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Zhang P, Li Q, Li Z, Shi X, Wang H, Huo C, Zhou L, Kuang X, Lin K, Cao Y, Deng J, Yu C, Chen X, Miao J, Xing X. Intrinsic-strain-induced ferroelectric order and ultrafine nanodomains in SrTiO 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400568121. [PMID: 38857392 PMCID: PMC11194550 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400568121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano ferroelectrics holds the potential application promise in information storage, electro-mechanical transformation, and novel catalysts but encounters a huge challenge of size limitation and manufacture complexity on the creation of long-range ferroelectric ordering. Herein, as an incipient ferroelectric, nanosized SrTiO3 was indued with polarized ordering at room temperature from the nonpolar cubic structure, driven by the intrinsic three-dimensional (3D) tensile strain. The ferroelectric behavior can be confirmed by piezoelectric force microscopy and the ferroelectric TO1 soft mode was verified with the temperature stability to 500 K. Its structural origin comes from the off-center shift of Ti atom to oxygen octahedron and forms the ultrafine head-to-tail connected 90° nanodomains about 2 to 3 nm, resulting in an overall spontaneous polarization toward the short edges of nanoparticles. According to the density functional theory calculations and phase-field simulations, the 3D strain-related dipole displacement transformed from [001] to [111] and segmentation effect on the ferroelectric domain were further proved. The topological ferroelectric order induced by intrinsic 3D tensile strain shows a unique approach to get over the nanosized limitation in nanodevices and construct the strong strain-polarization coupling, paving the way for the design of high-performance and free-assembled ferroelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Chuanrui Huo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin541006, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Yili Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Jinxia Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Chengyi Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, China
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2
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Chaudron A, Li Z, Finco A, Marton P, Dufour P, Abdelsamie A, Fischer J, Collin S, Dkhil B, Hlinka J, Jacques V, Chauleau JY, Viret M, Bouzehouane K, Fusil S, Garcia V. Electric-field-induced multiferroic topological solitons. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01890-4. [PMID: 38710799 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Topologically protected spin whirls in ferromagnets are foreseen as the cart-horse of solitonic information technologies. Nevertheless, the future of skyrmionics may rely on antiferromagnets due to their immunity to dipolar fields, straight motion along the driving force and ultrafast dynamics. While complex topological objects were recently discovered in intrinsic antiferromagnets, mastering their nucleation, stabilization and manipulation with energy-efficient means remains an outstanding challenge. Designing topological polar states in magnetoelectric antiferromagnetic multiferroics would allow one to electrically write, detect and erase topological antiferromagnetic entities. Here we stabilize ferroelectric centre states using a radial electric field in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films. We show that such polar textures contain flux closures of antiferromagnetic spin cycloids, with distinct antiferromagnetic entities at their cores depending on the electric field polarity. By tuning the epitaxial strain, quadrants of canted antiferromagnetic domains can also be electrically designed. These results open the path to reconfigurable topological states in multiferroic antiferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Chaudron
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Zixin Li
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), French National Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurore Finco
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pavel Marton
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Mechatronics and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Pauline Dufour
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Amr Abdelsamie
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Johanna Fischer
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Collin
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Brahim Dkhil
- Laboratoire Structures, Propriétés et Modélisation des Solides (SPMS), Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jirka Hlinka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Jacques
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Chauleau
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), French National Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Viret
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), French National Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karim Bouzehouane
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
- Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
| | - Vincent Garcia
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
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3
