1
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Gongora AE, Friedman C, Newton DK, Yee TD, Doorenbos Z, Giera B, Duoss EB, Han TYJ, Sullivan K, Rodriguez JN. Accelerating the design of lattice structures using machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13703. [PMID: 38871775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lattices remain an attractive class of structures due to their design versatility; however, rapidly designing lattice structures with tailored or optimal mechanical properties remains a significant challenge. With each added design variable, the design space quickly becomes intractable. To address this challenge, research efforts have sought to combine computational approaches with machine learning (ML)-based approaches to reduce the computational cost of the design process and accelerate mechanical design. While these efforts have made substantial progress, significant challenges remain in (1) building and interpreting the ML-based surrogate models and (2) iteratively and efficiently curating training datasets for optimization tasks. Here, we address the first challenge by combining ML-based surrogate modeling and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analysis to interpret the impact of each design variable. We find that our ML-based surrogate models achieve excellent prediction capabilities (R2 > 0.95) and SHAP values aid in uncovering design variables influencing performance. We address the second challenge by utilizing active learning-based methods, such as Bayesian optimization, to explore the design space and report a 5 × reduction in simulations relative to grid-based search. Collectively, these results underscore the value of building intelligent design systems that leverage ML-based methods for uncovering key design variables and accelerating design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldair E Gongora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | - Caleb Friedman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Deirdre K Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Timothy D Yee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Zachary Doorenbos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Brian Giera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Eric B Duoss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Thomas Y-J Han
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Kyle Sullivan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Jennifer N Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
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2
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Weituschat LM, Castro I, Colomar I, Everly C, Postigo PA, Ramos D. Exploring regenerative coupling in phononic crystals for room temperature quantum optomechanics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12330. [PMID: 38811848 PMCID: PMC11137142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum technologies play a pivotal role in driving transformative advancements across diverse fields, surpassing classical approaches and empowering us to address complex challenges more effectively; however, the need for ultra-low temperatures limits the use of these technologies to particular fields. This work comes to alleviate this problem. We present a way of phononic bandgap engineering using FEM by which the radiative mechanical energy dissipation of a nanomechanical oscillator can be significantly suppressed through coupling with a complementary oscillating mode of a defect of the surrounding phononic crystal (PnC). Applied to an optomechanically coupled nanobeam resonator in the megahertz regime, we find a mechanical quality factor improvement of up to four orders of magnitude compared to conventional PnC designs. As this method is based on geometrical optimization of the PnC and frequency matching of the resonator and defect mode, it is applicable to a wide range of resonator types and frequency ranges. Taking advantage of the, hereinafter referred to as, "regenerative coupling" in phononic crystals, the presented device is capable of reaching f × Q products exceeding 10E16 Hz with only two rows of PnC shield. Thus, stable quantum states with mechanical decoherence times up to 700 μs at room temperature can be obtained, offering new opportunities for the optimization of mechanical resonator performance and advancing the room temperature quantum field across diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Weituschat
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Castro
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Colomar
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christer Everly
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Pablo A Postigo
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Daniel Ramos
- Optomechanics Lab, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, 3, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Cupertino A, Shin D, Guo L, Steeneken PG, Bessa MA, Norte RA. Centimeter-scale nanomechanical resonators with low dissipation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4255. [PMID: 38762589 PMCID: PMC11102468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
High-aspect-ratio mechanical resonators are pivotal in precision sensing, from macroscopic gravitational wave detectors to nanoscale acoustics. However, fabrication challenges and high computational costs have limited the length-to-thickness ratio of these devices, leaving a largely unexplored regime in nano-engineering. We present nanomechanical resonators that extend centimeters in length yet retain nanometer thickness. We explore this expanded design space using an optimization approach which judiciously employs fast millimeter-scale simulations to steer the more computationally intensive centimeter-scale design optimization. By employing delicate nanofabrication techniques, our approach ensures high-yield realization, experimentally confirming room-temperature quality factors close to theoretical predictions. The synergy between nanofabrication, design optimization guided by machine learning, and precision engineering opens a solid-state path to room-temperature quality factors approaching 10 billion at kilohertz mechanical frequencies - comparable to the performance of leading cryogenic resonators and levitated nanospheres, even under significantly less stringent temperature and vacuum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cupertino
