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Wang X, Pan C, Xia N, Zhang C, Hao B, Jin D, Su L, Zhao J, Majidi C, Zhang L. Fracture-driven power amplification in a hydrogel launcher. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01955-4. [PMID: 39043929 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Robotic tasks that require robust propulsion abilities such as jumping, ejecting or catapulting require power-amplification strategies where kinetic energy is generated from pre-stored energy. Here we report an engineered accumulated strain energy-fracture power-amplification method that is inspired by the pressurized fluidic squirting mechanism of Ecballium elaterium (squirting cucumber plants). We realize a light-driven hydrogel launcher that harnesses fast liquid vapourization triggered by the photothermal response of an embedded graphene suspension. This vapourization leads to appreciable elastic energy storage within the surrounding hydrogel network, followed by rapid elastic energy release within 0.3 ms. These soft hydrogel robots achieve controlled launching at high velocity with a predictable trajectory. The accumulated strain energy-fracture method was used to create an artificial squirting cucumber that disperses artificial seeds over metres, which can further achieve smart seeding through an integrated radio-frequency identification chip. This power-amplification strategy provides a basis for propulsive motion to advance the capabilities of miniaturized soft robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Su
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Carmel Majidi
- Soft Machines Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin NT, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Center for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yu W, Zhao W, Zhu X, Li M, Yi X, Liu X. Laser-Printed All-Carbon Responsive Material and Soft Robot. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401920. [PMID: 39011802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Responsive materials and actuators are the basis for the development of various leading-edge technologies but have so far mostly been designed based on polymers, incurring key limitations related to sensitivity and environmental tolerance. This work reports a new responsive material, laser-printed carbon film (LPCF), produced via direct laser transformation of a liquid organic precursor and consists of graphitic and amorphous carbons. The high activity of amorphous carbon combined with the dual-gradient structure enables the LPCF to have a actuation speed of 9400° s-1 in response to the stimulus of organic vapor. LPCF exhibits a conductivity of 950 S m-1 and excellent resistance to various extreme environmental conditions, which are unachievable for polymer-based materials. Additionally, an LPCF-based all-carbon soft robot that can mimic the complex continuous backward somersaulting motions without manual intervention is constructed. The locomotion velocity of the robot reaches a value of 1.19 BL s-1, which is almost one to two orders of magnitude faster than that of reported soft robots. This work not only offers a new paradigm for highly responsive materials but also provides a great design and engineering example for the next generation of biomimetic robots with life-like performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinbei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaosu Yi
- Yangtze River Delta Carbon Fiber and Composite Technology Innovation Center, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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3
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Guo Q, Sun Y, Zhang T, Xie S, Chen X, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Yang L. Bistable Insect-Scale Jumpers with Tunable Energy Barriers for Multimodal Locomotion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404404. [PMID: 38973215 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from the jumping mechanisms of insects (e.g., click beetles), bistable structures can convert slow deformations of soft actuating material into fast jumping motions (i.e., power amplification). However, bistable jumpers often encounter large energy barriers for energy release/re-storage, posing a challenge in achieving multimodal (i.e., height/distance) and continuous jumps at the insect scale (body length under 20 mm). Here, a new offset-buckling bistable design is introduced that features antisymmetric equilibrium states and tunable energy barriers. Leveraging this design, a Boundary Actuation Tunable Energy-barrier (BATE) jumper (body length down to 15 mm) is developed, and transform BATE jumper from height-jump mode (up to 12.7 body lengths) to distance-jump mode (up to 20 body lengths). BATE jumpers can perform agile continuous jumping (within 300 ms for energy release/re-storage times) and real-time status detection is further demonstrated. This insect-level performance of the proposed BATE jumper showcases its potential toward future applications in exploration, search, and rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Hanqing Jiang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Laihao Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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4
