effectively scaled up for practical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Panlong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Kun Dai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chuntai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Changyu Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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16
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Ganesan M, Kumar R, Satapathy DK. Bidirectional Actuation of Silk Fibroin Films: Role of Water and Alcohol Vapors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6066-6075. [PMID: 35500271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) shape morphism observed in nature inspires the development of stimuli-responsive soft actuators. Vapor-responsive actuators are promising among the different stimuli-responsive materials due to their capability to produce macroscale movements in response to a minuscule amount of specific chemical vapor. Here, we report unusual multiple vapor-responsive bidirectional macroscale actuation behaviors of single-layer regenerated silk fibroin films. The vapor-responsive silk fibroin actuator exhibits antagonistic actuation characteristics in a reversible manner to both water and ethanol vapors. For instance, it produces an upward bending in the presence of water vapor and downward bending in ethanol vapor, which demonstrates the chemical vapor-specific actuation. However, the actuation characteristics remain largely invariant upon changing the polarity of alcohol molecules. The silk fibroin actuators effectively utilize the vapor-induced minuscule expansion and contraction of the film surface to produce large-scale actuation, which is fully reversible. The intrinsic water content of the films and the vapor pressure of the stimulants are exploited to control the actuation performance. Further, we demonstrated the 3D shape morphing ability of the actuator by generating an undulating wavelike motion via preprogrammed water and ethanol vapor exposure conditions. The change in the actuation direction is instantaneous, which ensures the sensitivity and rapid response of the fabricated actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Ganesan
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, India
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & Ceramic Technologies Group, Centre of Excellence in Materials & Manufacturing for Futuristic Mobility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & Ceramic Technologies Group, Centre of Excellence in Materials & Manufacturing for Futuristic Mobility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Dillip K Satapathy
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai 600036, India
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17
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Xiang Y, Li B, Li B, Bao L, Sheng W, Ma Y, Ma S, Yu B, Zhou F. Toward a Multifunctional Light-Driven Biomimetic Mudskipper-Like Robot for Various Application Scenarios. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20291-20302. [PMID: 35442618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The systematicness, flexibility, and complexity of natural biological organisms are a constant stream of inspiration for researchers. Therefore, mimicking the natural intelligence system to develop microrobotics has attracted broad interests. However, developing a multifunctional device for various application scenarios has great challenges. Herein, we present a bionic multifunctional actuation device─a light-driven mudskipper-like actuator that is composed of a porous silicone elastomer and graphene oxide. The actuator exhibits a reversible and well-integrated response to near-infrared (NIR) light due to the photothermal-induced contractile stress in the actuation film, which promotes generation of cyclical and rapid locomotion upon NIR light being switched on and off, such as bending in air and crawling in liquid. Furthermore, through rational device design and modulation of light, the mechanically versatile device can float and swim controllably following a predesigned route at the liquid/air interface. More interestingly, the actuator can jump from liquid medium to air with an extremely short response time (400 ms), a maximum speed of 2 m s-1, and a height of 14.3 cm under the stimulation of near-infrared light. The present work possesses great potential in the applications of bioinspired actuators in various fields, such as microrobots, sensors, and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bianhong Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Luyao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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18
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Mechanically and operationally stable flexible inverted perovskite solar cells with 20.32% efficiency by a simple oligomer cross-linking method. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:794-802. [PMID: 36546232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to their great potential in wearable and portable electronics, flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have been extensively studied. The major challenges in the practical applications of FPSCs are efficiency, operational stability, and mechanical stability. Herein, we developed a facile approach by incorporating a cross-linking oligomer of trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TET) into perovskite films to simultaneously enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of FPSCs. A PCE of 20.32% was achieved, which are among the best results for the inverted FPSCs. Both mechanical and environmental stabilities were improved for the TET-incorporated FPSCs. In particular, the PCE retained approximately 87% of its initial value after 20,000 bending cycles at a radius of 4 mm. The inverted FPSCs retained 85% of the initial PCE after 500 h storage at 85 °C and 90% after 900 h continuous one-sun illumination. A joint experiment-theory analysis ascribed the underlying mechanism to the reduced defect densities, improved crystallinity, and stability of the perovskite absorbers on flexible substrates caused by TET incorporation.