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dongil Shin
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Guo
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Steeneken
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Bessa
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St., Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Richard A Norte
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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4
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Engelsen NJ, Beccari A, Kippenberg TJ. Ultrahigh-quality-factor micro- and nanomechanical resonators using dissipation dilution. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-023-01597-8. [PMID: 38443697 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical resonators are widely used in sensors, transducers and optomechanical systems, where mechanical dissipation sets the ultimate limit to performance. Over the past 15 years, the quality factors in strained mechanical resonators have increased by four orders of magnitude, surpassing the previous state of the art achieved in bulk crystalline resonators at room temperature and liquid helium temperatures. In this Review, we describe how these advances were made by leveraging 'dissipation dilution'-where dissipation is reduced through a combination of static tensile strain and geometric nonlinearity in dynamic strain. We then review the state of the art in strained nanomechanical resonators and discuss the potential for even higher quality factors in crystalline materials. Finally, we detail current and future applications of dissipation-diluted mechanical resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Johan Engelsen
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Alberto Beccari
- Instutute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Jan Kippenberg
- Instutute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Xu M, Shin D, Sberna PM, van der Kolk R, Cupertino A, Bessa MA, Norte RA. High-Strength Amorphous Silicon Carbide for Nanomechanics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306513. [PMID: 37823403 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
For decades, mechanical resonators with high sensitivity have been realized using thin-film materials under high tensile loads. Although there are remarkable strides in achieving low-dissipation mechanical sensors by utilizing high tensile stress, the performance of even the best strategy is limited by the tensile fracture strength of the resonator materials. In this study, a wafer-scale amorphous thin film is uncovered, which has the highest ultimate tensile strength ever measured for a nanostructured amorphous material. This silicon carbide (SiC) material exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of over 10 GPa, reaching the regime reserved for strong crystalline materials and approaching levels experimentally shown in graphene nanoribbons. Amorphous SiC strings with high aspect ratios are fabricated, with mechanical modes exceeding quality factors 108 at room temperature, the highest value achieves among SiC resonators. These performances are demonstrated faithfully after characterizing the mechanical properties of the thin film using the resonance behaviors of free-standing resonators. This robust thin-film material has significant potential for applications in nanomechanical sensors, solar cells, biological applications, space exploration, and other areas requiring strength and stability in dynamic environments. The findings of this study open up new possibilities for the use of amorphous thin-film materials in high-performance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Xu
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Dongil Shin
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo M Sberna
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology, Else Kooi Laboratory, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Roald van der Kolk
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Kavli Nanolab, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Cupertino
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Bessa
- Brown University, School of Engineering, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Richard A Norte
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, CD, 2628, The Netherlands
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6
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Huang G, Beccari A, Engelsen NJ, Kippenberg TJ. Room-temperature quantum optomechanics using an ultralow noise cavity. Nature 2024; 626:512-516. [PMID: 38356070 PMCID: PMC10866701 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
At room temperature, mechanical motion driven by the quantum backaction of light has been observed only in pioneering experiments in which an optical restoring force controls the oscillator stiffness1,2. For solid-state mechanical resonators in which oscillations are controlled by the material rigidity, the observation of these effects has been hindered by low mechanical quality factors, optical cavity frequency fluctuations3, thermal intermodulation noise4,5 and photothermal instabilities. Here we overcome these challenges with a phononic-engineered membrane-in-the-middle system. By using phononic-crystal-patterned cavity mirrors, we reduce the cavity frequency noise by more than 700-fold. In this ultralow noise cavity, we insert a membrane resonator with high thermal conductance and a quality factor (Q) of 180 million, engineered using recently developed soft-clamping techniques6,7. These advances enable the operation of the system within a factor of 2.5 of the Heisenberg limit for displacement sensing8, leading to the squeezing of the probe laser by 1.09(1) dB below the vacuum fluctuations. Moreover, the long thermal decoherence time of the membrane oscillator (30 vibrational periods) enables us to prepare conditional displaced thermal states of motion with an occupation of 0.97(2) phonons using a multimode Kalman filter. Our work extends the quantum control of solid-state macroscopic oscillators to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhao Huang