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Gu M, Echtermeyer TJ. A Graphene-Mica-Based Photo-Thermal Actuator for Small-Scale Soft Robots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311001. [PMID: 38342582 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Small-scale soft robots demonstrate intricate life-like behavior and allow navigation through arduous terrains and confined spaces. However, the primary challenges in soft robotics are 1) creating actuators capable of quick, reversible 22D-to-3D shape morphing with adjustable stiffness, 2) improving actuation force and robustness for wider applications, and 3) designing holistic systems for untethered manipulation and flexible multimodality in practical scenarios. Here, mechanically compliant paper-like robots are presented with multiple functionalities. The robots are based on photothermally activated polymer bimorph actuators that incorporate graphene for the photo-thermal conversion of energy and muscovite mica, with its high Young's modulus, providing the required stiffness. Conversion of light into heat leads to thermal expansion and bending of the stress-mismatched structures. The actuators are designed on the basis of a modified Timoshenko model, and numerical simulations are employed to evaluate their actuation performance. The membranes can be utilized for light-driven programmable shape-morphing. Localized control allows the implementation of active hinges at arbitrary positions within the membrane. Integrated into small-scale soft robots in mass production, the membrane facilitates locomotion, rolling, and flipping of the robots. Further, grasping and kicking mechanisms are demonstrated, highlighting the potential of such actuators for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tim J Echtermeyer
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Liu L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wu M, Lu Z, Ming Z, Tao J, Xiong J. Highly-Aligned All-Fiber Actuator with Asymmetric Photothermal-Humidity Response and Autonomous Perceptivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404696. [PMID: 38923035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Soft robots adapt to complex environments for autonomous locomotion, manipulation, and perception are attractive for robot-environment interactions. Strategies to reconcile environment-triggered actuation and self-powered sensing responses to different stimuli remain challenging. By tuning the in situ vapor phase solvent exchange effect in continuous electrospinning, an asymmetric highly-aligned all-fiber membrane (HAFM) with a hierarchical "grape-like" nanosphere-assembled microfiber structure (specific surface area of 13.6 m2 g-1) and excellent mechanical toughness (tensile stress of 5.5 MPa, and fracture toughness of 798 KJ m-3) is developed, which shows efficient asymmetric actuation to both photothermal and humidity stimuli. The HAFM consists of a metal-organic framework (MOF)-enhanced moisture-responsive layer and an MXene-improved photothermal-responsive layer, which achieves substantial actuation with a bending curvature up to ≈7.23 cm-1 and a fast response of 0.60 cm-1 s-1. By tailoring the fiber alignment and bi-layer thickness ratio, different types of micromanipulators, automatic walking robots, and plant robots with programmable structures are demonstrated, which are realized for self-powered information perception of material type, object moisture, and temperature by integrating the autonomous triboelectric effect induced by photothermal-moisture actuation. This work presents fiber materials with programable hierarchical asymmetries and inspires a common strategy for self-powered organism-interface robots to interact with complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Luyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zeren Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zechang Ming
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jin Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Department of Textile, Garment and Design, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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6
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Zhou X, Chen G, Jin B, Feng H, Chen Z, Fang M, Yang B, Xiao R, Xie T, Zheng N. Multimodal Autonomous Locomotion of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Soft Robot. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402358. [PMID: 38520731 PMCID: PMC11187929 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Self-oscillation phenomena observed in nature serve as extraordinary inspiration for designing synthetic autonomous moving systems. Converting self-oscillation into designable self-sustained locomotion can lead to a new generation of soft robots that require minimal/no external control. However, such locomotion is typically constrained to a single mode dictated by the constant surrounding environment. In this study, a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) robot capable of achieving self-sustained multimodal locomotion, with the specific motion mode being controlled via substrate adhesion or remote light stimulation is presented. Specifically, the LCE is mechanically trained to undergo repeated snapping actions to ensure its self-sustained rolling motion in a constant gradient thermal field atop a hotplate. By further fine-tuning the substrate adhesion, the LCE robot exhibits reversible transitions between rolling and jumping modes. In addition, the rolling motion can be manipulated in real time through light stimulation to perform other diverse motions including turning, decelerating, stopping, backing up, and steering around complex obstacles. The principle of introducing an on-demand gate control offers a new venue for designing future autonomous soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Guancong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Binjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Haijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Zike Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsKey Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Mengqi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Rui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsKey Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Engineering MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
