1
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Chi K, Wang Z, Sun T, He P, Xiao F, Lu J, Wang S. Simultaneously Engineering the First and Second Coordination Shells of Single Iron Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311817. [PMID: 38461534 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The atomically dispersed Fe-N4 active site presents enormous potential for various renewable energy conversions. Despite its already remarkable catalytic performance, the local atomic microenvironment of each Fe atom can be regulated to further enhance its efficiency. Herein, a novel conceptual strategy that utilizes a simple salt-template polymerization method to simultaneously adjust the first coordination shell (Fe-N3S1) and second coordination shell (C-S-C, a structure similar to thiophene) of Fe-N4 isolated atoms is proposed. Theoretical studies suggest that this approach can redistribute charge density in the MN4 moiety, lowering the d-band center of the metal site. This weakens the binding of oxygenated intermediates, enhancing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity when compared to only implementing coordination shell regulation. Based on the above discovery, a single Fe atom electrocatalyst with the optimal Fe-N3S1-S active moiety incorporated in nitrogen, sulfur co-doped graphene (Fe-SAc/NSG) is designed and synthesized. The Fe-SAc/NSG catalyst exhibits excellent alkaline ORR activity, exceeding benchmark Pt/C and most Fe-SAc ORR electrocatalysts, as well as superior stability in Zn-air battery. This work aims to pave the way for creating highly active single metal atom catalysts through the localized regulation of their atomic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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2
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Guo H, Raj J, Wang Z, Zhang T, Wang K, Lin L, Hou W, Zhang J, Wu M, Wu J, Wang L. Synergistic Effects of Amine Functional Groups and Enriched-Atomic-Iron Sites in Carbon Dots for Industrial-Current-Density CO 2 Electroreduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311132. [PMID: 38511553 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal phthalocyanine molecules with Me-N4 centers have shown promise in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (eCO2R) for CO generation. However, iron phthalocyanine (FePc) is an exception, exhibiting negligible eCO2R activity due to a higher CO2 to *COOH conversion barrier and stronger *CO binding energy. Here, amine functional groups onto atomic-Fe-rich carbon dots (Af-Fe-CDs) are introduced via a one-step solvothermal molecule fusion approach. Af-Fe-CDs feature well-defined Fe-N4 active sites and an impressive Fe loading (up to 8.5 wt%). The synergistic effect between Fe-N4 active centers and electron-donating amine functional groups in Af-Fe-CDs yielded outstanding CO2-to-CO conversion performance. At industrial-relevant current densities exceeding 400 mA cm-2 in a flow cell, Af-Fe-CDs achieved >92% selectivity, surpassing state-of-the-art CO2-to-CO electrocatalysts. The in situ electrochemical FTIR characterization combined with theoretical calculations elucidated that Fe-N4 integration with amine functional groups in Af-Fe-CDs significantly reduced energy barriers for *COOH intermediate formation and *CO desorption, enhancing eCO2R efficiency. The proposed synergistic effect offers a promising avenue for high-efficiency catalysts with elevated atomic-metal loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Guo
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jithu Raj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lili Lin
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Hou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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3
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Deng M, Wang D, Li Y. General Design Concept of High-Performance Single-Atom-Site Catalysts for H 2O 2 Electrosynthesis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314340. [PMID: 38439595 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a green oxidizing agent is widely used in various fields. Electrosynthesis of H2O2 has gradually become a hotspot due to its convenient and environment-friendly features. Single-atom-site catalysts (SASCs) with uniform active sites are the ideal catalysts for the in-depth study of the reaction mechanism and structure-performance relationship. In this review, the outstanding achievements of SASCs in the electrosynthesis of H2O2 through 2e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and 2e- water oxygen reaction (WOR) in recent years, are summarized. First, the elementary steps of the two pathways and the roles of key intermediates (*OOH and *OH) in the reactions are systematically discussed. Next, the influence of the size effect, electronic structure regulation, the support/interfacial effect, the optimization of coordination microenvironments, and the SASCs-derived catalysts applied in 2e- ORR are systematically analyzed. Besides, the developments of SASCs in 2e- WOR are also overviewed. Finally, the research progress of H2O2 electrosynthesis on SASCs is concluded, and an outlook on the rational design of SASCs is presented in conjunction with the design strategies and characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Farrell S, Khwaja M, Paredes IJ, Oyuela C, Clarke W, Osinski N, Ebrahim AM, Paul SJ, Kannan H, Mo̷lnås H, Ma L, Ehrlich SN, Liu X, Riedo E, Rangarajan S, Frenkel AI, Sahu A. Elucidating Local Structure and Positional Effect of Dopants in Colloidal Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets for Catalytic Hydrogenolysis. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:4470-4482. [PMID: 38533242 PMCID: PMC10961832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tailoring nanoscale catalysts to targeted applications is a vital component in reducing the carbon footprint of industrial processes; however, understanding and controlling the nanostructure influence on catalysts is challenging. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material, is a popular example of a nonplatinum-group-metal catalyst with tunable nanoscale properties. Doping with transition metal atoms, such as cobalt, is one method of enhancing its catalytic properties. However, the location and influence of dopant atoms on catalyst behavior are poorly understood. To investigate this knowledge gap, we studied the influence of Co dopants in MoS2 nanosheets on catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS) through a well-controlled, ligand-directed, tunable colloidal doping approach. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed the nonmonotonous relationship between dopant concentration, location, and activity in HDS. Catalyst activity peaked at 21% Co:Mo as Co saturates the edge sites and begins basal plane doping. While Co prefers to dope the edges over basal sites, basal Co atoms are demonstrably more catalytically active than edge Co. These findings provide insight into the hydrogenolysis behavior of doped TMDs and can be extended to other TMD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven
L. Farrell
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Mersal Khwaja
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Ingrid J. Paredes
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Christopher Oyuela
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - William Clarke
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Noah Osinski
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Amani M. Ebrahim
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Shlok J. Paul
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Haripriya Kannan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Håvard Mo̷lnås
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Lu Ma
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Steven N. Ehrlich
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Elisa Riedo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Srinivas Rangarajan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Anatoly I. Frenkel
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ayaskanta Sahu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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5
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Yao R, Sun K, Zhang K, Wu Y, Du Y, Zhao Q, Liu G, Chen C, Sun Y, Li J. Stable hydrogen evolution reaction at high current densities via designing the Ni single atoms and Ru nanoparticles linked by carbon bridges. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2218. [PMID: 38472249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous and effective hydrogen evolution under high current densities remains a challenge for water electrolysis owing to the rapid performance degradation under continuous large-current operation. In this study, theoretical calculations, operando Raman spectroscopy, and CO stripping experiments confirm that Ru nanocrystals have a high resistance against deactivation because of the synergistic adsorption of OH intermediates (OHad) on the Ru and single atoms. Based on this conceptual model, we design the Ni single atoms modifying ultra-small Ru nanoparticle with defect carbon bridging structure (UP-RuNiSAs/C) via a unique unipolar pulse electrodeposition (UPED) strategy. As a result, the UP-RuNiSAs/C is found capable of running steadily for 100 h at 3 A cm-2, and shows a low overpotential of 9 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 under alkaline conditions. Moreover, the UP-RuNiSAs/C allows an anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer to operate stably at 1.95 Vcell for 250 h at 1 A cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Kaian Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Kaiyang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yun Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yujie Du
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Guang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Shanxi Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
- 2060 Research Institute, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jinping Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Gas Energy Efficient and Clean Utilization, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
- Shanxi Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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6
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Ahmed M, Wang C, Zhao Y, Sathish CI, Lei Z, Qiao L, Sun C, Wang S, Kennedy JV, Vinu A, Yi J. Bridging Together Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives in Single-Atom Alloys for Electrochemical Ammonia Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2308084. [PMID: 38243883 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia is an essential commodity in the food and chemical industry. Despite the energy-intensive nature, the Haber-Bosch process is the only player in ammonia production at large scales. Developing other strategies is highly desirable, as sustainable and decentralized ammonia production is crucial. Electrochemical ammonia production by directly reducing nitrogen and nitrogen-based moieties powered by renewable energy sources holds great potential. However, low ammonia production and selectivity rates hamper its utilization as a large-scale ammonia production process. Creating effective and selective catalysts for the electrochemical generation of ammonia is critical for long-term nitrogen fixation. Single-atom alloys (SAAs) have become a new class of materials with distinctive features that may be able to solve some of the problems with conventional heterogeneous catalysts. The design and optimization of SAAs for electrochemical ammonia generation have recently been significantly advanced. This comprehensive review discusses these advancements from theoretical and experimental research perspectives, offering a fundamental understanding of the development of SAAs for ammonia production.
