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Enayati M, Liu W, Madry H, Neisiany RE, Cucchiarini M. Functionalized hydrogels as smart gene delivery systems to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103232. [PMID: 38889626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite critical advances in regenerative medicine, the generation of definitive, reliable treatments for musculoskeletal diseases remains challenging. Gene therapy based on the delivery of therapeutic genetic sequences has strong value to offer effective, durable options to decisively manage such disorders. Furthermore, scaffold-mediated gene therapy provides powerful alternatives to overcome hurdles associated with classical gene therapy, allowing for the spatiotemporal delivery of candidate genes to sites of injury. Among the many scaffolds for musculoskeletal research, hydrogels raised increasing attention in addition to other potent systems (solid, hybrid scaffolds) due to their versatility and competence as drug and cell carriers in tissue engineering and wound dressing. Attractive functionalities of hydrogels for musculoskeletal therapy include their injectability, stimuli-responsiveness, self-healing, and nanocomposition that may further allow to upgrade of them as "intelligently" efficient and mechanically strong platforms, rather than as just inert vehicles. Such functionalized hydrogels may also be tuned to successfully transfer therapeutic genes in a minimally invasive manner in order to protect their cargos and allow for their long-term effects. In light of such features, this review focuses on functionalized hydrogels and demonstrates their competence for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders using gene therapy procedures, from gene therapy principles to hydrogel functionalization methods and applications of hydrogel-mediated gene therapy for musculoskeletal disorders, while remaining challenges are being discussed in the perspective of translation in patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite advances in regenerative medicine, the generation of definitive, reliable treatments for musculoskeletal diseases remains challenging. Gene therapy has strong value in offering effective, durable options to decisively manage such disorders. Scaffold-mediated gene therapy provides powerful alternatives to overcome hurdles associated with classical gene therapy. Among many scaffolds for musculoskeletal research, hydrogels raised increasing attention. Functionalities including injectability, stimuli-responsiveness, and self-healing, tune them as "intelligently" efficient and mechanically strong platforms, rather than as just inert vehicles. This review introduces functionalized hydrogels for musculoskeletal disorder treatment using gene therapy procedures, from gene therapy principles to functionalized hydrogels and applications of hydrogel-mediated gene therapy for musculoskeletal disorders, while remaining challenges are discussed from the perspective of translation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsaeid Enayati
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Wei Liu
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr. Bldg 37, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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2
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Cui S, Li P, Ji L, Wang T, Liu Y, Lan Y, Jiang J. Superabsorbent quaternary ammonium guar gum hydrogel with controlled release of humic acid for soil improvement and plant growth. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122188. [PMID: 38710565 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Growing plants in karst areas tends to be difficult due to the easy loss of water and soil. To enhance soil agglomeration, water retention, and soil fertility, this study developed a physically and chemically crosslinked hydrogel prepared from quaternary ammonium guar gum and humic acid. The results showed that non-covalent dynamic bonds between the two components delayed humic acid release into the soil, with a release rate of only 35 % after 240 h. The presence of four hydrophilic groups (quaternary ammonium, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl) in the hydrogel more than doubled the soil's water retention capacity. The interaction between hydrogel and soil minerals (especially carbonate and silica) promoted hydrogel-soil and soil‑carbonate adhesion, and the adhesion strength between soil particles was enhanced by 650 %. Moreover, compared with direct fertilization, this degradable hydrogel not only increased the germination rate (100 %) and growth status of mung beans but also reduced the negative effects of excessive fertilization on plant roots. The study provides an eco-friendly, low-cost, and intelligent system for soil improvement in karst areas. It further proves the considerable application potential of hydrogels in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songdanyang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Yantao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yanjiao Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Kim J, Fan J, Petrossian G, Zhou X, Kateb P, Gagnon-Lafrenais N, Cicoira F. Self-healing, stretchable and recyclable polyurethane-PEDOT:PSS conductive blends. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3548-3560. [PMID: 38869226 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Future electronics call for materials with mechanical toughness, flexibility, and stretchability. Moreover, self-healing and recyclability are highly desirable to mitigate the escalating environmental threat of electronic waste (e-waste). Herein, we report a stretchable, self-healing, and recyclable material based on a mixture of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with a custom-designed polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). This material showed excellent elongation at brake (∼350%), high toughness (∼24.6 MJ m-3), moderate electrical conductivity (∼10 S cm-1), and outstanding mechanical and electrical healing efficiencies. In addition, it demonstrated exceptional recyclability with no significant loss in the mechanical and electrical properties after being recycled 20 times. Based on these properties, as a proof of principle for sustainable electronic devices, we demonstrated that electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes and pressure sensors based on this material could be recycled without significant performance loss. The development of multifunctional electronic materials that are self-healing and fully recyclable is a promising step toward sustainable electronics, offering a potential solution to the e-waste challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsil Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Gayaneh Petrossian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Pierre Kateb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Noemy Gagnon-Lafrenais