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7
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Jia B, Liu C, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Tian X, Cui Y, Deng Y. Light-Responsive Soft Robot Integrating Actuation and Function Based on Laser Cutting. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:534. [PMID: 38675345 PMCID: PMC11051773 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Soft robots with good deformability and adaptability have important prospects in the bionics and intelligence field. However, current research into soft robots is primarily limited to the study of actuators and ignores the integrated use of functional devices and actuators. To enrich the functions of soft robots and expand their application fields, it is necessary to integrate various functional electronic devices into soft robots to perform diverse functions during dynamic deformation. Therefore, this paper discusses methods and strategies to manufacture optical stimuli-responsive soft actuators and integrate them into functional devices for soft robots. Specifically, laser cutting allows us to fabricate an optically responsive actuator structure, e.g., the curling direction can be controlled by adjusting the direction of the cutting line. Actuators with different bending curvatures, including nonbending, can be obtained by adjusting the cutting depth, cutting width, and the spacing of the cutting line, which makes it easy to obtain a folded structure. Thus, various actuators with complex shape patterns can be obtained. In addition, we demonstrate a fabrication scheme for a worm-like soft robot integrated with functional devices (LEDs are used in this paper). The local nonbending design provides an asymmetric structure that provides driving power and avoids damage to the functional circuit caused by the large deformation during movement. The integration of drive and function provides a new path for the application of soft robots in the intelligence and bionics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (B.J.); (Y.T.)
- Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; (Y.Z.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
| | - Changbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (B.J.); (Y.T.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; (Y.Z.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (B.J.); (Y.T.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuecheng Tian
- Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; (Y.Z.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; (Y.Z.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Materials and Chip Integration Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310051, China; (Y.Z.); (X.T.); (Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Han Z, Li Y, Wu X, Zhang J. Tetherless and Batteryless Soft Navigators and Grippers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14345-14356. [PMID: 38443330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Remotely controllable soft actuators have promising potential applications in many fields including soft robotics, exploration, and invasion medical treatment. Shape memory polymers could store and release energy, resulting in shape deformation, and have been regarded as promising candidates to fabricate untethered soft robots. Herein, an untethered and battery-free soft navigator and gripper based on a shape memory hydrogel is presented. The shape memory hydrogel is obtained through hydrogen bonding between gelatin and tannic acid, and the hydrogel displays excellent shape memory properties on the basis of hydrogen bonding and the coil-triple helix transition of gelatin. Moreover, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are introduced to endow the hydrogel magnetic responsiveness and photothermal conversion capacity. Finally, the shape memory hydrogel in a stretched state is assembled with an inert hydrogel to achieve a bilayer hydrogel actuator, which could produce complex shape transformation due to the shape recovery of the shape memory layer induced by heat or light. Taking advantage of the magnetically control and light-responsive shape deformation, remotely controllable soft grippers that could navigate through tortuous paths and grasp objects from a hard-to-reach place have been accomplished. This approach will inspire the design and fabrication of novel shape memory hydrogels as remotely controllable soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xinjun Wu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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9
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Ma J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Xue P, Valenzuela C, Liu Y, Wang L, Feng W. Mechanochromic and ionic conductive cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers for biomechanical monitoring and human-machine interaction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:217-226. [PMID: 37901959 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01386c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) that combine rubbery elasticity with structural colour from self-assembled helical nanostructures are of paramount importance for diverse applications such as biomimetic skins, adaptive optics and soft robotics. Despite great advances, it is challenging to integrate electrical sensing and colour-changing characteristics in a single CLCE system. Here, we report the design and synthesis of an ionic conductive cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (iCLCE) through in situ Michael addition and free-radical photopolymerization of CLCE precursors on silane-functionalized polymer ionic liquid networks, in which robust covalent chemical