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Affiliation(s)
- MuhammadIbrar Ahmed
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- CSIRO Energy Centre, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, NSW, 2304, Australia
| | - Yong Zhao
- CSIRO Energy Centre, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, NSW, 2304, Australia
| | - C I Sathish
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Zhihao Lei
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Liang Qiao
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chenghua Sun
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - John V Kennedy
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, P.O. Box 31312, Lower Hutt, 5010, New Zealand
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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7
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Suvarna M, Vaucher AC, Mitchell S, Laino T, Pérez-Ramírez J. Language models and protocol standardization guidelines for accelerating synthesis planning in heterogeneous catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7964. [PMID: 38042926 PMCID: PMC10693572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis protocol exploration is paramount in catalyst discovery, yet keeping pace with rapid literature advances is increasingly time intensive. Automated synthesis protocol analysis is attractive for swiftly identifying opportunities and informing predictive models, however such applications in heterogeneous catalysis remain limited. In this proof-of-concept, we introduce a transformer model for this task, exemplified using single-atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs), a rapidly expanding catalyst family. Our model adeptly converts SAC protocols into action sequences, and we use this output to facilitate statistical inference of their synthesis trends and applications, potentially expediting literature review and analysis. We demonstrate the model's adaptability across distinct heterogeneous catalyst families, underscoring its versatility. Finally, our study highlights a critical issue: the lack of standardization in reporting protocols hampers machine-reading capabilities. Embracing digital advances in catalysis demands a shift in data reporting norms, and to this end, we offer guidelines for writing protocols, significantly improving machine-readability. We release our model as an open-source web application, inviting a fresh approach to accelerate heterogeneous catalysis synthesis planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Suvarna
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Teodoro Laino
- IBM Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Lv YK, Wang K, Sun WY, Peng P, Zang SQ. A Universal Electrochemical Synthetic Strategy for the Direct Assembly of Single-Atom Catalysts. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304656. [PMID: 37828584 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been one of the frontiers in the field of catalysis in recent years owing to their high atomic utilization and unique electronic structure. To facilitate the practical application of single-atom, it is vital to develop a sustainable, facile single-atom preparation method with mass production potential. Herein, a universal one-step electrochemical synthesis strategy is proposed, and various metal-organic framework-supported SACs (including Pt, Au, Ir, Pd, Ru, Mo, Rh, and W) are straightforwardly obtained by simply replacing the guest metal precursors. As a proof-of-concept, the electrosynthetic Pt-based catalysts exhibit outstanding activity and stability in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This study not only enriches the single-atom synthesis methodology, but also extends the scenario of electrochemical synthesis, opening up new avenues for the design of advanced electro-synthesized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wen-Yan Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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9
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Xiang T, Liang Y, Zeng Y, Deng J, Yuan J, Xiong W, Song B, Zhou C, Yang Y. Transition Metal Single-Atom Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction: Mechanism, Synthesis, Characterization, Application, and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303732. [PMID: 37300329 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of nitrate in the environment will affect human health. To combat nitrate pollution, chemical, biological, and physical technologies have been developed recently. The researcher favors electrocatalytic reduction nitrate reaction (NO3 RR) because of the low post-treatment cost and simple treatment conditions. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer great activity, exceptional selectivity, and enhanced stability in the field of NO3 RR because of their high atomic usage and distinctive structural characteristics. Recently, efficient transition metal-based SACs (TM-SACs) have emerged as promising candidates for NO3 RR. However, the real active sites of TM-SACs applied to NO3 RR and the key factors controlling catalytic performance in the reaction process remain ambiguous. Further understanding of the catalytic mechanism of TM-SACs applied to NO3 RR is of practical significance for exploring the design of stable and efficient SACs. In this review, from experimental and theoretical studies, the reaction mechanism, rate-determining steps, and essential variables affecting activity and selectivity are examined. The performance of SACs in terms of NO3 RR, characterization, and synthesis is then discussed. In order to promote and comprehend NO3 RR on TM-SACs, the design of TM-SACs is finally highlighted, together with the current problems, their remedies, and the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuntao Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jili Yuan
