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Jin J, He Z, Liu D, Mei Y, Wang J, Wan H, Li J. Donor-modified asymmetric N/B/O multi-resonance TADF emitters for high-performance deep-blue OLEDs with the BT.2020 color gamut. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04896b. [PMID: 39416297 PMCID: PMC11472771 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04896b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials of polycyclic heteroaromatics are attractive narrowband emitters in wide-color-gamut organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, deep-blue MR-TADF emitters with CIE coordinates fulfilling the BT.2020 standard and high efficiency still remain a significant challenge. Herein, two novel emitters NBO-mSAF and NBO-pSAF were developed by incorporating an electron donor, 10H-spiro[acridine-9,9'-fluorene] (SAF), at the para-position of the oxygen atom and the para-position of the boron atom in the nitrogen/boron/oxygen (N/B/O) ternary doped asymmetric MR skeleton. With appropriate electron-donating capacity and rigid spiro-structure, SAF was selected as the donor so that the long-range charge transfer triplet state (3LRCT) is induced to accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process, while the 1LRCT aligns higher than the short-range CT state (1SRCT) of the N/B/O core to retain the MR characters. As a result, these optimized emitters exhibit deep-blue TADF with narrow spectra and a high RISC rate constant of 3.4 × 105 s-1. In hyperfluorescence OLEDs with a TADF emitter DMAC-DPS as the sensitizer and PPF as the host, NBO-mSAF and NBO-pSAF achieved maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 26.7% and 25.2%. Interestingly, improved performance was realized in a traditional device configuration with a single bipolar host 26DCzPPy but without any sensitizer, where NBO-mSAF realized a higher EQEmax of 29.5% and CIE (0.128, 0.114), and NBO-pSAF exhibited an EQEmax of 20.5% and CIE of (0.147, 0.048). Narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 26-28 nm were achieved in both devices. Among all the deep-blue N/B/O type MR-TADF emitters with CIEx ≤ 0.15 and CIEy ≤ 0.12 ever reported so far, NBO-mSAF exhibited a highest EQEmax of 29.5%, which is even higher than those obtained with sensitizers, while the CIEy = 0.048 of the NBO-pSAF device is close to the standard blue (0.046) according to BT.2020, with a decent EQE of 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhaolong He
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Di Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yongqiang Mei
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Huihui Wan
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jiuyan Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai Economic and Technological Development Zone 300 Changjiang Road Yantai China
- Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
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2
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Tang X, Tsagaantsooj T, Rajakaruna TPB, Wang K, Chen XK, Zhang XH, Hatakeyama T, Adachi C. Stable pure-green organic light-emitting diodes toward Rec.2020 standard. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4394. [PMID: 38782957 PMCID: PMC11116534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulating dynamic behaviours of charge carriers and excitons in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is essential to simultaneously achieve high colour purity and superior operational lifetime. In this work, a comprehensive transient electroluminescence investigation reveals that incorporating a thermally activated delayed fluorescence assistant molecule with a deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital into a bipolar host matrix effectively traps the injected electrons. Meanwhile, the behaviours of hole injection and transport are still dominantly governed by host molecules. Thus, the recombination zone notably shifts toward the interface between the emissive layer (EML) and the electron-transporting layer (ETL). To mitigate the interfacial carrier accumulation and exciton quenching, this bipolar host matrix could serve as a non-barrier functional spacer between EML/ETL, enabling the distribution of recombination zone away from this interface. Consequently, the optimized OLED exhibits a low driving voltage, promising device stability (95% of the initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2, LT95 > 430 h), and a high Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage y coordinate of 0.69. This indicates that managing the excitons through rational energy level alignment holds the potential for simultaneously satisfying Rec.2020 standard and achieving commercial-level stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tang
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Tuul Tsagaantsooj
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tharindu P B Rajakaruna
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Lv X, Song J, Fu X, Guo S, Gu J, Meng L, Lu CZ. Enhancing Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Triptycene-TADF Emitters: Theoretical Insights into Reorganization Energy and Heavy Atom Effects. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1611-1619. [PMID: 38382059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on the triptycene skeleton demonstrate exceptional performance, superior stability, and low efficiency roll-off. Understanding the interplay between the luminescent properties of triptycene-TADF molecules and their assembly environments, along with their excited-state characteristics, necessitates a comprehensive theoretical exploration. Herein, we predict the photophysical properties of triptycene-TADF molecules in a thin film environment using the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method and quantify their substantial dependency on the heavy atom effects and reorganization energies using the Marcus-Levich theory. Our calculated photophysical properties for two recently reported molecules closely align with experimental values. We design three novel triptycene-TADF molecules by incorporating chalcogen elements (O, S, and Se) to modify the acceptor units. These newly designed molecules exhibit reduced reorganization energies and enhanced reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates. The heavy atom effect amplifies spin-orbit coupling, thereby facilitating the RISC process, particularly at a remarkably high rate of ∼109 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jinhui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Xifeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Sai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Junjing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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4
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Godi M, Kwon H, Park S, Park S, Lee H, Lee K, Park J. Enhancing OLED emitter efficiency through increased rigidity. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8135-8144. [PMID: 38464691 PMCID: PMC10921275 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07937f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Three new blue materials, TPI-InCz, PAI-InCz, and CN-PAI-InCz, have been developed. In the film state, TPI-InCz and PAI-InCz exhibited emission peaks at 411 and 431 nm indicating deep blue emission. CN-PAI-InCz showed a peak emission at 452 nm, within the real blue region. When these three materials were used as the emissive layer to fabricate non-doped devices, CN-PAI-InCz showed the highest current efficiency of 2.91 cd A-1, power efficiency of 1.93 lm W-1, and external quantum efficiency of 3.31%. Among the synthesized materials, CN-PAI-InCz exhibited superior charge balance due to the introduction of CN groups, as confirmed by hole-only devices and electron-only devices. PAI-InCz demonstrated fast hole mobility with a value of 1.50 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1, attributed to its planar and highly rigid structure. In the resulting devices, the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates for TPI-InCz, PAI-InCz, and CN-PAI-InCz were (0.162, 0.048), (0.0161, 0.067), and (0.155, 0.099), all indicating emission in the blue region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Godi