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19
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Peng Z, Yu C, Zhong W. Facile Preparation of a 3D Porous Aligned Graphene-Based Wall Network Architecture by Confined Self-Assembly with Shape Memory for Artificial Muscle, Pressure Sensor, and Flexible Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17739-17753. [PMID: 35389612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of a novel preparation strategy for 3D porous network structures with an aligned channel or wall is always in challenge. Herein, a 3D porous network composed of an aligned graphene-based wall is fabricated by a confined self-assembly strategy in which holey reduced graphene oxide (HrGO)/lignin sulfonate (Lig) composites are orientedly anchored on the framework of the Lig/single-wall carbon nanotube (Lig/SWCNT) hydrogel by vacuum-assisted filtration accompanied with confined self-assembly and followed with hydrothermal treatment. After freeze drying, the obtained ultralight Lig/SWCNT/HrGOal aerogel exhibits excellent shape memory properties and can roll back to the original shape even if suffering from a high compressive strain of 86.2%. Furthermore, the as-prepared aerogel used as a water-driven artificial muscle shows powerful driving force and can lift ultrahigh weight cargo that is 1030.6 times its own weight. When the prepared Lig/SWCNT/HrGOal aerogel is used as a pressure sensor, it also exhibits high sensitivity (2.28 kPa-1) and a wide detection region of 0.27-14.1 kPa. Additionally, the symmetric flexible supercapacitor assembled with as-prepared aerogel films shows superior stored energy performance that can tolerate 5000 cycles of bending. The present work not only fabricates a high-performance multifunctional material but also develops a new strategy for the preparation a wood-like 3D porous aligned wall network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Chuying Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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20
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Xue J, Ge Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Jiang J, Li G. Photoprogrammable Moisture-Responsive Actuation of a Shape Memory Polymer Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10836-10843. [PMID: 35167262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humidity-responsive polymeric actuators have gained considerable interest due to their great potential in the fields including soft robotics, artificial muscles, smart sensors, and actuators. However, most of them can only exhibit invariable shape changes, which severely restricts their further exploration and practical use. Herein, we report that programmable humidity-responsive actuating behaviors can be realized by introducing photoprogrammable hygroscopic patterns into shape memory polymers. Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) is selected as a model polymer and the solvent-processed thin films are soft and elastic, whose external shapes can be programmed by a modified shape memory process. On another aspect, an Fe3+-carboxylate coordinating network formed by surface treatments can be spatially dissociated under UV, resulting in transient hygroscopic gradients as active joints for moisture-driven actuation. Moreover, we show that the shape memory effect can be an effective means to adjust the direction as well as the amplitude of the moisture-driven actuating behavior. The proposed strategy is convenient and can be generally extended to other shape memory polymers to realize programmable moisture-responsive actuating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Yuhua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
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21
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Heterogeneous self-healing assembly of MXene and graphene oxide enables producing free-standing and self-reparable soft electronics and robots. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:501-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Liang SY, Liu YF, Wang SY, Xia H, Sun HB. High-resolution in situ patterning of perovskite quantum dots via femtosecond laser direct writing. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1174-1178. [PMID: 35006222 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have exhibited great potential for optoelectronic applications, including displays, lasers, anti-counterfeiting and information storage. However, the high-resolution patterning technique of QDs is still a challenge, while precise patterned QDs are of great value for practical applications. Here, a femtosecond laser direct writing strategy was demonstrated for the in situ fabrication of high-resolution-patterned perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) by the laser-induced Marangoni flow to aggregate and deposit the PQDs based on the opto-thermoelectric mechanism. By regulating the laser power and the exposure time, the minimum line width could reach 1.58 μm. Importantly, through the patterning of red, green and blue PQDs, the strategy exhibited the applicability in full-color PQD materials. Moreover, the deposited PQDs can preserve the original photophysical properties including photoluminescence spectra and excited state lifetime. The approach provides a strategy to fabricate high-resolution patterned PQDs in situ, which is a promising alternative in photonic applications including high-resolution displays and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yue-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shen-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Laser Fabrication of Titanium Alloy-Based Photothermal Responsive Slippery Surface. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biomimetic materials inspired from natural organisms have attracted great attention due to their promising functionalities and cutting-edge applications, emerging as an important research topic. For example, how to reduce the reflectivity of the solid surface and increase the absorption of the substrate surface is essential for developing light response smart surface. Suitable solutions to this issue can be found in natural creatures; however, it is technologically challenging. In this work, inspired from butterfly wings, we proposed a laser processing technology to prepare micro nanostructured titanium alloy surfaces with anti-reflection properties. The reflectivity is significantly suppressed, and thus, the light absorption is improved. Consequently, the anti-reflection titanium alloy surface can be further employed as a photothermal substrate for developing light-responsive slippery surface. The sliding behavior of liquid droplets on the smart slippery surface can be well controlled via light irradiation. This method facilitates the preparation of low-reflection and high-absorption metallic surfaces towards bionic applications.
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24
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Biliškov N. Infrared spectroscopic monitoring of solid-state processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19073-19120. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We put a spotlight on IR spectroscopic investigations in materials science by providing a critical insight into the state of the art, covering both fundamental aspects, examples of its utilisation, and current challenges and perspectives focusing on the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Biliškov
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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Yi J, Zhou H, Wei WH, Han XC, Han DD, Gao BR. Micro-/Nano-Structures Fabricated by Laser Technologies for Optoelectronic Devices. Front Chem 2021; 9:823715. [PMID: 34976958 PMCID: PMC8716495 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.823715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to unique optical and electrical properties, micro-/nano-structures have become an essential part of optoelectronic devices. Here, we summarize the recent developments in micro-/nano-structures fabricated by laser technologies for optoelectronic devices. The fabrication of micro-/nano-structures by various laser technologies is reviewed. Micro-/nano-structures in optoelectronic devices for performance improvement are reviewed. In addition, typical optoelectronic devices with micro-nano structures are also summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects are discussed.
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Abstract
Electro-responsive actuators (ERAs) hold great promise for cutting-edge applications in e-skins, soft robots, unmanned flight, and in vivo surgery devices due to the advantages of fast response, precise control, programmable deformation, and the ease of integration with control circuits. Recently, considering the excellent physical/chemical/mechanical properties (e.g., high carrier mobility, strong mechanical strength, outstanding thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, flexibility, and transparency), graphene and its derivatives have emerged as an appealing material in developing ERAs. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances in graphene-based ERAs. Typical the working mechanisms of graphene ERAs have been introduced. Design principles and working performance of three typical types of graphene ERAs (e.g., electrostatic actuators, electrothermal actuators, and ionic actuators) have been comprehensively summarized. Besides, emerging applications of graphene ERAs, including artificial muscles, bionic robots, human-soft actuators interaction, and other smart devices, have been reviewed. At last, the current challenges and future perspectives of graphene ERAs are discussed.