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Kumar M, Park J, Kim J, Seo H. Room-Temperature Quantum Diodes with Dynamic Memory for Neural Logic Operations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56003-56013. [PMID: 37992323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of high-performance, next-generation nanoelectronics is fundamentally reliant on exploiting quantum phenomena such as tunneling at room temperature. However, quantum tunneling and memory dynamics are governed by two conflicting parameters: the presence or absence of defects. Therefore, the integration of both attributes within a single device presents substantial challenges. Nevertheless, successful integration has the potential to prompt crucial breakthroughs by emulating biobrain-like dynamics, in turn enabling sophisticated in-material neural logic operations. In this work, we demonstrate that a conformal nanolaminate HfO2/ZrO2 structure on silicon enables high-performing (>106 s) Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at room temperature. In addition, the device exhibits unipolar dynamic hysteresis loop opening (on/off ratio >102) with high endurance (>104 cycles) along with negative differential resistance, which is attributed to the collective ferroelectric and capacitive effects and is utilized to emulate synaptic functions. Further, proof-of-concept logic gates based on voltage-dependent plasticity and time-domain were developed using a single device, offering in-material neural-like data processing. These findings pave the way for the realization of high-performing and scalability tunneling devices in advanced nanoelectronics, which mark a promising route toward the development of next-generation, fundamental neural logic computing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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4
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Gong FH, Tang YL, Wang YJ, Chen YT, Wu B, Yang LX, Zhu YL, Ma XL. Absence of critical thickness for polar skyrmions with breaking the Kittel's law. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3376. [PMID: 37291226 PMCID: PMC10250330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The period of polar domain (d) in ferroics was commonly believed to scale with corresponding film thicknesses (h), following the classical Kittel's law of d ∝ [Formula: see text]. Here, we have not only observed that this relationship fails in the case of polar skyrmions, where the period shrinks nearly to a constant value, or even experiences a slight increase, but also discovered that skyrmions have further persisted in [(PbTiO3)2/(SrTiO3)2]10 ultrathin superlattices. Both experimental and theoretical results indicate that the skyrmion periods (d) and PbTiO3 layer thicknesses in superlattice (h) obey the hyperbolic function of d = Ah + [Formula: see text] other than previous believed, simple square root law. Phase-field analysis indicates that the relationship originates from the different energy competitions of the superlattices with PbTiO3 layer thicknesses. This work exemplified the critical size problems faced by nanoscale ferroelectric device designing in the post-Moore era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hui Gong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yun-Long Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Xin Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yin-Lian Zhu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiu-Liang Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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5
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Chen D, Tan X, Shen B, Jiang J. Erasable Domain Wall Current-Dominated Resistive Switching in BiFeO 3 Devices with an Oxide-Metal Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25041-25048. [PMID: 37184983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electric transport in the charged domain wall (CDW) region has emerged as a promising phenomenon for the development of next-generation ferro-resistive memory with ultrahigh data storage density. However, accurately measuring the conductivity of CDWs induced by polarization reversal remains challenging due to the polarization modulation of the Schottky barrier at the thin film-electrode interface, which could partially contribute to the collected "on" current of the device. Here, we propose carefully selecting an electrode that can suppress the effect of interfacial barrier modulation induced by polarization reversal, allowing the collected current mainly from the conductive CDWs. The experiment was conducted on epitaxial BiFeO3(001) thin-film devices with vertical and horizontal geometries. Piezo-response force microscopy scanning showed the local polarization experienced 180° rotation to form CDWs under the vertical electric field. However, devices with SrRuO3 epitaxial top electrodes still exhibit an interfacial barrier-dominated diode behavior, with the "on" current proportional to the electrode area. To identify the CDW current, more interfacial defects were introduced by the deposition of Pt top electrodes, which significantly enhanced charge injection for the compensation of the reversed polarization driven by the electric field, leading to the suppressed polarization modulation of the Schottky barrier height. It was observed that the current flow through Pt electrodes is significantly lower compared to that of SRO electrodes and appears to be primarily influenced by the electrode perimeter instead of the electrode area, indicating CDW-dominated conduction behavior in these devices. Planar nanodevices were further fabricated to support the quantitative investigation of the Pt electrode size-dependent "on" current with a linear fit of the current magnitude versus the CDW cross-sectional area. This work constitutes an essential part of understanding the role of the CDW current in ferro-resistive memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2875, United States