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukmin Kwon
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoon Lee
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwook Park
- Integrated Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi 17104 Republic of Korea
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5
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He B, Zhong Q, Dong Q, Yang X, Cowling SJ, Qiao W, Bruce DW, Zhu W, Duan P, Wang Y. Liquid-crystalline circularly polarised TADF emitters for high-efficiency, solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1251-1260. [PMID: 38131645 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a high emission efficiency and a large luminescence asymmetry factor (glum) in a single molecule exhibiting circularly polarised thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP-TADF) remains a formidable challenge. In this work, a proof-of-concept, liquid-crystalline CP-TADF molecule is proposed to realise high glum by taking advantage of the order inherent in liquid crystals. Employing a chiral dinaphthol-based CP-TADF molecule as the emissive unit, a pair of liquid-crystalline CP-TADF molecules (R/S-4) is synthesised via the introduction of six mesogenic moieties. The enantiomers show intense emission at about 520 nm which has clear TADF and liquid-crystalline characteristics. Both enantiomers display symmetrical electronic circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarisation luminescence (CPL) signals as thin films. Impressively, relatively large glum values of 0.11 are realised for the films. Solution-processed devices were fabricated using R/S-4 as the dopants, with the TADF molecule CzAcSF as the sensitiser. The OLEDs so prepared show a very high maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.2%, revealing a novel strategy for realising large glum values in CP-TADF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghong He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Qihang Zhong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Qiwei Dong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Stephen J Cowling
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Wenjian Qiao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
- Zaozhuang Reinno Optoelectronic Information Co., Ltd., China
| | - Duncan W Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei Duan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
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6
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Yan J, Wu C, Tong KN, Zhou F, Chen Y, Pan Y, Xie G, Chi Y, Lau KC, Wei G. Structural Engineering of Iridium(III) Phosphors with Imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene Cyclometalates for Efficient Blue Electroluminescence. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301555. [PMID: 38185747 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Iridium(III) complexes are particularly noted for their excellent potentials in fabrication of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but the severe efficiency roll-off largely hampered their practical applications. To reveal the underlying characteristics, three Ir(III) complexes, namely f-ct5c, f-ct5d, and f-ct11, bearing imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene cyclometalates are prepared and characterized in detail. Both f-ct5c and f-ct5d (also their mixture f-ct5mix) gave intensive blue emissions peaking at ≈465 nm with short radiative lifetimes of 1.76 and 2.45 µs respectively, in degassed toluene. Alternatively, f-ct11 with two 4-tert-butylphenyl substituents on each imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ylidene entity, possessed a bluish-green emission (508 nm) together with an extended radiative lifetime of 34.3 µs in the dispersed PMMA matrix. Consequently, the resulting solution-processed OLED with f-ct11 delivered a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 6.5% with serious efficiency roll-offs. In contrast, f-ct5mix based device achieved a high EQEmax of 27.2% and the EQE maintained at 23.0% of 1000 cd m-2 . Furthermore, the hyper-OLEDs with f-ct5mix as the sensitizer and v-DABNA as the terminal emitter afford narrowed emission with a considerably high EQEmax exceeding 32%, affirming the potential of f-ct5mix to serve as both the emitter and sensitizer in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai-Ning Tong
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Guohua Xie
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, HONG KONG
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Hao XL, Ren AM, Zhou L, Zhang H. Theoretical Research and Photodynamic Simulation of Aggregation-Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9771-9780. [PMID: 37948560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and utilization of pure organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials provide a major breakthrough in obtaining high-performance and low-cost organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In spite of recent research progress in TADF emitters, highly efficient and stable TADF emitters in high-concentration solutions and in the solid state have been rarely reported, and most of them suffer from aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ). To resolve this issue, the aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) mechanism was studied in depth by the simulation of excited-state dynamic processes, and the effect of geometric modifications on optical properties was minutely investigated based on molecular modeling. TD-DFT calculations demonstrate that it is the key point for the transformation between prompt fluorescence and TADF to effectively regulate singlet-triplet energy difference and electron-vibration coupling by the aggregation effect. Then, excellent green and red TADF materials with very small singlet-triplet energy differences of 0.05 and 0.06 eV, high TADF quantum yields up to 57.53% and 39.19%, and suitable fluorescence lifetimes of 0.99 and 1.67 us, respectively, were designed and obtained, which demonstrate the potential application of these two TADF materials in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Ren