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Joh H, Fan DE. Materials and Schemes of Multimodal Reconfigurable Micro/Nanomachines and Robots: Review and Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101965. [PMID: 34410023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically programmable, reconfigurable micro/nanoscale materials that can dynamically change their mechanical properties or behaviors, or morph into distinct assemblies or swarms in response to stimuli have greatly piqued the interest of the science community due to their unprecedented potentials in both fundamental research and technological applications. To date, a variety of designs of hard and soft materials, as well as actuation schemes based on mechanisms including chemical reactions and magnetic, acoustic, optical, and electric stimuli, have been reported. Herein, state-of-the-art micro/nanostructures and operation schemes for multimodal reconfigurable micro/nanomachines and swarms, as well as potential new materials and working principles, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmok Joh
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Ge Y, Wang H, Xue J, Jiang J, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li G, Zhao Y. Programmable Humidity-Responsive Actuation of Polymer Films Enabled by Combining Shape Memory Property and Surface-Tunable Hygroscopicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38773-38782. [PMID: 34369771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most humidity-responsive polymeric actuators can only exhibit shape transformations between a planar shape in the dry state and a bended three-dimensional (3D) shape when exposed to moisture, and it is challenging to design and prepare hygroscopic actuators with programmable actuating behaviors displayed from sophisticated 3D structures. Herein, we demonstrate that the integration of shape memory property and surface treatment enabled hygromorphic responsivity endows a single-component polymer film with programmable moisture-driven actuating behaviors. The solvent-processed polyethylene-co-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer film is soft and stretchable at room temperature, and has a good thermal-responsive shape memory property. By surface treatment using base/acid solutions, the reversible gradient conversion between carboxyl groups and carboxylate salts along the thickness direction enables the film to exhibit designed hygroscopic actuations. The shape memory property and moisture-driven actuating behaviors can be combined to realize 3D-3D morphing by first programming the films into 3D shapes and then conducting the surface treatments. Both shape programming and surface treatment processes can be reprogrammed to make the actuation behavior readily tunable. We also show that the created surface patterns can act as moisture-sensitive conducting paths to detect human breathes, and the combination of shape memory, moisture-responsive morphing and conductivity change leads to some interesting applications such as smart switch in conducting circuit. This work provides a new and general strategy for the design of advanced humidity-responsive actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Jieying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Jinqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhaotie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Zhongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710062, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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Wei J, Jia S, Wei J, Ma C, Shao Z. Tough and Multifunctional Composite Film Actuators Based on Cellulose Nanofibers toward Smart Wearables. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38700-38711. [PMID: 34370460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although humidity-responsive actuators serve as a promising candidate in smart wearables, artificial muscles, and biomimetic devices, most of them derived from synthetic polymers could not simultaneously achieve multifunctional properties. In this work, a cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based film actuator with high mechanical properties, excellent Joule heating, and antibacterial capability is successfully constructed by integrating with Ti3C2Tx (MXene) and tannic acid (TA) via a vacuum-assisted filtration approach. Owing to the unique nacrelike structure and strong hydrogen bonds, the tensile strength and toughness of the composite film could reach 275.4 MPa and 10.2 MJ·m-3, respectively. Importantly, the hydrophilic nature of CNFs and alterable interlayer spacing of MXene nanosheets endow the composite film with sensitive humidity response and extraordinary stability (1000 cycles). With the assistance of MXene nanosheets and TA, the composite film could not only present outstanding Joule heating but also possess remarkable antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Benefiting from the above merits, the proof-of-concept smart garment is assembled by the as-prepared film and is capable of regulating humidity and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jia