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Beccari
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nils J Engelsen
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Tobias J Kippenberg
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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West R, Kanellopulos K, Schmid S. Photothermal Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Nanomechanical Resonators. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21915-21929. [PMID: 38024195 PMCID: PMC10659107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In nanomechanical photothermal absorption spectroscopy and microscopy, the measured substance becomes a part of the detection system itself, inducing a nanomechanical resonance frequency shift upon thermal relaxation. Suspended, nanometer-thin ceramic or 2D material resonators are innately highly sensitive thermal detectors of localized heat exchanges from substances on their surface or integrated into the resonator itself. Consequently, the combined nanoresonator-analyte system is a self-measuring spectrometer and microscope responding to a substance's transfer of heat over the entire spectrum for which it absorbs, according to the intensity it experiences. Limited by their own thermostatistical fluctuation phenomena, nanoresonators have demonstrated sufficient sensitivity for measuring trace analyte as well as single particles and molecules with incoherent light or focused and wide-field coherent light. They are versatile in their design, support various sampling methods-potentially including hydrated sample encapsulation-and hyphenation with other spectroscopic methods, and are capable in a wide range of applications including fingerprinting, separation science, and surface sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
G. West
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Kanellopulos
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvan Schmid
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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8
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van Mastrigt R, Dijkstra M, van Hecke M, Coulais C. Machine Learning of Implicit Combinatorial Rules in Mechanical Metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:198003. [PMID: 36399748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.198003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial problems arising in puzzles, origami, and (meta)material design have rare sets of solutions, which define complex and sharply delineated boundaries in configuration space. These boundaries are difficult to capture with conventional statistical and numerical methods. Here we show that convolutional neural networks can learn to recognize these boundaries for combinatorial mechanical metamaterials, down to finest detail, despite using heavily undersampled training sets, and can successfully generalize. This suggests that the network infers the underlying combinatorial rules from the sparse training set, opening up new possibilities for complex design of (meta)materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan van Mastrigt
- Institute of Physics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Hecke
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Corentin Coulais
- Institute of Physics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Chen X, Ammu SK, Masania K, Steeneken PG, Alijani F. Diamagnetic Composites for High-Q Levitating Resonators. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203619. [PMID: 36180390 PMCID: PMC9661851 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Levitation offers extreme isolation of mechanical systems from their environment, while enabling unconstrained high-precision translation and rotation of objects. Diamagnetic levitation is one of the most attractive levitation schemes because it allows stable levitation at room temperature without the need for a continuous power supply. However, dissipation by eddy currents in conventional diamagnetic materials significantly limits the application potential of diamagnetically levitating systems. Here, a route toward high-Q macroscopic levitating resonators by substantially reducing eddy current damping using graphite particle based diamagnetic composites is presented. Resonators that feature quality factors Q above 450 000 and vibration lifetimes beyond one hour are demonstrated, while levitating above permanent magnets in high vacuum at room temperature. The composite resonators have a Q that is >400 times higher than that of diamagnetic graphite plates. By tuning the composite particle size and density, the dissipation reduction mechanism is investigated, and the Q of the levitating resonators is enhanced. Since their estimated acceleration noise is as low as some of the best superconducting levitating accelerometers at cryogenic temperatures, the high Q and large mass of the presented composite resonators positions them as one of the most promising technologies for next generation ultra-sensitive room temperature accelerometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Chen
- Department of Precision and Microsystems EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
| | - Satya K. Ammu
- Shaping Matter LabFaculty of Aerospace EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyDelft2629 HSThe Netherlands
| | - Kunal Masania
- Shaping Matter LabFaculty of Aerospace EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyDelft2629 HSThe Netherlands
| | - Peter G. Steeneken
- Department of Precision and Microsystems EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyLorentzweg 1Delft2628 CJThe Netherlands
| | - Farbod Alijani
- Department of Precision and Microsystems EngineeringDelft University of TechnologyMekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
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10