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wu C, Tong K, Shi K, Jin Z, Wu Y, Mu Y, Huo Y, Tang M, Yang C, Meng H, Kang F, Wei G. New [3+2+1] Iridium Complexes as Effective Phosphorescent Sensitizers for Efficient Narrowband Saturated-Blue Hyper-OLEDs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301112. [PMID: 37653609 PMCID: PMC10582407 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Two newly designed and synthesized [3+2+1] iridium complexes through introducing bulky trimethylsiliyl (TMS) groups are doped with a terminal emitter of v-DABNA to form an coincident overlapping spectra between the emission of these two phosphors and the absorption of v-DABNA, creating cascade resonant energy transfer for efficient triplet harvesting. To boost the color quality and efficiency, the fabricated hyper-OLEDs have been optimized to achieve a high external quantum efficiency of 31.06%, which has been among the highest efficiency results reported for phosphor sensitized saturated-blue hyper-OLEDs, and pure blue emission peak at 467 nm with the full width at half maxima (FWHM) as narrow as 18 nm and the CIEy values down to 0.097, satisfying the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) requirement for saturated blue OLEDs display. Surprisingly, such hyper-OLEDs have obtained the converted lifetime (LT50 ) up to 4552 h at the brightness of 100 cd m-2 , demonstrating effective Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Therefore, employing these new bulky TMS substituent [3+2+1] iridium(III) complexes for effective sensitizers can greatly pave the way for further development of high efficiency and stable blue OLEDs in display and lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wu
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Kai‐Ning Tong
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Kefei Shi
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Zhaoyun Jin
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Yuan Wu
- PURI Materials, IncShenzhen518133China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Man‐Chung Tang
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Chen Yang
- PURI Materials, IncShenzhen518133China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Guodan Wei
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI)Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
- Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
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9
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Zhang Z, Jin X, Sun X, Su J, Qu DH. Vibration-induced emission: Dynamic multiple intrinsic luminescence. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Duan Y, Guo R, Wang Y, Di K, Wang L. A sensitization strategy for highly efficient blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:44. [PMID: 36637617 PMCID: PMC9756245 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient blue fluorescent materials have recently attracted great interest for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) application. Here, two new pyrene based organic molecules consisting of a highly rigid skeleton, namely SPy and DPy, are developed. These two blue light emitters exhibit excellent thermal stability. The experiment reveals that the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectrum can be tuned by introducing different amounts of 9,9-diphenyl-N-phenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine on pyrene units. The FWHM of the emission spectrum is only 37 nm in diluted toluene solution for DPy. Furthermore, highly efficient blue OLEDs are obtained by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitization strategy. The blue fluorescent OLEDs utilizing DPy as emitters achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.4% with the electroluminescence (EL) peak/FWHM of 480 nm/49 nm. Particularly, the EQE of DPy-based device is boosted from 2.6% in non-doped device to 10.4% in DMAc-DPS TADF sensitized fluorescence (TSF) device, which is a 400% enhancement. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the TSF strategy is promising for highly efficient fluorescent OLEDs application in wide-color-gamut display field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Duan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Runda Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yaxiong Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kaiyuan Di
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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11
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Guo X, Li G, Lou J, Chen K, Huang R, Yang D, Zhang H, Wang Z, Tang BZ. New-Fashioned Universal and Functional Host-Material from a Near-Ultraviolet Organic Emitter for High-Efficiency Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Low Efficiency Roll-Offs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204029. [PMID: 36084169 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a near-ultraviolet (NUV) emitter, 2MCz-CNMCz, with hot-exciton property is designed based on a "long-short axis" strategy, which exhibits good thermal stability, bipolar carrier transport ability, and high T1 energy level. Its nondoped NUV organic light-emitting diode (OLED) achieves a record maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext ) of 7.76%, with a peak at 404 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.158, 0.039). The corresponding high exciton utilization efficiency (ηr ) in the electroluminescence process reveals its potential as a functional sensitizing host. As expected, the TBPe-based blue fluorescent OLED with 2MCz-CNMCz as the host material shows better efficiency and lower efficiency roll-off than that with traditional host material mCP. Meanwhile, the Ir complexes-based green/yellow/red phosphorescent OLEDs with 2MCz-CNMCz host are also fabricated, reaching high ηext values of 26.1%, 30.4%, and 20.4%, respectively, and displaying negligible efficiency roll-offs at 1000 cd m-2 , which are among the best OLED performances based on the same emitters. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report on the design of high-quality universal and functional host material, and may bring new inspiration to the preparation of high-efficiency, low roll-off, full-color OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Guo
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ganggang Li
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingli Lou
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kongqi Chen
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ruishan Huang
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Han Zhang
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- AIE Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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12
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Wallwork NR, Mamada M, Keto AB, McGregor SKM, Shukla A, Adachi C, Krenske EH, Namdas EB, Lo SC. Cibalackrot Dendrimers for Hyperfluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200118. [PMID: 35355352 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (HF-OLEDs) enable a cascading Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from a suitable thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) assistant host to a fluorescent end-emitter to give efficient OLEDs with relatively narrowed electroluminescence compared to TADF-OLEDs. Efficient HF-OLEDs require optimal FRET with minimum triplet diffusion via Dexter-type energy transfer (DET) from the TADF assistant host to the fluorescent end-emitter. To hinder DET, steric protection of the end-emitters has been proposed to disrupt triplet energy transfer. In this work, the first HF-OLEDs based on structurally well-defined macromolecules, dendrimers is reported. The dendrimers contain new highly twisted dendrons attached to a Cibalackrot core, resulting in high solubility in organic solvents. HF-OLEDs based on dendrimer blend films are fabricated to show external quantum efficiencies of >10% at 100 cd m-2 . Importantly, dendronization with the bulky dendrons is found to have no negative impact to the FRET efficiency, indicating the excellent potential of the dendritic macromolecular motifs for HF-OLEDs. To fully prevent the undesired triplet diffusion, Cibalackrot dendrimers HF-OLEDs are expected to be further improved by adding additional dendrons to the Cibalackrot core and/or increasing dendrimer generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholle R Wallwork