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Zeng H, Wang Y, Jiang T, Xia H, Gu X, Chen H. Recent progress of biomimetic motions-from microscopic micro/nanomotors to macroscopic actuators and soft robotics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27406-27419. [PMID: 35480677 PMCID: PMC9037800 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Motion is a basic behavioral attribute of organisms, and it is a behavioral response of organisms to the external environment and internal state changes. Materials with switchable mechanical properties are widespread in living organisms and play crucial roles in the motion of organisms. Therefore, significant efforts have been made toward mimicking such architectures and motion behaviors by making full use of the properties of stimulus-responsive materials to design smart materials/machines with specific functions. In recent years, the biomimetic motions based on micro/nanomotors, actuators and soft robots constructed from smart response materials have been developed gradually. However, a comprehensive discussion on various categories of biomimetic motions in this field is still missing. This review aims to provide such a panoramic overview. From nano-to macroscales, we summarize various biomimetic motions based on micro/nanomotors, actuators and soft robotics. For each biomimetic motion, we discuss the driving modes and the key functions. The challenges and opportunities of biomimetic motions are also discussed. With rapidly increasing innovation, advanced, intelligent and multifunctional biomimetic motions based on micro/nanomotors, actuators and soft robotics will certainly bring profound impacts and changes for human life in the near future. Biomimetic motions are derived from the many different functional materials and/or intricate and highly organized structure of the biological material from the molecular to the nanoscale, microscale and macroscale.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Hongqin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Xue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yarn Materials Forming and Composite Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China .,Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
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32
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Li SX, Xu XL, Yang Y, Xu YS, Xu Y, Xia H. Highly Deformable High-Performance Paper-Based Perovskite Photodetector with Improved Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31919-31927. [PMID: 34225452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based photodetectors have attracted extensive research interest owing to their environmentally friendly and highly deformable properties. Although perovskite crystals with outstanding optoelectronic properties have proved to be one of the most promising candidates for photodetectors, the development of paper-based photodetectors is hindered by the moisture absorptivity of paper and the instability of perovskite crystals in a humid atmosphere. In this study, we demonstrate a highly deformable and high-performance paper-based perovskite photodetector. The photodetector maintains its excellent performance even after exposure to a relative humidity of 60% for 120 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yi-Shi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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Xu T, Pei D, Yu S, Zhang X, Yi M, Li C. Design of MXene Composites with Biomimetic Rapid and Self-Oscillating Actuation under Ambient Circumstances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31978-31985. [PMID: 34190534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although responsive actuators have been intensively investigated, it remains challenging to enable rapid and self-oscillating actuation under ambient circumstances without human intervention analogous to living organisms. By hybridizing a unique type of two-dimensional nanomaterials (i.e., MXene) with a particular hydrophilic polymer, a smart and flexible conductive composite was produced with rapid actuation and spontaneous oscillation near a moist surface. Due to the presence of layered microstructures and the moisture-sensitivity improved by surface roughness and intercalated polymeric layers, the composites could reversibly bend up to 180° in 2 s or 210° in 10 s on demand when the circumstantial humidity was varied, being superior or comparable to many actuators in the literature. More importantly, the composite was capable not only of flipping upside down repeatedly on the moist surface but also of self-oscillating ceaselessly under ambient gradient humidity without human intervention, e.g., an oscillation between 30 and 100° with an oscillation frequency of 0.08 Hz. This self-oscillation resulted from the occurrence of rapid asymmetrical hydration and dehydration of the composite between the regions of high and low humidity, which could further be modulated both by different hydrophilic polymers and by photoradiation owing to the photothermal effect of MXene nanosheets. Because of the ubiquitous presence of humidity gradient near the moist surface, this type of smart composite may not only offer a strategy for designing artificial materials that are capable of spontaneous actuation under ambient circumstance without human intervention but also promise potential applications in artificial muscles, autonomous robotics, and energy harvesting from environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Xu
- Chemical Engineering College, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Pei
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shanyu Yu
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meigui Yi
- Chemical Engineering College, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxu Li