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Yue Y, Tang Y, Wang Q, Xiao W, Liu J, Wang J, Chen M, Wu G, Su B. Active Perception in Non-Visual Recognition Environments by Stretchable Tentacle Sensor Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26913-26922. [PMID: 35666640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Smoke fog or other light-interference environments have intrinsic obstruction for visual recognition techniques to explore objects and surroundings. Alternatively, tactile perceptions, rather than visual observations, are commonly used by burrowing or deep-sea animals to communicate with environments. Bio-inspired by this natural wisdom, here, we demonstrate stretchable tentacle sensor arrays, which can recognize surrounding objects located in non-visual conditions such as smoke fog or dark environment. Each tentacle sensor is composed of two functional parts: a retractable tentacle with a magnetic top and an elastomer bottom containing copper coils. Different from traditionally passive tactile sensors, these tentacle sensors can actively stretch under the control of a syringe pump, yielding different electrical signals when in contact with the objects. Analyzing collected sensing signals of those tactile sensor arrays by the feature analysis model, complex morphological information of irregular objects in the smoke fog can be recognized. Our study reveals a fundamental connection between stretchable tactile sensors and feature analysis and demonstrates its practical potential for active perception in a non-visual recognition environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Tang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Sport and Health Initiative, Optical Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, P. R. China
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11
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Bereyhi MJ, Beccari A, Groth R, Fedorov SA, Arabmoheghi A, Kippenberg TJ, Engelsen NJ. Hierarchical tensile structures with ultralow mechanical dissipation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3097. [PMID: 35654776 PMCID: PMC9163184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural hierarchy is found in myriad biological systems and has improved man-made structures ranging from the Eiffel tower to optical cavities. In mechanical resonators whose rigidity is provided by static tension, structural hierarchy can reduce the dissipation of the fundamental mode to ultralow levels due to an unconventional form of soft clamping. Here, we apply hierarchical design to silicon nitride nanomechanical resonators and realize binary tree-shaped resonators with room temperature quality factors as high as 7.8 × 108 at 107 kHz frequency (1.1 × 109 at T = 6 K). The resonators’ thermal-noise-limited force sensitivities reach 740 zN/Hz1/2 at room temperature and 90 zN/Hz1/2 at 6 K, surpassing state-of-the-art cantilevers currently used for force microscopy. Moreover, we demonstrate hierarchically structured, ultralow dissipation membranes suitable for interferometric position measurements in Fabry-Pérot cavities. Hierarchical nanomechanical resonators open new avenues in force sensing, signal transduction and quantum optomechanics, where low dissipation is paramount and operation with the fundamental mode is often advantageous. Low dissipation of fundamental mode is a determinant factor in nanomechanical resonator design. Here the authors realize soft clamping for the fundamental mode in a nanomechanical tensile structure achieving low loss, low mass, and low resonance frequency that render it a perfect force sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bereyhi
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Beccari
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Groth
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S A Fedorov
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Arabmoheghi
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T J Kippenberg
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - N J Engelsen
- Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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12
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Cuairan MT, Gieseler J, Meyer N, Quidant R. Precision Calibration of the Duffing Oscillator with Phase Control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:213601. [PMID: 35687459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Duffing oscillator is a nonlinear extension of the ubiquitous harmonic oscillator and as such plays an outstanding role in science and technology. Experimentally, the system parameters are determined by a measurement of its response to an external excitation. When changing the amplitude or frequency of the external excitation, a sudden jump in the response function reveals the nonlinear dynamics prominently. However, this bistability leaves part of the full response function unobserved, which limits the precise measurement of the system parameters. Here, we exploit the often unknown fact that the response of a Duffing oscillator with nonlinear damping is a unique function of its phase. By actively stabilizing the oscillator's phase we map out the full response function. This phase control allows us to precisely determine the system parameters. Our results are particularly important for characterizing nanoscale resonators, where nonlinear effects are observed readily and which hold great promise for next generation of ultrasensitive force and mass measurements. We demonstrate our approach experimentally with an optically levitated particle in high vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T Cuairan
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8083 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gieseler
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nadine Meyer
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8083 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Quidant
- ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Nanophotonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8083 Zurich, Switzerland
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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