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Safety, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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10
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Zhao Y, Shen Z, Huo J, Cao X, Ou P, Qu J, Nie X, Zhang J, Wu M, Wang G, Liu H. Epoxy-rich Fe Single Atom Sites Boost Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308349. [PMID: 37452696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial for energy conversion and storage devices. Single-atom catalysts with maximized metal utilization and altered electronic structure are the most promising alternatives to replace current benchmark precious metals. However, the atomic level understanding of the functional role for each species at the anchoring sites is still unclear and poorly elucidated. Herein, we report Fe single atom catalysts with the sulfur and oxygen functional groups near the atomically dispersed metal centers (Fe1/NSOC) for highly efficient ORR. The Fe1/NSOC delivers a half-wave potential of 0.92 V vs. RHE, which is much better than those of commercial Pt/C (0.88 V), Fe single atoms on N-doped carbon (Fe1/NC, 0.89 V) and most reported nonprecious metal catalysts. The spectroscopic measurements reveal that the presence of sulfur group induces the formation of epoxy groups near the FeN4S2 centers, which not only modulate the electronic structure of Fe single atoms but also participate the catalytic process to improve the kinetics. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate the existence of sulfur and epoxy group engineer the charges of Fe reactive center and facilitate the reductive release of OH* (rate-limiting step), thus boosting the overall oxygen reduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhao
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Juanjuan Huo
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Xianjun Cao
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Pengfei Ou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Junpeng Qu
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Xinming Nie
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW-2007, Australia
| | - Minghong Wu
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, China
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW-2007, Australia
| | - Hao Liu
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW-2007, Australia
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11
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Hu H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Xi J, Xiao J, Cao S. Performance Regulation of Single-Atom Catalyst by Modulating the Microenvironment of Metal Sites. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:24. [PMID: 37480375 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based catalysts, encompassing both homogeneous and heterogeneous types, play a vital role in the modern chemical industry. Heterogeneous metal-based catalysts usually possess more varied catalytically active centers than homogeneous catalysts, making it challenging to regulate their catalytic performance. In contrast, homogeneous catalysts have defined active-site structures, and their performance can be easily adjusted by modifying the ligand. These characteristics lead to remarkable conceptual and technical differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. As a recently emerging class of catalytic material, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have become one of the most active new frontiers in the catalysis field and show great potential to bridge homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. This review documents a brief introduction to SACs and their role in a range of reactions involving single-atom catalysis. To fully understand process-structure-property relationships of single-atom catalysis in chemical reactions, active sites or coordination structure and performance regulation strategies (e.g., tuning chemical and physical environment of single atoms) of SACs are comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, we discuss the application limitations, development trends and future challenges of single-atom catalysis and present a perspective on further constructing a highly efficient (e.g., activity, selectivity and stability), single-atom catalytic system for a broader scope of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbo Xi
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sufeng Cao
- Aramco Boston Research Center, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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12
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Yin L, Zhang S, Sun M, Wang S, Huang B, Du Y. Heteroatom-Driven Coordination Fields Altering Single Cerium Atom Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302485. [PMID: 37015027 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