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Han D, Mao J, Ma J, Zhang Y, Sun H. Bioinspired Soft Robots Based on the Moisture-Responsive Graphene Oxide. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002464. [PMID: 34026430 PMCID: PMC8132057 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), which has many oxygen functional groups, is a promising candidate for use in moisture-responsive sensors and actuators due to the strong water-GO interaction and the ultrafast transport of water molecules within the stacked GO sheets. In the last 5 years, moisture-responsive actuators based on GO have shown distinct advantages over other stimuli-responsive materials and devices. Particularly, inspired by nature organisms, various moisture-enabled soft robots have been successfully developed via rational assembly of the GO-based actuators. Herein, the milestones in the development of moisture-responsive soft robots based on GO are summarized. In addition, the working mechanisms, design principles, current achievement, and prospects are also comprehensively reviewed. In particular, the GO-based soft robots are at the forefront of the advancement of automatable smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Zhao‐Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Dong‐Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Jiang‐Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Jia‐Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Yong‐Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
| | - Hong‐Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated OptoelectronicsCollege of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and InstrumentsDepartment of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityHaidian DistrictBeijing100084China
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Ding L, Zhang J, Shu Q, Liu S, Xuan S, Gong X, Zhang D. Magnetism-Responsive Anisotropic Film with Self-Sensing and Multifunctional Shape Manipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13724-13734. [PMID: 33689273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At small scales, shape-programmable magnetic materials and self-sensing conductive materials have an enticing potential for realizing the functionalities that are unattainable by traditional machines. This work reports a facile preparation method of aself-sensing magnetism-responsive anisotropic films (SMAF) in which magnetic materials and conductive materials can be predesigned, oriented, and patterned without requiring an external magnetic field generator or other expensive devices. A variety of shaped magnetoactive films with complex chain-orientation structures that can achieve advanced actuation functions have been developed, such as magnetically driven flowers, windmills, and leaves. It is also verified that the as-prepared samples coated with the sensing layer can distinguish different actuation modes, such as inward bending, outward bending, twisting, and combined deformation, which would be conducive to further exploration and development of directionally responsive applications in the smart actuating system and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China
| | - Quan Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China
| | - Siyong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shouhu Xuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230027, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai 200072, China
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Wang J, Ma H, Liu Y, Xie Z, Fan Z. MXene-Based Humidity-Responsive Actuators: Preparation and Properties. Chempluschem 2021; 86:406-417. [PMID: 33645899 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Water is a significant and abundant resource as well as a pure natural energy source. Many researchers have been reported on humidity-responsive actuators that mimick the humidity responsive behavior that widely exists in nature. Benefiting from advantages such as hydrophilicity, high electrical conductivity, and good dispersibility, MXenes (Ti3 C2 Tx ) show promising performance when applied to humidity-responsive actuators. This Minireview describes the preparation methods and structural characteristics of MXenes, and the mechanism of humidity-responsive actuators. Recent important advances of MXene materials in actuators are objectively reviewed and evaluated, and existing issues are discussed. In addition, the development of these systems is outlined from the aspects of MXene preparation, structure control, design and assembly, and applications, and provides new ideas and guidance for the development of the next generation of high-performance MXene-based humidity-responsive actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion, and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Haoxiang Ma
- Deep Sea Engineering Division, Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion, and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology, on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion, and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Han DD, Cai Q, Chen ZD, Li JC, Mao JW, Lv P, Gao BR. Bioinspired Surfaces With Switchable Wettability. Front Chem 2020; 8:692. [PMID: 32903458 PMCID: PMC7434979 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface wettability of plants exhibits many unique advantages, which enhances the environmental adaptability of plants. In view of the rapid development of responsive materials, smart surfaces have been explored extensively to regulate surface wettability through external stimuli. Herein, we summarized recent advancements in bioinspired surfaces with switchable wettability. Typical bioinspired surfaces with switchable wettability and their emerging applications have been reviewed. In the end, we have discussed the remaining challenges and provided perspective on future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao-Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing-Rong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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38