bonding was formed at the interface. Thanks to superior mechanochromism and ionic conductivity, the resulting iCLCEs exhibit dynamic colour-changing and electrical sensing functions in a wide range upon mechanical stretching, and can be used for biomechanical monitoring during joint bending. Importantly, a capacitive elastomeric sensor can be constructed through facilely stacking iCLCEs, where the optical and electrical dual-signal reporting performance allows intuitive visual localization of pressure intensity and distribution. Moreover, proof-of-concept application of the iCLCEs has been demonstrated with human-interactive systems. The research disclosed herein can provide new insights into the development of bioinspired somatosensory materials for emerging applications in diverse fields such as human-machine interaction, prostheses and intelligent robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhe Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Pan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Binhai Industrial Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300452, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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10
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Yang Y, Wang Y. Snapping for 4D-Printed Insect-Scale Metal-Jumper. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307088. [PMID: 37997200 PMCID: PMC10797476 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The replication of jumping motions observed in small organisms poses a significant challenge due to size-related effects. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit a superior work-to-weight ratio, making them suitable for jumping actuators. However, the SMAs advantages are hindered by the limitations imposed by their single actuator configuration and slow response speed. This study proposes a novel design approach for an insect-scale shape memory alloy jumper (net-shell) using 4D printing technology and the bistable power amplification mechanism. The energy variations of the SMA net-shell under different states and loads are qualitatively elucidated through a spring-mass model. To optimize the performance of the SMA net-shell, a non-contact photo-driven technique is employed to induce its shape transition. Experimental investigations explore the deformation response, energy release of the net-shell, and the relationship between the light power density. The results demonstrate that the SMA net-shell exhibits remarkable jumping capabilities, achieving a jump height of 60 body lengths and takeoff speeds of up to 300 body lengths per second. Furthermore, two illustrative cases highlight the potential of net-shells for applications in unstructured terrains. This research contributes to miniaturized jumping mechanisms by providing a new design approach integrating smart materials and advanced structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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11
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Li X, Huang C, Wang K, Qi L, Zhang C, Zhang M, Xue Y, Cui Y, Li Y. Alkyne-to-alkene conversion in graphdiyne driving instant reversible deformation of whole carbon film. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1690. [PMID: 37801501 PMCID: PMC10558119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The emerging field of soft robotics demands the core actuators and related responsive functional materials with rapid responsiveness and controllable accurate deformation. Here, we developed an alkyne-to-alkene chemical bond conversion way as the driving force to control ultrasensitive and instant reversible deformation of 2D carbon graphdiyne (GDY) film with an asymmetric interface design. The alkyne-to-alkene chemical bond conversion was triggered by acetone through the fast binding and release process. The as-fabricated GDY-based deformation modulator was exhibited to rapidly change shape (within 0.15 seconds) while dipped in an acetone vapor atmosphere and recover to its original form when exposed to air (recovery time < 0.01 seconds), with outstanding properties like large curvature, quick recovery time, excellent stability, and repeatability. It could mimic the movement of mosquito larvae, displaying great promise as micro bionic soft robots. Our results suggest alkyne-to-alkene bond conversion as a unique driving force for developing smart materials for areas like intelligent robotics and bionics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Changshui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Lu Qi
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi Dong Road, 071002 Baoding, P.R. China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
| | - Yurui Xue
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yanguang Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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12
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Leng M, Koripally N, Huang J, Vriza A, Lee KY, Ji X, Li C, Hays M, Tu Q, Dunbar K, Xu J, Ng TN, Fang L. Synthesis and exceptional operational durability of polyaniline-inspired conductive ladder polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4354-4364. [PMID: 37455554 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ladder-type structures can impart exceptional stability to polymeric electronic materials. This article introduces a new class of conductive polymers featuring a fully ladder-type backbone. A judicious molecular design strategy enables the synthesis of a low-defect ladder polymer, which can be efficiently oxidized and acid-doped to achieve its conductive state. The structural elucidation of this polymer and the characterization of its open-shell nature are facilitated with the assistance of studies on small molecular models. An autonomous robotic system is used to optimize the conductivity of the polymer thin film, achieving over 7 mS cm-1. Impressively, this polymer demonstrates unparalleled stability in strong acid and under harsh UV-irradiation, significantly surpassing commercial benchmarks like PEDOT:PSS and polyaniline. Moreover, it displays superior durability across numerous redox cycles as the active material in an electrochromic device and as the pseudocapacitive material in a supercapacitor device. This work provides structural design guidance for durable conductive polymers for long-term device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwan Leng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Nandu Koripally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Junjie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Aikaterini Vriza