For current single-atom catalysts (SACs), modulating the coordination environments of rare-earth (RE) single atoms with complex electronic orbital and flexible chemical states is still limited. Herein, cerium (Ce) SAs supported on a P, S, and N co-doped hollow carbon substrate (Ce SAs/PSNC) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are reported. The as-prepared Ce SAs/PSNC possesses a half-wave potential of 0.90 V, a turnover frequency value of 52.2 s-1 at 0.85 V, and excellent stability for the ORR, which exceeds the commercial Pt/C and most recent SACs. Ce SAs/PSNC-based liquid zinc-air batteries (ZABs) exhibit a high and stable open-circuit voltage of 1.49 V and a maximum power density of 212 mW cm-2 . As the catalyst of the air cathode, it also displays remarkable performance in flexible electronic devices. Theoretical calculations reveal that the introduction of S and P sites induces significant electronic modulations to the Ce SA active sites. The P and S dopings promote the electroactivity of Ce SAs and improve the overall site-to-site electron transfer within the Ce SAs/PSNC. This work offers a unique perspective for modulating RE-based SACs in a complex coordination environment toward superior electrocatalysis and broad applications in energy conversion and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yin
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Centre for Carbon-Strategic Catalysis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yaping Du
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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13
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Zhao X, He D, Xia BY, Sun Y, You B. Ambient Electrosynthesis toward Single-Atom Sites for Electrocatalytic Green Hydrogen Cycling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210703. [PMID: 36799551 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the ultimate atomic utilization, well-defined configuration of active sites and unique electronic properties, catalysts with single-atom sites (SASs) exhibit appealing performance for electrocatalytic green hydrogen generation from water splitting and further utilization via hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, such that a vast majority of synthetic strategies toward SAS-based catalysts (SASCs) are exploited. In particular, room-temperature electrosynthesis under atmospheric pressure offers a novel, safe, and effective route to access SASs. Herein, the recent progress in ambient electrosynthesis toward SASs for electrocatalytic sustainable hydrogen generation and utilization, and future opportunities are discussed. A systematic summary is started on three kinds of ambient electrochemically synthetic routes for SASs, including electrochemical etching (ECE), direct electrodeposition (DED), and electrochemical leaching-redeposition (ELR), associated with advanced characterization techniques. Next, their electrocatalytic applications for hydrogen energy conversion including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, overall water splitting, and oxygen reduction reaction are reviewed. Finally, a brief conclusion and remarks on future challenges regarding further development of ambient electrosynthesis of high-performance and cost-effective SASCs for many other electrocatalytic applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Daping He
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Bo You
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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14
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Yuan LJ, Sui XL, Liu C, Zhuo YL, Li Q, Pan H, Wang ZB. Electrocatalysis Mechanism and Structure-Activity Relationship of Atomically Dispersed Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Reactions. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201524. [PMID: 36642792 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts (M-N-C) have been widely used in the field of energy conversion, which has already attracted a huge amount of attention. Due to their unsaturated d-band electronic structure of the center atoms, M-N-C catalysts can be applied in different electrocatalytic reactions by adjusting their own microscopic electronic structures to achieve the optimization of the structure-activity relationship. Consequently, it is of great significance for the revelation of electrocatalytic mechanism and structure-activity relationship of M-N-C catalysts. Thus, this review first introduces the relative research methods, including in situ/operando characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods. Furthermore, clarifying the electrocatalytic mechanism and structure-activity relationship of M-N-C catalysts in different electrochemical energy conversion reactions is focused. Moreover, the future research directions are pointed out based on the discussion. This review will provide good guidance to systematically study the catalytic mechanism of single-atom catalysts and reasonably design the single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ji Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Lei Sui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhuo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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15