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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6
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Kumar M, Han SI, Ahn Y, Jeon Y, Park J, Seo H. Switchable Polar Nanotexture in Nanolaminates HfO 2 -ZrO 2 for Ultrafast Logic-in-Memory Operations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206736. [PMID: 36929621 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nontrivial topological polar textures in ferroelectric materials, including vortices, skyrmions, and others, have the potential to develop ultrafast, high-density, reliable multilevel memory storage and conceptually innovative processing units, even beyond the limit of binary storage of 180° aligned polar materials. However, the realization of switchable polar textures at room temperature in ferroelectric materials integrated directly into silicon using a straightforward large area fabrication technique and effectively utilizing it to design multilevel programable memory and processing units has not yet been demonstrated. Here, utilizing vector piezoresponse force and conductive atomic force microscopy, microscopic evidence of the electric field switchable polar nanotexture is provided at room temperature in HfO2 -ZrO2 nanolaminates grown directly onto silicon using an atomic layer deposition technique. Additionally, a two-terminal Au/nanolaminates/Si ferroelectric tunnel junction is designed, which shows ultrafast (≈83 ns) nonvolatile multilevel current switching with high on/off ratio (>106 ), long-term durability (>4000 s), and giant tunnel electroresistance (108 %). Furthermore, 14 Boolean logic operations are tested utilizing a single device as a proof-of-concept for reconfigurable logic-in-memory processing. The results offer a potential approach to "processing with polar textures" and addressing the challenges of developing high-performance multilevel in-memory processing technology by virtue of its fundamentally distinct mechanism of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ik Han
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Ahn
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Jeon
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
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7
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Sun J, Li Y, Zhang B, Jiang A. High-Power LiNbO 3 Domain-Wall Nanodevices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8691-8698. [PMID: 36724474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wide band gap semiconductors keep on pushing the limits of power electronic devices to higher switching speeds and higher operating temperatures, including diodes and transistors on low-cost Si substrates. Alternatively, erasable conducting walls created within ferroelectric single-crystal films integrated on the Si platform have emerged as a promising gateway to adaptive nanoelectronics in sufficient output power, where the repetitive creation of highly charged domain walls (DWs) is particularly important to increase the wall current density. Here, we observe large conduction of the head-to-head DW at an optimized inclination angle of 15° within a LiNbO3 single crystal that is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than that of the tail-to-tail DW. The wall conduction is diode-like with a linear current density of higher than 1 mA/μm and an on/off ratio of larger than 106 under the application of a repetitive switching voltage pulse in time less than 10 ns and an endurance number of higher than 105. The high-power diodes can not only perform direct data processing in high-density nonvolatile DW memories in fast operation speeds and low-energy consumption but also function as sensors in compact electromechanical systems, selectors in phase-change memory and resistive random-access memory, and half-wave/full-wave rectifiers in modern nanocircuits in dimensions approaching the thickness of the depletion layer below which the tradition p-n junction malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Anquan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
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8
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Giant switchable non thermally-activated conduction in 180° domain walls in tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7239. [PMID: 36433950 PMCID: PMC9700693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive domain walls in ferroelectrics offer a promising concept of nanoelectronic circuits with 2D domain-wall channels playing roles of memristors or synoptic interconnections. However, domain wall conduction remains challenging to control and pA-range currents typically measured on individual walls are too low for single-channel devices. Charged domain walls show higher conductivity, but are generally unstable and difficult to create. Here, we show highly conductive and stable channels on ubiquitous 180° domain walls in the archetypical ferroelectric, tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O3. These electrically erasable/rewritable channels show currents of tens of nanoamperes (200 to 400 nA/μm) at voltages ≤2 V and metallic-like non thermally-activated transport properties down to 4 K, as confirmed by nanoscopic mapping. The domain structure analysis and phase-field simulations reveal complex switching dynamics, in which the extraordinary conductivity in strained Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films is explained by an interplay between ferroelastic a- and c-domains. This work demonstrates the potential of accessible and stable arrangements of nominally uncharged and electrically switchable domain walls for nanoelectronics.