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Angus B Keto
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah K M McGregor
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Atul Shukla
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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13
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Yin C, Zhang Y, Huang T, Liu Z, Duan L, Zhang D. Highly efficient and nearly roll-off-free electrofluorescent devices via multiple sensitizations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9203. [PMID: 35895814 PMCID: PMC9328673 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency roll-off at high luminance has hindered the wide application of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for decades. To circumvent this issue, both high exciton utilization and short exciton residence should be satisfied, which, however, faces formidable challenges. Here, we propose an advanced approach of phosphor-assisted thermally activated delayed fluorophor (TADF)-sensitized fluorescence, abbreviated as TPSF. It is proved to be a rational strategy that can realize high quantum efficiency and elaborately accelerated radiative exciton consumption simultaneously by breaking singlet-triplet spin-flip cycles on a TADF host via multiple sensitizations. On the basis of a TADF molecule exhibiting anti-accumulation-caused quenching character, a proof-of-concept device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 24.2% with an ultrahigh L90% (the luminance at which EQE drops to 90% of its maximum value) of 190,500 cd m-2 and a greatly improved operational stability, unlocking the full potential of OLEDs for ultrahigh-luminance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Yang Y, Wei J, Xiang‐YangLiu, Li R, Zhang Z. Novel
Ortho
‐Linkage Donor‐Acceptor Type Host Materials for Efficiently Red Phosphorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Jian Yang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District Lianyungang 222005 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Jia Wei
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District Lianyungang 222005 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐YangLiu
- Wispo Advanced Materials (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) 200 Xingpu Road, Shengpu Street Suzhou 215126 P.R. China
| | - Runlai Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Ming Zhang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District Lianyungang 222005 P. R. China
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15
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Wang X, Li Y, Wu Y, Qin K, Xu D, Wang D, Ma H, Ning S, Wu Z. A 2-phenylfuro[2,3- b]quinoxaline-triphenylamine-based emitter: photophysical properties and application in TADF-sensitized fluorescence OLEDs. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the T1-state energy of a fluorescence dopant (FD) is close to that of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-type exciplex co-host, and the energy loss caused by the T1 states of the FD could be suppressed in TADF-sensitized fluorescence (TSF) OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinYe Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - YiXiang Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wu
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Ke Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - DeFei Xu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - DongDong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - HuiLi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - ShuYa Ning
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - ZhaoXin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
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16
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Meng G, Liu L, He Z, Hall D, Wang X, Peng T, Yin X, Chen P, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Zysman-Colman E, Wang N, Wang S. Multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on tetracoordinate boron-containing PAHs: colour tuning based on the nature of chelates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1665-1674. [PMID: 35282615 PMCID: PMC8827120 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials have attracted considerable attention recently. The molecular design frequently incorporates cycloboration. However, to the best of our knowledge MR-TADF compounds containing nitrogen chelated to boron are still unknown. Reported herein is a new class of tetracoordinate boron-containing MR-TADF emitters bearing C^N^C- and N^N^N-chelating ligands. We demonstrate that the replacement of the B–C covalent bond in the C^N^C-chelating ligand by the B–N covalent bond affords an isomer, which dramatically influences the optoelectronic properties of the molecule. The resulting N^N^N-chelating compounds show bathochromically shifted absorption and emission spectra relative to C^N^C-chelating compounds. The incorporation of a tert-butylcarbazole group at the 4-position of the pyridine significantly enhances both the thermal stability and the reverse intersystem crossing rate, yet has a negligible effect on emission properties. Consequently, high-performance hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (HF-OLEDs) that utilize these molecules as green and yellow-green emitters show a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 11.5% and 25.1%, and a suppressed efficiency roll-off with an ηext of 10.2% and 18.7% at a luminance of 1000 cd m−2, respectively. A new class of tetra-coordinate boron-containing MR-TADF emitters and their corresponding high-performance hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes have been successfully achieved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Intelligent Organic Luminescent Materials Research Center, School of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhechang He
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tai Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Laboratoire de Physique du Solide, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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17
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Wang X, Wu Y, Wu CM, Li Y, Wang D, Wu Y, Ning S, Jiao B, Wu Z. Dibenzo[ f, h]furo[2,3- b]quinoxaline-based molecular scaffolds as deep blue fluorescence materials for organic light-emitting diodes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04934h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecular scaffold, dibenzo[f,h]furo[2,3-b]quinoxaline (3,6-bis(4-isopropylphenyls)-11-phenyldibenzo[f,h]furo[2,3-b]quinoxaline (dP-diBFQ) and furo[2′,3′:5,6]pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline, were designed, for pure and deep blue emission. OLEDs based on dP-diBFQ shows pure blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.154, 0.102) and an EQE of 2.28%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wu
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Ming Wu
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shuya Ning
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
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18