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Gao T, Xu G, Wen Y, Cheng H, Li C, Qu L. An intelligent film actuator with multi-level deformation behaviour. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1226-1232. [PMID: 32608437 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials with simply reversible deformation or reconfigurability have shown great potential in artificial muscles, robots, controlled displays, etc. However, the combination of reversible and reconfigured functions in responsive materials, which can endow them with mature and complex actuation performance similar to that of living things, is still a great challenge. In this regard, we report an intelligent graphene oxide (GO)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film with reconfigured structures resulting from inner plastic deformation after treatment at elevated temperature (40-80 °C), which simultaneously expresses basically and secondarily reversible deformation ability of its original and reconfigured states in response to external stimuli (e.g. IR light and moisture), respectively. As a result, this film achieves unique multi-level actuation behaviour by combining reversible and reconfigured functions. Based on this, an "Artificial Pupil" with two switchable light penetration modes under the different reconfigured states was designed and developed. Furthermore, many special and reconfigured 3D structures (e.g. cubic boxes, pyramids) have been well explored, which is promising for applications in future materials engineering and biomimetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Wang J, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Xie Z, Yin L, Wang W, Song Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Fan Z. Highly Conductive MXene Film Actuator Based on Moisture Gradients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14029-14033. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Cheng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Liang Yin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Wu Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yingbin Song
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Youshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
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Wang J, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Xie Z, Yin L, Wang W, Song Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Fan Z. Highly Conductive MXene Film Actuator Based on Moisture Gradients. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Cheng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Liang Yin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Wu Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yingbin Song
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Youshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
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Han DD, Chen ZD, Li JC, Mao JW, Jiao ZZ, Wang W, Zhang W, Zhang YL, Sun HB. Airflow Enhanced Solar Evaporation Based on Janus Graphene Membranes with Stable Interfacial Floatability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25435-25443. [PMID: 32401489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solar interfacial evaporation has been recognized as a versatile energy conversion protocol for cutting-edge applications such as water treatment and power generation (e.g., hydro voltaic effect). Recently, to enhance water evaporation rates, water temperature and evaporation area have been considered as essential ingredients, and thus photothermal materials and three-dimensional hierarchical structures have been developed to promote light-to-heat conversion efficiency and enhance interfacial evaporation. However, less attention has been paid to the airflow effect, because the interfacial floatability of photothermal membranes should be considered under air blast. Here, inspired from the stable interfacial floatability of lotus leaves, we report the airflow enhanced solar interfacial evaporation approach using a graphene-based Janus membrane. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) film was treated unilaterally by O2 plasma, forming a LIG/oxidized LIG (LIG-O) Janus membrane with distinct wettability on two sides. Higher water evaporation rate of 1.512 kg m-2 h-1 is achieved. The high solar interfacial evaporation performance can be attributed to the two advantages: (i) the combination of microscale capillary water transporting and nanoscale light trapping; (ii) hydrophobic/hydrophilic Janus membrane for stable interfacial floatability under airflow. Our approach is feasible for developing high-performance solar interfacial evaporation devices for practical clean energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhao-Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ji-Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 00084, China
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Buten C, Kortekaas L, Ravoo BJ. Design of Active Interfaces Using Responsive Molecular Components. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904957. [PMID: 31573115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Responsive interfaces are interfaces that show a defined and reversible change in physical properties in response to external stimuli. Typically, responsive interfaces result from the immobilization of responsive molecular components at the interface that translate a nanoscale signal into a macroscopic effect. Responsive interfaces can also be obtained if the topology of the interface can be reversibly changed using an external stimulus. As the surface of any material is its connection to the environment, responsive interfaces provide opportunities for interactive materials which are not only able to change properties upon demand, but also sense their environment and act autonomously. The application of responsive molecular components at interfaces, however, requires chemical and physical compatibility with the material surface of interest, posing a challenge not least in the retention of the responsive functionality. The state of the art in "active" interfaces which display responsive wettability, permeability, or adhesion is discussed, with a particular emphasis on microscale and nanoscale patterning since patterned interfaces can give rise to unique material properties. Finally, perspectives in the development of responsive interfaces, as well as promising approaches for bypassing the most prominent challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buten