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Huo JM, Ma ZL, Wang Y, Cao YJ, Jiang YC, Li SN, Chen Y, Hu MC, Zhai QG. Monodispersed Pt Sites Supported on NiFe-LDH from Synchronous Anchoring and Reduction for High Efficiency Overall Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207044. [PMID: 36642802 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precise design of low-cost, efficient and definite electrocatalysts is the key to sustainable renewable energy. Herein, this work develops a targeted-anchored and subsequent spontaneous-redox strategy to synthesize nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets anchored with monodispersed platinum (Pt) sites (Pt@LDH). Intermediate metal-organic frameworks (MOF)/LDH heterostructure not only provides numerous confine points to guarantee the stability of Pt sites, but also excites the spontaneous reduction for PtII . Electronic structure, charge transfer ability and reaction kinetics of Pt@LDH can be effectively facilitated by the monodispersed Pt moieties. As a result, the optimized Pt@LDH that with the 5% ultra-low content Pt exhibits the significant increment in electrochemical water splitting performance in alkaline media, which only afford low overpotentials of 58 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 239 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. In a real device, Pt@LDH can drive an overall water-splitting at low cell voltage of 1.49 V at 10 mA cm-2 , which can be superior to most reported similar LDH-based catalysts. Moreover, the versatility of the method is extended to other MOF precursors and noble metals for the design of ultrathin LDH supported monodispersed noble metal electrocatalysts promoting research interest in material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Huo
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Cheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ni Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Man-Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Guo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
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16
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Liu H, Liu C, Zong X, Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhang Z. Role of the Support Effects in Single-Atom Catalysts. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201161. [PMID: 36635222 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have received a significant amount of attention due to their high atomic utilization, low cost, high reaction activity, and selectivity for multiple catalytic reactions. Unfortunately, the high surface free energy of single atoms leads them easily migrated and aggregated. Therefore, support materials play an important role in the preparation and catalytic performance of SACs. Aiming at understanding the relationship between support materials and the catalytic performance of SACs, the support effects in SACs are introduced and reviewed herein. Moreover, special emphasis is placed on exploring the influence of the type and structure of supports on SAC catalytic performance through advanced characterization and theoretical research. Future research directions for support materials are also proposed, providing some insight into the design of SACs with high efficiency and high loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zong
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan, Liaoning, 114051, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, P. R. China.,School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan, Liaoning, 114051, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114051, P. R. China
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17
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Niyaz M, Jamal R, Abdiryim T, Abdurexit A, Xie S, Song Y, Sawut N, Helil Z. PtPd NPs supported on nitrogen and sulfur containing polymers/special structured carbon spheres composite for methanol oxidation electrocatalysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Selective CO 2 electrolysis to CO using isolated antimony alloyed copper. Nat Commun 2023; 14:340. [PMID: 36670129 PMCID: PMC9860050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Renewable electricity-powered CO evolution from CO2 emissions is a promising first step in the sustainable production of commodity chemicals, but performing electrochemical CO2 reduction economically at scale is challenging since only noble metals, for example, gold and silver, have shown high performance for CO2-to-CO. Cu is a potential catalyst to achieve CO2 reduction to CO at the industrial scale, but the C-C coupling process on Cu significantly depletes CO* intermediates, thus limiting the CO evolution rate and producing many hydrocarbon and oxygenate mixtures. Herein, we tune the CO selectivity of Cu by alloying a second metal Sb into Cu, and report an antimony-copper single-atom alloy catalyst (Sb1Cu) of isolated Sb-Cu interfaces that catalyzes the efficient conversion of CO2-to-CO with a Faradaic efficiency over 95%. The partial current density reaches 452 mA cm-2 with approximately 91% CO Faradaic efficiency, and negligible C2+ products are observed. In situ spectroscopic measurements and theoretical simulations reason that the atomic Sb-Cu interface in Cu promotes CO2 adsorption/activation and weakens the binding strength of CO*, which ends up with enhanced CO selectivity and production rates.