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Nie M, Liang J, Zhao C, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li W, Wang C, Wang T. Single-Molecule Magnet with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Based on a Metallofullerene Integrated by Dysprosium and Yttrium Ions. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19080-19088. [PMID: 34730326 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is vital to construct luminescent single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and explore their applications in quantum computing technique and magneto-luminescence devices. In this work, we report a luminescent single-molecule magnet with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based on metallofullerene DyY2N@C80. DyY2N@C80 was constructed by integrating dysprosium and yttrium ions into a fullerene cage. Magnetic results suggest that DyY2N@C80 exhibits magnetic hysteresis loops below 8 K originating from the Dy3+ ion. Moreover, DyY2N@C80 exhibits TADF originating from the Y3+-coordinated carbon cage, whose luminescence peak positions and peak intensities can be obviously influenced by Dy3+. Furthermore, a supramolecular complex of DyY2N@C80 and [12]Cycloparaphenylene ([12]CPP) was then prepared to construct a single-molecule magnet with multiwavelength luminescence. The effects of host-guest interaction on photoluminescence properties of DyY2N@C80 were disclosed. Theoretical calculations were also employed to illustrate the structures of DyY2N@C80 and DyY2N@C80⊂[12]CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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19
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Wang J, Zhang J, Jiang C, Yao C, Xi X. Effective Design Strategy for Aggregation-Induced Emission and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Achieving 18% External Quantum Efficiency Pure-Blue OLEDs with Extremely Low Roll-Off. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57713-57724. [PMID: 34813274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-color purity organic emitters with a simultaneous combination of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics are in great demand due to their excellent comprehensive performances toward efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, two D-π-A-structure emitters, ICz-DPS and ICz-BP, exhibiting AIE and TADF properties were developed, and both the emitters have narrow singlet (S1)-triplet (T1) splitting (ΔEST) and excellent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (ΦPL), derived from the distorted configurations and weak intra/intermolecular interactions, suppressing exciton annihilation and concentration quenching. Their doped OLEDs based on ICz-BP provide an excellent electroluminescence external quantum efficiency (ηext) and current efficiency (ηC) of 17.7% and 44.8 cd A-1, respectively, with an ηext roll-off of 2.9%. Their nondoped OLEDs based on ICz-DPS afford high efficiencies of 11.7% and 30.1 cd A-1, with pure-blue emission with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.08) and a low roll-off of 6.0%. This work also shows a strategy for designing AIE-TADF molecules by rational use of steric hindrance and weak inter/intramolecular interactions to realize high ΦPL values, fast reverse intersystem crossing process, and reduced nonradiative transition process properties, which may open the way toward highly efficient and small-efficiency roll-off devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuifeng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chuang Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advance Materials Technology (EBEAM), Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Xinguo Xi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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20
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Su R, Huang Z. "H-Type" Like Constructed Dimer: Another Way to Enhance the Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Effect. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11497-11502. [PMID: 34797082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are an essential part of TADF-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). All the reported methods to improve the performance of TADF materials were focused on achieving a high reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) and oscillator strength (f), but most of them were studies on single molecular states. In this paper, we have discovered a new dimer architecture called the "H-type" like dimer and proved that the "H-type" like dimer is another way to improve the performance of TADF materials by calculation and experiment. The calculated energy levels of excited states only provided 1.72-5.46% relative errors (RE) compare with the measured values, which indicated that the methods we chose were suitable for predicting the properties. The intermolecular interactions of the "H-type" like dimer endow it with much larger f and kRISC properties than monomer states, proving that the "H-type" like dimer could improve the performance of TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchuan Su
- Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Zhenmei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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21
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Li M, Chen CF. TADF-Sensitized Fluorescent Enantiomers: A New Strategy for High-Efficiency Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence*. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103550. [PMID: 34799883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitized circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has been proposed for improving the electroluminescence efficiencies of circularly polarized fluorescent emitters. Compared with chiral TADF emitters which suffer from the dilemma of small ΔEST accompanied by small kr , the TADF-sensitized CPL (TSCP) strategy using TADF molecules as sensitizers and CP-FL molecules as emitters might be the most promising method to construct high-performance circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). Consequently, by taking advantage of the theoretically 100 % exciton utilization of TADF sensitizers, especially, by designing CP-FL emitters with high PLQY, narrow FWHM and large glum values, TSCP-type CP-OLEDs with excellent overall performances can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Hole Injection Role of p-Type Conjugated Polymer Nanolayers in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10182283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the hole injection role of p-type conjugated polymer layer in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanolayers (thickness = ~1 nm thick), which were subjected to thermal annealing at 140 °C by varying annealing time, were inserted between indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes and hole transport layers (N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzidine, NPB). The 1 nm-thick P3HT layers showed very weak absorption in the visible light range of 500~650 nm. The device results disclosed that the presence of P3HT layers were just able to improve the charge injection of OLEDs leading to an enhanced luminance irrespective of thermal annealing condition. The highest luminance and efficiency were achieved for the OLEDs with the P3HT layers annealed at 140 °C for 10 min. Further annealing for 30 min resulted in turn-down of device performances. The emission color was almost unchanged by the presence of P3HT layers even though the color coordinates were marginally fluctuated according to the annealing time. The present result delivers the possibility to use p-type conjugated polymers (i.e., P3HT) as a hole injection layer in OLEDs.