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Wang Y, Chen M, Ma J, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Liang Y, Hou L, Lin Y, Nan C, Ma J. A self-assembly growth strategy for a highly ordered ferroelectric nanoisland array. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14046-14051. [PMID: 36124916 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric nanoislands have attracted intensive research interest due to their size effect induced exotic physical properties and potential applications in non-volatile ferroelectric memories. However, the self-assembly growth of highly ordered ferroelectric nanoisland arrays is still a challenge. Here, by patterning a LaAlO3 substrate with etched nanocavities to provide preferential nucleation sites, highly ordered self-assembled BiFeO3 nanoisland arrays with robust ferroelectric topological quad-domain configurations were achieved. From the thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, three factors are critical for achieving highly ordered self-assembled nanoisland arrays, that is, preferential nucleation sites, an appropriate relationship between the surface energy and the interface energy, and the growth rate difference of films. This approach can also be employed for the self-assembly growth of nanoisland arrays in other ferroelectric materials, which facilitates the design of ferroelectric nanostructure-based nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Mingfeng Chen
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Ji Ma
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yiqun Liu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuhan Liang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lingxuan Hou
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuanhua Lin
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Cewen Nan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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Nonvolatile ferroelectric domain wall memory integrated on silicon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4332. [PMID: 35882838 PMCID: PMC9325887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric domain wall memories have been proposed as a promising candidate for nonvolatile memories, given their intriguing advantages including low energy consumption and high-density integration. Perovskite oxides possess superior ferroelectric prosperities but perovskite-based domain wall memory integrated on silicon has rarely been reported due to the technical challenges in the sample preparation. Here, we demonstrate a domain wall memory prototype utilizing freestanding BaTiO3 membranes transferred onto silicon. While as-grown BaTiO3 films on (001) SrTiO3 substrate are purely c-axis polarized, we find they exhibit distinct in-plane multidomain structures after released from the substrate and integrated onto silicon due to the collective effects from depolarizing field and strain relaxation. Based on the strong in-plane ferroelectricity, conductive domain walls with reading currents up to nanoampere are observed and can be both created and erased artificially, highlighting the great potential of the integration of perovskite oxides with silicon for ferroelectric domain wall memories. Integrating ferroelectric perovskite oxides on Si is highly desired for electronic applications but challenging. Here, the authors show emergent in-plane ferroelectricity and promising nonvolatile memories based on resistive domain wall in BaTiO3/Si.
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11
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Wang Z, Guan Z, Sun H, Luo Z, Zhao H, Wang H, Yin Y, Li X. High-Speed Nanoscale Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction for Multilevel Memory and Neural Network Computing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24602-24609. [PMID: 35604049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) is one promising candidate for next-generation nonvolatile data storage and neural network computing systems. In this work, the high-performance 50 nm-diameter Au/Ti/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (∼3 nm, (111)-oriented)/Nb:SrTiO3 (Nb: 0.7 wt %) FTJs are achieved to demonstrate the scaling down capability of FTJ. As a nonvolatile memory, the FTJ shows eight distinct resistance states (3 bits) with a large ON/OFF ratio (>103), and these states can be switched at a fast speed of 10 ns. Intriguingly, the long-term potentiation/depression and spike timing-dependent plasticity, that is, fundamental functions of biological synapses, can be emulated in the nanoscale FTJ-based artificial synapse. A convolutional neural network (CNN) simulation is then carried out based on the experimental results, and a high recognition accuracy of ∼93.8% on fashion product images is obtained, which is very close to the result of ∼94.4% by a floating-point-based CNN software. In particular, the FTJ-based CNN simulation also exhibits robustness to input image noises. These results indicate the great potential of FTJ for high-density information storage and neural network computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zeyu Guan
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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