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19
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Tian Y, Li M, Wu Z, Sun Q, Yuan D, Johannessen B, Xu L, Wang Y, Dou Y, Zhao H, Zhang S. Edge-hosted Atomic Co-N 4 Sites on Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Highly Selective Two-electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213296. [PMID: 36280592 PMCID: PMC10098864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Not only high efficiency but also high selectivity of the electrocatalysts is crucial for high-performance, low-cost, and sustainable energy storage applications. Herein, we systematically investigate the edge effect of carbon-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathways (two-electron (2 e- ) or four-electron (4 e- )) and conclude that the 2 e- -ORR proceeding over the edge-hosted atomic Co-N4 sites is more favorable than the basal-plane-hosted ones. As such, we have successfully synthesized and tuned Co-SACs with different edge-to-bulk ratios. The as-prepared edge-rich Co-N/HPC catalyst exhibits excellent 2 e- -ORR performance with a remarkable selectivity of ≈95 % in a wide potential range. Furthermore, we also find that oxygen functional groups could saturate the graphitic carbon edges under the ORR operation and further promote electrocatalytic performance. These findings on the structure-property relationship in SACs offer a promising direction for large-scale and low-cost electrochemical H2 O2 production via the 2 e- -ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Tian
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Meng Li
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Qiang Sun
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ding Yuan
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia.,Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Bernt Johannessen
- Australia Synchrotron, Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Li Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Yuhai Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.,Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Shanqing Zhang
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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20
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Su R, Zhang H, Chen F, Wang Z, Huang L. Applications of Single Atom Catalysts for Environmental Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811155. [PMID: 36141429 PMCID: PMC9517379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industrialization, human beings have caused many negative effects on the environment that have endangered the survival and development of human beings, such as the greenhouse effect, water pollution, energy depletion, etc [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkui Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Power China Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence:
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21
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Chen Y, Lin J, Jia B, Wang X, Jiang S, Ma T. Isolating Single and Few Atoms for Enhanced Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201796. [PMID: 35577552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed metal catalysts have triggered great interest in the field of catalysis owing to their unique features. Isolated single or few metal atoms can be anchored on substrates via chemical bonding or space confinement to maximize atom utilization efficiency. The key challenge lies in precisely regulating the geometric and electronic structure of the active metal centers, thus significantly influencing the catalytic properties. Although several reviews have been published on the preparation, characterization, and application of single-atom catalysts (SACs), the comprehensive understanding of SACs, dual-atom catalysts (DACs), and atomic clusters has never been systematically summarized. Here, recent advances in the engineering of local environments of state-of-the-art SACs, DACs, and atomic clusters for enhanced catalytic performance are highlighted. Firstly, various synthesis approaches for SACs, DACs, and atomic clusters are presented. Then, special attention is focused on the elucidation of local environments in terms of electronic state and coordination structure. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of isolated single and few atoms for the applications of thermocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis is provided. Finally, the potential challenges and future opportunities in this emerging field are presented. This review will pave the way to regulate the microenvironment of the active site for boosting catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jian Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuaiyu Jiang
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Huo J, Shen Z, Cao X, Li L, Zhao Y, Liu H, Wang G. Macro/Micro-Environment Regulating Carbon-Supported Single-Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen/Oxygen Conversion Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202394. [PMID: 35853722 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their unique atomic structure, maximized atom utilization, and remarkable catalytic performance. Among the SACs, the carbon-supported SACs have been widely investigated due to their easily controlled properties of the carbon substrates, such as the tunable morphologies, ordered porosity, and abundant anchoring sites. The electrochemical performance of carbon-supported SACs is highly related to the morphological structure of carbon substrates (macro-environment) and the local coordination environments of center metals (micro-environment). This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary on the macro/micro-environment regulating carbon-supported SACs for highly efficient hydrogen/oxygen conversion reactions. The authors first summarize the macro-environment engineering strategies of carbon-supported SACs with altered specific surface areas and porous properties of the carbon substrates, facilitating the mass diffusion kinetics and structural stability. Then the micro-environment engineering strategies of carbon-supported SACs are discussed with the regulated atomic structure and electronic structure of metal centers, boosting the catalytic performance. Insights into the correlation between the co-boosted effect from the macro/micro-environments and catalytic activity for hydrogen/oxygen conversion reactions are summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are addressed in building highly efficient carbon-supported SACs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huo