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Kyeong Yeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Megan Hays
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Kim Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Tse Nga Ng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
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13
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Ji T, Gong W, Zhou J, Jing Y, Xing R, Zhu B, Li K, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Scalable multi-dimensional topological deformation actuators for active object identification. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1726-1736. [PMID: 36891764 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01567f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rarely are bionic robots capable of rapid multi-dimensional deformation and object identification in the same way as animals and plants. This study proposes a topological deformation actuator for bionic robots based on pre-expanded polyethylene and large flake MXene, inspired by the octopus predation behavior. This unusual, large-area topological deformation actuator (easily reaching 800 cm2 but is not constrained to this size) prepared by large-scale blow molding and continuous scrape coating exhibits different distribution states of molecular chains at low and high temperatures, causing the actuator's deformation direction to change axially. With its multi-dimensional topological deformation and self-powered active object identification capabilities, the actuator can capture objects like an octopus. The contact electrification effect assists the actuator to identify the type and size of the target object during this multi-dimensional topological deformation that is controllable and designable. This work demonstrates the direct conversion of light energy into contact electrical signals, introducing a new route for the practicality and scaling of bionic robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Gong
- College of Light-Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yangmin Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Ruizhe Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.
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14
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Hu J, Nie Z, Wang M, Liu Z, Huang S, Yang H. Springtail-inspired Light-driven Soft Jumping Robots Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers with Monolithic Three-leaf Panel Fold Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218227. [PMID: 36624053 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Jump is an important form of motion that enables animals to escape from predators, increase their range of activities, and better adapt to the environment. Inspired by springtails, we describe a light-driven soft jumping robot based on a double-folded liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) ribbon actuator with a monolithic three-leaf panel fold structure. This robot can achieve remarkable jumping height, jumping distance, and maximum take-off velocity, of up to 87 body length (BL), 65 BL, and 930 BL s-1 , respectively, under near-infrared light irradiation. Further, it is possible to control the height, distance, and direction of jump by changing the size and crease angle of the double-folded LCE ribbon actuators. These robots can efficiently jump over obstacles and can jump continuously, even in complex environments. Our simple design strategy improves the performance of jumping actuators and we expect it to have a wide-ranging impact on the strength, continuity, and adaptability of future soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189 (P. R. of, China
| | - Zhenzhou Nie
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189 (P. R. of, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189 (P. R. of, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189 (P. R. of, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189 (P. R. of, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211189 (P. R. of, China
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15
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Shi F, Ai Y, Wang B, Zhang S, Zhang X, Sun W. Electrochemical detection of hydroquinone based on marine biomass carbon from shrimp shells as electrode modifier. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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16