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Luuk Kortekaas
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Center for Soft Nanoscience and Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Much progress has been made in developing bioinspired sensors and actuators based on engineered synthetic materials, although there remains a critical need to incorporate cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. Here naturally abundant pollen grains are used as a material template to produce paper that sensitively and reversibly responds as an actuator to variations in environmental humidity. The actuating properties of the all-natural paper are readily tuned by material characteristics, such as sheet thickness and surface roughness. We demonstrate self-actuation of the pollen-based paper by mimicking flower blooming. The results presented here point to pathways for the creation of self-propelled robots, flexible electronics, and multifunctional devices. They also offer the potential for digital printing and fabrication of complex and programmable natural actuators. Here we describe the development of a humidity-responsive sheet of paper that is derived solely from natural pollen. Adaptive soft material components of the paper exhibit diverse and well-integrated responses to humidity that promote shape reconfiguration, actuation, and locomotion. This mechanically versatile and nonallergenic paper can generate a cyclically high contractile stress upon water absorption and desorption, and the rapid exchange of water drives locomotion due to hydrodynamic effects. Such dynamic behavior can be finely tuned by adjusting the structure and properties of the paper, including thickness, surface roughness, and processing conditions, analogous to those of classical soapmaking. We demonstrate that humidity-responsive paper-like actuators can mimic the blooming of the Michelia flower and perform self-propelled motion. Harnessing the material properties of bioinspired systems such as pollen paper opens the door to a wide range of sustainable, eco-friendly, and biocompatible material innovation platforms for applications in sensing, actuation, and locomotion.
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Mao JW, Chen ZD, Han DD, Ma JN, Zhang YL, Sun HB. Nacre-inspired moisture-responsive graphene actuators with robustness and self-healing properties. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20614-20619. [PMID: 31641724 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Moisture-responsive actuators based on graphene oxide (GO) have attracted intensive research interest in recent years. However, current GO actuators suffer from low mechanical strength. Inspired by the robustness of nacre's structure, moisture-responsive actuators with high mechanical strength and self-healing properties were successfully developed based on GO and cellulose fiber (CF) hybrids. The hybrid paper demonstrated significantly improved tensile strength, ∼20 times higher than that of pure GO paper, and self-healing properties. A broken paper can be well cured under moist conditions, and the mechanical properties of the self-healed hybrid paper can still maintain similar tensile strength to the pristine one. After controllable ultraviolet light photoreduction treatment, a hybrid paper with a photoreduction gradient along the normal direction was prepared, which can act as a moisture-responsive actuator. A maximum bending curvature of ∼1.48 cm-1 can be achieved under high relative humidity (RH = 97%). As a proof-of-concept, a butterfly-like actuator that can deform itself with moisture actuation was demonstrated. Our approach may pave a new way for designing robust and self-healable graphene actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhao-Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jia-Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China. and State Key Lab of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
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Dong Y, Wang J, Guo X, Yang S, Ozen MO, Chen P, Liu X, Du W, Xiao F, Demirci U, Liu BF. Multi-stimuli-responsive programmable biomimetic actuator. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4087. [PMID: 31501430 PMCID: PMC6733902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Untethered small actuators have various applications in multiple fields. However, existing small-scale actuators are very limited in their intractability with their surroundings, respond to only a single type of stimulus and are unable to achieve programmable structural changes under different stimuli. Here, we present a multiresponsive patternable actuator that can respond to humidity, temperature and light, via programmable structural changes. This capability is uniquely achieved by a fast and facile method that was used to fabricate a smart actuator with precise patterning on a graphene oxide film by hydrogel microstamping. The programmable actuator can mimic the claw of a hawk to grab a block, crawl like an inchworm, and twine around and grab the rachis of a flower based on their geometry. Similar to the large- and small-scale robots that are used to study locomotion mechanics, these small-scale actuators can be employed to study movement and biological and living organisms. Untethered small actuators have various applications but existing small-scale actuators are limited in their response to different stimuli. Here, we present a multiresponsive patternable actuator that can respond to humidity, temperature and light, via programmable structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Xukui Guo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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