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Cao
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Joint International Laboratory on Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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23
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Zheng W, Zhu R, Wu H, Ma T, Zhou H, Zhou M, He C, Liu X, Li S, Cheng C. Tailoring Bond Microenvironments and Reaction Pathways of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Efficient Water Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiong Zheng
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road 610065 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Ran Zhu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road 610065 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road 610065 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Tian Ma
- Sichuan University West China Hospital Department of Ultrasound CHINA
| | - Hongju Zhou
- Sichuan University West China Hospital Department of Nephrology CHINA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Biomass Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Chao He
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road 610065 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Xikui Liu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road 610065 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Shuang Li
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road 610065 Chengdu CHINA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Sichuan University Department of polymer science No. 24, Yihuan Road 610065 Chengdu CHINA
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24
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Zheng W, Zhu R, Wu H, Ma T, Zhou H, Zhou M, He C, Liu X, Li S, Cheng C. Tailoring Bond Microenvironments and Reaction Pathways of Single-Atom Catalysts for Efficient Water Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208667. [PMID: 35876718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-Atom Sites (SASs) are commonly stabilized and influenced by neighboring atoms in the host; disclosing the structure-reactivity relationships of SASs in water electrolysis are the grand challenges originating from the enormous support materials with complex structures. Through a multidisciplinary view of the design principles, synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical analysis of structure-performance correlations, this timely review is dedicated to summarizing the most recent progress in tailoring bond microenvironments on different supports and discussing the reaction pathways and performance advantages of different SAS structures for water electrolysis . The essences and mechanisms of how SAS structures influence their electrocatalysis and the critical needs for their future developments are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are also provided to stimulate their practically widespread utilization in water-splitting electrolyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiong Zheng
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Ran Zhu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Tian Ma
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Ultrasound, CHINA
| | - Hongju Zhou
- Sichuan University West China Hospital, Department of Nephrology, CHINA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chao He
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Xikui Liu
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Shuang Li
- Sichuan University - Wangjiang Campus: Sichuan University, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Sichuan University, Department of polymer science, No. 24, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
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25
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Shan J, Ye C, Jiang Y, Jaroniec M, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Metal-metal interactions in correlated single-atom catalysts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0762. [PMID: 35486734 PMCID: PMC9054016 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) include a promising family of electrocatalysts with unique geometric structures. Beyond conventional ones with fully isolated metal sites, an emerging class of catalysts with the adjacent metal single atoms exhibiting intersite metal-metal interactions appear in recent years and can be denoted as correlated SACs (C-SACs). This type of catalysts provides more opportunities to achieve substantial structural modification and performance enhancement toward a wider range of electrocatalytic applications. On the basis of a clear identification of metal-metal interactions, this review critically examines the recent research progress in C-SACs. It shows that the control of metal-metal interactions enables regulation of atomic structure, local coordination, and electronic properties of metal single atoms, which facilitate the modulation of electrocatalytic behavior of C-SACs. Last, we outline directions for future work in the design and development of C-SACs, which is indispensable for creating high-performing new SAC architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Shan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yunling Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (S.-Z.Q.)
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (S.-Z.Q.)
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