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Li Q, Jiao Y. Ultrafast Photothermal Actuators with a Large Helical Curvature Based on Ultrathin GO and Biaxially Oriented PE Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55828-55838. [PMID: 36484521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In nature, there are some amazing superfast actuations (Venus flytrap) and large-curvature helical deformations (the awn of Erodium). Although many bionic actuators have been made (electrothermal, hygroscopic, photoinduced), most of their actuations are slow and small, not comparable to the wonderful ones in nature. Here, we report an ultrafast photothermal actuator with large-curvature curling based on an ultrathin graphene oxide (GO) and biaxially oriented polyethylene (BOPE) bilayer film (thickness ∼11 μm). By virtue of the fast temperature changing rate (peak: 900 °C s-1 during infrared heating and -1200 °C s-1 during cooling) and the great difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of GO and BOPE layers, the actuator deforms rapidly and greatly. The maximum bending speed and curvature can reach 5300° s-1 and 22 cm-1, respectively, which are comparable to those of wonderful natural actuators and far exceed the performances of the reported artificial actuators. Different from ordinary helical actuators made of uniaxial anisotropic materials, our actuator is based on a typical biaxial anisotropic material of BOPE. However, the morphing behaviors of this type of actuator have not been reported before. So for the first time, we systematically studied this problem through experiments and simulations using the GO-BOPE actuator as a prototype and have drawn clear conclusions. In addition, functional GO-BOPE actuators capable of winding around and manipulating tiny objects were also designed and developed. We think this ultrafast large-curvature photothermal actuator will have wide application prospects in bionic actuations and dexterous robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, China
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17
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Ren M, Xu P, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Dong L, Zhou T, Chang J, He J, Wei X, Wu Y, Wang X, Chen W, Di J, Li Q. Stepwise Artificial Yarn Muscles with Energy-Free Catch States Driven by Aluminum-Ion Insertion. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15850-15861. [PMID: 35984218 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Present artificial muscles have been suffering from poor actuation step precision and the need of energy input to maintain actuated states due to weak interactions between guest and host materials or the unstable structural changes. Herein, these challenges are addressed by deploying a mechanism of reversible faradaic insertion and extraction reactions between tetrachloroaluminate ions and collapsed carbon nanotubes. This mechanism allows tetrachloroaluminate ions as a strong but dynamic "locker" to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state and programmable stepwise actuation in the yarn muscle. When powered off, the muscle nearly 100% maintained any achieved contractile strokes even under loads up to 96,000 times the muscle weight. The actuation mechanism allowed the programmable control of stroke steps down to 1% during reversible actuation. The isometric stress generated by the yarn muscle (14.6 MPa in maximum, 40 times that of skeletal muscles) was also energy freely lockable and step controllable with high precision. Importantly, when fully charged, the muscle stored energy with a high capacity of 102 mAh g-1, allowing the muscle as a battery to power secondary muscles or other devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ren
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yurong Zhou
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lizhong Dong
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Jinke Chang
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Jianfeng He
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xulin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiangtao Di
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- School of Nano-Technology and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- Division of Nanomaterials and Jiangxi Key Lab of Carbonene Materials, Jiangxi Institute of Nanotechnology, Nanchang 330200, China
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18
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Oscillating light engine realized by photothermal solvent evaporation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5621. [PMID: 36153322 PMCID: PMC9509359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous mechanical work output can be generated by using combustion engines and electric motors, as well as actuators, through on/off control via external stimuli. Solar energy has been used to generate electricity and heat in human daily life; however, the direct conversion of solar energy to continuous mechanical work has not been realized. In this work, a solar engine is developed using an oscillating actuator, which is realized through an alternating volume decrease of each side of a polypropylene/carbon black polymer film induced by photothermal-derived solvent evaporation. The anisotropic solvent evaporation and fast gradient diffusion in the polymer film sustains oscillating bending actuation under the illumination of divergent light. This light-driven oscillator shows excellent oscillation performance, excellent loading capability, and high energy conversion efficiency, and it can never stop with solvent supply. The oscillator can cyclically lift up a load and output work, exhibiting a maximum specific work of 30.9 × 10−5 J g−1 and a maximum specific power of 15.4 × 10−5 W g−1 under infrared light. This work can inspire the development of autonomous devices and provide a design strategy for solar engines. Developing an oscillating actuator that can directly convert solar energy into mechanical energy is highly desirable. Here, authors report a solvent-assisted light-driven oscillator by porous film that achieves excellent oscillating actuation performance and can even oscillate by carrying a load under light irradiation.
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