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23
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Li M, Wang M, Wang Y, Feng L, Chen C. High‐Efficiency Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence from TADF‐Sensitized Fluorescent Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mei‐Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yin‐Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liheng Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Chuan‐Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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24
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Li M, Wang MY, Wang YF, Feng L, Chen CF. High-Efficiency Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence from TADF-Sensitized Fluorescent Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20728-20733. [PMID: 34288304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A couple of fluorescent enantiomers, which are suitable for the emitters of high-efficiency TADF-sensitized CP-OLEDs, have been developed. The enantiomers show configurational stability, high PLQY of 98 %, large kr of 7.8×107 s-1 , and intense CPL activities with |glum | values of about 2.5×10-3 . Notably, by using matchable TADF sensitizer, the enantiomers were then exploited as emitter to fabricate CP-OLEDs. The TADF-sensitized CP-OLEDs not only show mirror-image CPEL activities with gEL values of +1.8×10-3 and -1.4×10-3 , but also display fast start-up featuring with low VT of 3.0 V as well as driving voltage of 4.8 V at 10 000 cd m-2 . Meaningfully, the TADF-sensitized fluorescent devices show high EQEmax of 21.5 % and extremely low efficiency roll-off, whose EQEs are 21.2 % and 15.3 % at 1000 and 10 000 cd m-2 , respectively. The obtained EQEs are comparable to those of CP-TADF emitters, which provides a promising perspective to break through the EL efficiency limit of CP-FL emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mei-Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yin-Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liheng Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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25
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Nam S, Kim JW, Bae HJ, Maruyama YM, Jeong D, Kim J, Kim JS, Son W, Jeong H, Lee J, Ihn S, Choi H. Improved Efficiency and Lifetime of Deep-Blue Hyperfluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode using Pt(II) Complex as Phosphorescent Sensitizer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100586. [PMID: 34137208 PMCID: PMC8373157 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has been successfully commercialized, the development of deep-blue OLEDs with high efficiency and long lifetime remains a challenge. Here, a novel hyperfluorescent OLED that incorporates the Pt(II) complex (PtON7-dtb) as a phosphorescent sensitizer and a hydrocarbon-based and multiple resonance-based fluorophore as an emitter (TBPDP and ν-DABNA) in the device emissive layer (EML), is proposed. Such an EML system can promote efficient energy transfer from the triplet excited states of the sensitizer to the singlet excited states of the fluorophore, thus significantly improving the efficiency and lifetime of the device. As a result, a deep-blue hyperfluorescent OLED using a multiple resonance-based fluorophore (ν-DABNA) with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate y below 0.1 is demonstrated, which attains a narrow full width at half maximum of ≈17 nm, fourfold increased maximum current efficiency of 48.9 cd A-1 , and 19-fold improved half-lifetime of 253.8 h at 1000 cd m-2 compared to a conventional phosphorescent OLED. The findings can lead to better understanding of the hyperfluorescent OLEDs with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Nam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Whan Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Bae
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
| | - Yusuke Makida Maruyama
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Jeong
- Data and Information Technology CenterSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.1 Samsungjeonja‐roHwaseong‐siGyeonggi‐do18448Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghyuk Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Joon Son
- Data and Information Technology CenterSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.1 Samsungjeonja‐roHwaseong‐siGyeonggi‐do18448Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- Display Research CenterSamsung Display Co.1 Samsung‐roYongin‐siGyeonggi‐do17113Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringInter‐University Semiconductor Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Ghang Ihn
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonho Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of TechnologySamsung Electronics Co., Ltd.130 Samsung‐roSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do16678Republic of Korea
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26
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A Novel Deep Blue LE-Dominated HLCT Excited State Design Strategy and Material for OLED. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154560. [PMID: 34361710 PMCID: PMC8348658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep blue luminescent materials play a crucial role in the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, a novel deep blue molecule based on hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) excited state was reported with the emission wavelength of 423 nm. The OLED based on this material achieved high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4% with good color purity. The results revealed that the locally-excited (LE)-dominated HLCT excited state had obvious advantages in short wavelength and narrow spectrum emission. What is more, the experimental and theoretical combination was used to describe the excited state characteristic and to understand photophysical property.
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27
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Ran Y, Yang G, Liu Y, Han W, Gao G, Su R, Bin Z, You J. A methyl-shield strategy enables efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence hosts for high-performance fluorescent OLEDs. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2025-2031. [PMID: 34846479 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00530h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel methyl-shield strategy to design ideal TADF hosts for the improvement of the performance of TSF-OLEDs. The methyl group on the xanthone acceptor acts like a shield to protect the luminance center from close intermolecular hydrogen bonding with adjacent molecules, thus alleviating exciton quenching, and meanwhile the small size of the methyl group almost does not disturb the π-π stacking between acceptors, thus maintaining fast electron-transport pathways. dMeACRXTO having two methyl shields is exploited as the host to achieve a record-high EQE of 32.3%, which represents the first report of an EQE above 30% in TSF-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Dubey DK, Thakur D, Yadav RAK, Ram Nagar M, Liang TW, Ghosh S, Jou JH. High-Throughput Virtual Screening of Host Materials and Rational Device Engineering for Highly Efficient Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26204-26217. [PMID: 34048214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate choice of host and electron-transporting material (ETM) plays a very crucial role in the generation and collection of radiative excitons in the desired recombination zone of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Due to the sustainable development of material organic chemistry, there is a big library of functional materials that leads to uncountable combinations of device structures, which might achieve a desirable high device performance. However, there is no appropriate methodology available for the fast virtual screening of organic materials and designing a suitable device structure. Here, we have used the electrical software package SETFOS 4.5 for high-throughput virtual screening of host materials and developed a highly efficient multistack OLED device structure. To further enhance the device performance, a co-host approach has been used, and the final device structure has also been optimized with two different ETMs. The best-optimized Ir(ppy)3-based solution-processed green OLED device exhibited a maximum power efficiency (PE) of 83.20 lm/W and brightness of 61,362 cd/m2 with a driving voltage of 2.1 V without using any light extraction outcoupling techniques, which is the best among the OLEDs in its own category. The developed device structure has also been utilized to fabricate highly efficient blue hazard-free low-color temperature OLEDs for a physiologically friendly light at night. The resultant 2083 K OLED device displayed a maximum PE of 51.4 lm/W and luminance of 44,548 cd/m2 with a turn-on voltage of 2.1 V that is also 42 and 104 times safer in terms of retinal protection and ∼4 and ∼11 times safer in terms of melatonin generation when compared with those of a real candle and incandescent bulb, respectively. The observed excellent device performance may be attributed to the balanced charge carrier in the recombination zone, broader emissive layer due to a mixed-host system, less accumulation of charges at the injecting surfaces, well-aligned triplet energy and molecular orbital energy level of the host and guest, and high electron mobility and enhanced hole blocking ability of the employed ETM in the designed OLED device structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Diksha Thakur
- School of Basic Sciences, IIT Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Rohit Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mangey Ram Nagar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Wei Liang
- Global Science Instruments Co., New Taipei City 23144, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences, IIT Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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29
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Su R, Zhao Y, Yang F, Duan L, Lan J, Bin Z, You J. Triazolotriazine-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (TSF-OLEDs). Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:441-448. [PMID: 36654181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitized fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (TSF-OLEDs) have shown great potential for the realization of high efficiency with low efficiency roll-off and good color purity. However, the superior examples of TSF-OLEDs are still limited up to now. Herein, a trade-off strategy is presented for designing efficient TADF materials and achieving high-performance TSF-OLEDs via the construction of a new type of triazolotriazine (TAZTRZ) acceptor. The enhanced electron-withdrawing ability of TAZTRZ acceptor, fused by triazine (TRZ) and triazole (TAZ) together, enables TADF luminogens with small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) values. Meanwhile, the increased planarity from the TRZ-phenyl linkage (6:6 system) to the TAZ-phenyl linkage (5:6 system) can compensate the decrease of oscillator strength (f) while lowing ΔEST, thus achieving a trade-off between small ΔEST and high f. As a result, the related TSF-OLED achieved an extremely low turn-on voltage of 2.1 V, an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 23.7% with small efficiency roll-off (EQE1000 of 23.2%; EQE5000 of 20.6%) and an impressively high maximum power efficiency of 82.1 lm W-1, which represents the state-of-the-art performance for yellow TSF-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchuan Su
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuyao Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jingbo Lan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Jingsong You
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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A New Benchmark of Charges Storage in Single-Layer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Electrical and Optical Characteristics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030741. [PMID: 33572646 PMCID: PMC7866999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The storage of charges in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has drawn much attention for its damage to device performance as well as the loss to carriers. Thus, it is essential to address the issue and do further investigation. The traditional approach to storage analysis is mainly based on transient measurement since it is sensitive to transient instead of steady signal. In this paper, we proposed a new benchmark to investigate the single-layer OLEDs capable of stored charges with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is just based on electrical and optical characteristics. Since the stored charges contribute both to luminance and current of the devices with PMMA, the area between them can be taken as a benchmark and evaluated the storage of charges. In our experiment, the areas of 4 nm, 6 nm, 8 nm, and 10 nm PMMA devices are 0.348, 0.554, 0.808, and 0.894, respectively, indicating a higher capability of storage in thicker PMMA. It is exactly in line with the results taken from transient electroluminescence (EL) measurement. Thus, this new benchmark is practical and provides a more accessible approach to investigate the storage of charges in OLEDs.
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31
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang K, Song Y, Lin L, Wang CK, Fan J. Solid-state effect on luminescent properties of thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule with aggregation induced emission: A theoretical perspective. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118634. [PMID: 32610217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state effect plays an important role in defining the nature of excited states for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules and further affects their luminescence properties. Theoretical investigation of photophysical properties with explicit consideration of intermolecular interactions in solid phase, is highly desired. In this work, the luminescent properties of new TADF molecule SBF-BP-DMAC with aggregation induced emission (AIE) feature are theoretically studied both in solution and solid phase. Solvent environment effect in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is simulated by polarizable continuum model (PCM) and solid-state effect is considered by the combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method. By combing thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) theory with first principles calculation, excited state energy consumption process is investigated. Our results show that the calculated prompt fluorescence efficiency, delayed fluorescence efficiency and total fluorescence efficiency in THF is 3.0%, 0.4‰ and 3.0% respectively, and corresponding value increases to 14.4%, 31.5% and 45.9% for molecule in solid phase, this verifies the AIE feature. To detect the inner mechanisms, the geometrical structures, Huang-Rhys (HR) factors and reorganization energies as well as excited state transition properties are analyzed. Decreased HR factor and reorganization energy are found in solid phase, this is caused by the restricted torsion motion of DMAC unit in rigid environment. Thus, non-radiative energy consumption process is suppressed and enhanced fluorescence efficiency is found in the solid phase. Moreover, the smaller energy gap between S1 and T1 in the solid state than that in THF, is more conducive for reverse intersystem crossing process and further improves the efficiency. This work provides reasonable explanation for the experimental measurements and reveals the inner perspectives for AIE and TADF mechanisms, which is advantageous to develop new non-doped OLEDs with advanced feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuying Ma
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou 510640, China.
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32
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Li W, Huang Q, Yang Z, Zhang X, Ma D, Zhao J, Xu C, Mao Z, Zhang Y, Chi Z. Activating Versatile Mechanoluminescence in Organic Host–Guest Crystals by Controlling Exciton Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlang Li
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhan Yang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Center for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Dongyu Ma
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Juan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhu Mao
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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33
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Li W, Huang Q, Yang Z, Zhang X, Ma D, Zhao J, Xu C, Mao Z, Zhang Y, Chi Z. Activating Versatile Mechanoluminescence in Organic Host–Guest Crystals by Controlling Exciton Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22645-22651. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlang Li
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhan Yang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Center for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Dongyu Ma
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Juan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education School of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhu Mao
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films State Key Laboratory of OEMT School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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Lee MH. Identification of host-guest systems in green TADF-based OLEDs with energy level matching based on a machine-learning study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16378-16386. [PMID: 32657298 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Booming progress has been made in both the molecular design concept and the fundamental electroluminescence (EL) mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in recent years. One of the requirements for TADF-based OLEDs having high external quantum efficiency (EQE) is the favorable energy level alignment between the host and the guest to promote the energy transfer and improve the carrier balance. However, strategies to optimize the TADF-based OLED performance by selecting suitable host-guest systems in the light-emitting layer are far from enough. In this work, we investigated guest-host systems through the use of two machine-learning approaches (feature-based and similarity-based algorithms) from our recent effort for the optimization of TADF-based OLEDs. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm based on the features of electronic and photo-physical properties can accurately predict the EQE of green TADF-based OLEDs with average correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.85 for the training set and R2 = 0.74 for the testing set. Also, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm based on similarity metrics between pairs of materials (e.g., host and guest) in terms of electronic parameters can provide reasonable device performance prediction (R2 = 0.72) through the optimization procedure of the parameters. These results show that the predictive capability and model applicability of both machine-learning models can be used to identify suitable host-guest systems and explore complex relationships in green TADF-based OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsuan Lee
- Rm. 1006, Bldg. 51, No. 195, Sec. 4, Chung Hsing Road, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan.
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Krantz KE, Weisflog SL, Frey NC, Yang W, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Planar, Stair‐Stepped, and Twisted: Modulating Structure and Photophysics in Pyrene‐ and Benzene‐Fused N‐Heterocyclic Boranes. Chemistry 2020; 26:10072-10082. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie E. Krantz
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Sarah L. Weisflog
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University, Box 9573 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University, Box 9573 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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36
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Rout Y, Chauhan V, Misra R. Synthesis and Characterization of Isoindigo-Based Push-Pull Chromophores. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4611-4618. [PMID: 32126766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical chromophores of isoindigo 3-7 were designed and synthesized, in which isoindigo was used as the central unit (electron acceptor unit A), triphenylamine as the end capping unit (electron donor group D), 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadiene (TCBD, A') and cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diylidene-expanded TCBD (A″) as the acceptor unit. The effects of multiacceptor units on photophysical, electrochemical, and computational studies were investigated. The photophysical properties of isoindigo 6 and 7 exhibit a strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) absorption band in the near IR region. The isoindigo 4-7 shows multi-redox waves with a low electrochemical band gap, which signifies the tuning of highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels and enhance the π-conjugation. The computational studies demonstrate that there is a good agreement with experimental data. The molecular design and synthesis of isoindigo 4-7 gives a new avenue for the development of building blocks in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Vivek Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
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Jayabharathi J, Panimozhi S, Thanikachalam V. Asymmetrically twisted phenanthrimidazole derivatives as host materials for blue fluorescent, green and red phosphorescent OLEDs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17555. [PMID: 31772249 PMCID: PMC6879643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electroluminescent properties of asymmetrically twisted phenanthrimidazole derivatives comprised of fluorescent anthracene or pyrene unit namely, 1-(1-(anthracen-10-yl)naphthalen-4-yl)-2-styryl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (ANSPI), 1-(1-(pyren-1-yl) naphthalene-4-yl)-2-styryl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole (PNSPI), 4-(2-(4-(anthracen-9-yl) styryl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene-1-carbonitrile (ASPINC) and 4-(2-(4-(pyren-1-yl)styryl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-1-yl)naphthalene-1-carbonitrile (PSPINC) for blue OLEDs have been analyzed. The asymmetrically twisted conformation interrupt π-conjugation effectively results in deep-blue emission. The pyrene containing PSPINC based non-doped blue device (476 nm) shows maximium efficiencies (current efficiency (ηc)-4.23 cd/A; power efficiency (ηp)-2.86 lm/W; external quantum efficiency (ηex)-3.48%: CIE (0.16, 0.17) at 3.10 V. Among the doped blue devices, An(PPI)2:ASPINC shows high efficiencies (ηc-12.13 cd/A; ηp-5.98 lm/W; ηex-6.79%; L-23986 cd m-2; EL-458 nm) at 3.15 V with CIE (0.15, 0.17) than An(PPI)2:PSPINC based device which is inconsistent with non-doped device performances. The green and red PhOLEDs show higher efficiencies with Ir(ppy)3: ASPINC (ηc-50.6 cd/A; ηp-53.4 lm/W; ηex-17.0%; L-61581 cd m-2; EL-501 nm, CIE (0.31, 0.60) at 3.32 V and (bt)2Ir(dipba): ASPINC (ηc-15.2 cd/A; ηp-16.5 lm/W; ηex-14.5%; L-13456 cd m-2; EL-610 nm), CIE (0.63, 0.36) at 3.20 V, respectively. The complete energy transfer between the host and dopant molecules improved the efficiency of PHOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Jayabharathi
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Sekar Panimozhi
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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38
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Zhan L, Chen Z, Gong S, Xiang Y, Ni F, Zeng X, Xie G, Yang C. A Simple Organic Molecule Realizing Simultaneous TADF, RTP, AIE, and Mechanoluminescence: Understanding the Mechanism Behind the Multifunctional Emitter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17651-17655. [PMID: 31588647 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and mechanoluminescence (ML) have attracted widespread interest. However, a multifunctional organic emitter exhibiting simultaneous AIE, TADF, RTP, and ML has not been reported. Now, two multifunctional blue emitters with very simple structures, mono-DMACDPS and Me-DMACDPS, exhibit typical AIE, TADF, and RTP properties but different behavior in mechanoluminescence. Crystal structure analysis reveals that large dipole moment and multiple intermolecular interactions with tight packing mode endow mono-DMACDPS with strong ML. Combined with the data of crystal analysis and theoretical calculation, the separated monomer and dimer in the crystal lead to the typical TADF and RTP properties, respectively. Simple-structure mono-DMACDPS is the first example realizing TADF, RTP, AIE, and ML simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Zhan
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yepeng Xiang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Fan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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39
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Zhan L, Chen Z, Gong S, Xiang Y, Ni F, Zeng X, Xie G, Yang C. A Simple Organic Molecule Realizing Simultaneous TADF, RTP, AIE, and Mechanoluminescence: Understanding the Mechanism Behind the Multifunctional Emitter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Zhan
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yepeng Xiang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Fan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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