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Zhou S, Zhang Z, Zhong W, Meng A, Su Y. Polyvinyl alcohol/PEDOT:PSS with Fe 3+/amylopectin enabled highly tough, anti-freezing and healable hydrogels for multifunctional wearable sensors. Talanta 2024; 279:126592. [PMID: 39053360 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogel-based flexible sensors have garnered increasing attention in research. Ionic hydrogels, enriched with large amounts of ionic liquids, exhibit electrical conductivity, excellent electrochemical stability, anti-freezing, and antimicrobial properties. However, most ionic hydrogels suffer from poor mechanical properties, limiting their adaptability to more complex application scenarios. Integrating conductive polymers into hydrogels leads to desirable features such as increased specific surface area, soft and biocompatible interfaces, and high electrolyte permeability. In this study, we successfully prepared Fe3+/Ap@PVA/PEDOT double-network hydrogel. Utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the primary matrix, we introduced PEDOT:PSS and FeCl3 to confer conductivity to the hydrogel. The incorporation of amylopectin (Ap) further enhanced mechanical performance. The resulted hydrogel sensor exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, allowing for stretching up to 347 % and withstanding a tensile force of 505 kPa. In addition, it exhibits excellent antifreeze properties (can work at -30 °C), healability, water retention, and high sensitivity to stretching (GF = 4.72 at a 200 % strain ratio), compression (GF = 2.97 at a 12 % compressive ratio), and temperature (TCR = 2.46). These remarkable properties of the hydrogel make it possible in applications such as human motion monitoring, handwriting recognition, and temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, PR China
| | - Wei Zhong
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, PR China
| | - Aiyun Meng
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, PR China.
| | - Yaorong Su
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, PR China.
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5
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Zubair M, Hussain A, Shahzad S, Arshad M, Ullah A. Emerging trends and challenges in polysaccharide derived materials for wound care applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132048. [PMID: 38704062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are favourable and promising biopolymers for wound care applications due to their abundant natural availability, low cost and excellent biocompatibility. They possess different functional groups, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and amino, and can easily be modified to obtain the desirable properties and various forms. This review systematically analyses the recent progress in polysaccharides derived materials for wound care applications, emphasizing the most commonly used cellulose, chitosan, alginate, starch, dextran and hyaluronic acid derived materials. The distinctive attributes of each polysaccharide derived wound care material are discussed in detail, along with their different forms, i.e., films, membranes, sponges, nanoemulsions, nanofibers, scaffolds, nanocomposites and hydrogels. The processing methods to develop polysaccharides derived wound care materials are also summarized. In the end, challenges related to polysaccharides derived materials in wound care management are listed, and suggestions are given to expand their utilization in the future to compete with conventional wound healing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Lab# 540, South Academic Building University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Clean Technologies and Applied Research, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Edmonton, Alberta T5G 2R1, Canada
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Lab# 540, South Academic Building University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Liu Q, Yu Z, Zhang B. Tackling the Challenges of Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries via Polymer-Derived Strategies. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300255. [PMID: 37417207 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gathered unprecedented interest recently benefiting from their intrinsic safety, affordability, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, their practical implementation is hampered by low rate performance, inferior Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, and undesired parasitic reactions. Innovative solutions are put forth to address these issues by optimizing the electrodes, separators, electrolytes, and interfaces. Remarkably, polymers with inherent properties of low-density, high processability, structural flexibility, and superior stability show great promising in tackling the challenges. Herein, the recent progress in the synthesis and customization of functional polymers in aqueous ZIBs is outlined. The recent implementations of polymers into each component are summarized, with a focus on the inherent mechanisms underlying their unique functions. The challenges of incorporating polymers into practical ZIBs are also discussed and possible solutions to circumvent them are proposed. It is hoped that such a deep analysis could accelerate the design of polymer-derived approaches to boost the performance of ZIBs and other aqueous battery systems as they share similarities in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhenlu Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Fan W, Yang X, Hu X, Huang R, Shi H, Liu G. A novel conductive microtubule hydrogel for electrical stimulation of chronic wounds based on biological electrical wires. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:258. [PMID: 38755644 PMCID: PMC11097419 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is considered a promising therapy for chronic wounds via conductive dressing. However, the lack of a clinically suitable conductive dressing is a serious challenge. In this study, a suitable conductive biomaterial with favorable biocompatibility and conductivity was screened by means of an inherent structure derived from the body based on electrical conduction in vivo. Ions condensed around the surface of the microtubules (MTs) derived from the cell's cytoskeleton are allowed to flow in the presence of potential differences, effectively forming a network of biological electrical wires, which is essential to the bioelectrical communication of cells. We hypothesized that MT dressing could improve chronic wound healing via the conductivity of MTs applied by ES. We first developed an MT-MAA hydrogel by a double cross-linking method using UV and calcium chloride to improve chronic wound healing by ES. In vitro studies showed good conductivity, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the MT-MAA hydrogel, as well as an elevated secretion of growth factors with enhanced cell proliferation and migration ability in response to ES. The in vivo experimental results from a full-thickness diabetic wound model revealed rapid wound closure within 7d in C57BL/6J mice, and the wound bed dressed by the MT-MAA hydrogel was shown to have promoted re-epithelization, enhanced angiogenesis, accelerated nerve growth, limited inflammation phases, and improved antibacterial effect under the ES treatment. These preclinical findings suggest that the MT-MAA hydrogel may be an ideal conductive dressing for chronic wound healing. Furthermore, biomaterials based on MTs may be also promising for treating other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Renyan Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongshuo Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guobin Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangheng Street, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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8
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Zhu J, Xu Y, Luo Y, Luo J, He R, Wang C, Wang Y, Wei K, Yi Z, Gao Z, Wang J, You J, Zhang Z, Lai H, Ren S, Liu X, Xiao C, Chen C, Zhang J, Fu F, Zhao D. Custom-tailored hole transport layer using oxalic acid for high-quality tin-lead perovskites and efficient all-perovskite tandems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2063. [PMID: 38640232 PMCID: PMC11029806 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs) have exhibited higher efficiencies than single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but still suffer from the unsatisfactory performance of low-bandgap (LBG) tin-lead (Sn-Pb) subcells. The inherent properties of PEDOT:PSS are crucial to high-performance Sn-Pb perovskite films and devices; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully explored and revealed. Here, we report a facile oxalic acid treatment of PEDOT:PSS (OA-PEDOT:PSS) to precisely regulate its work function and surface morphology. OA-PEDOT:PSS shows a larger work function and an ordered reorientation and fiber-shaped film morphology with efficient hole transport pathways, leading to the formation of more ideal hole-selective contact with Sn-Pb perovskite for suppressing interfacial nonradiative recombination losses. Moreover, OA-PEDOT:PSS induces (100) preferred orientation growth of perovskite for higher-quality Sn-Pb films. Last, the OA-PEDOT:PSS-tailored LBG PSC yields an impressive efficiency of up to 22.56% (certified 21.88%), enabling 27.81% efficient all-perovskite TSC with enhanced operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuliang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jincheng Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Changlei Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province and Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Kun Wei
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zongjin Yi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiyu Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiayu You
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huagui Lai
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shengqiang Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xirui Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Chuanxiao Xiao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Ningbo New Materials Testing and Evaluation Center Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- College of Materials, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fan Fu
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dewei Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Lei T, Pan J, Wang N, Xia Z, Zhang Q, Fan J, Tao L, Shou W, Gao Y. Cold-resistant, highly stretchable ionic conductive hydrogels for intelligent motion recognition in winter sports. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1234-1250. [PMID: 38131412 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh02013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have attracted much attention for their wide application in the field of flexible wearable sensors due to their outstanding flexibility, conductivity and sensing properties. However, the weak mechanical properties, lack of frost resistance and susceptibility to microbial contamination of traditional conductive hydrogels greatly limit their practical application. In this work, multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly(acrylamide-co-1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide) (P(AAm-co-VBIMBr)) (PCPAV) ionic conductive hydrogels with high strength and good conductive, transparent, anti-freezing and antibacterial properties were constructed by introducing a network of chemically crosslinked AAm and VBIMBr copolymers into the base material of PVA and CMC by in situ free radical polymerization. Owing to the multiple interactions between the polymers, including covalent crosslinking, multiple hydrogen bonding interactions, and electrostatic interactions, the obtained ionic conductive hydrogels exhibit a high tensile strength (360.6 kPa), a large elongation at break (810.6%), good toughness, and fatigue resistance properties. The introduction of VBIMBr endows the PCPAV hydrogels with excellent transparency (∼92%), a high ionic conductivity (15.2 mS cm-1), antimicrobial activity and good flexibility and conductivity at sub-zero temperatures. Notably, the PCPAV hydrogels exhibit a wide strain range (0-800%), high strain sensitivity (GF = 3.75), fast response, long-term stability, and fantastic durability, which enable them to detect both large joint movements and minute muscle movements. Based on these advantages, it is believed that the PCPAV-based hydrogel sensors would have potential applications in health monitoring, human motion detection, soft robotics, ionic skins, human-machine interfaces, and other flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongda Lei
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jiajun Pan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Zhaopeng Xia
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jie Fan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wan Shou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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10
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Zhang H, Pan Y, Hou Y, Li M, Deng J, Wang B, Hao S. Smart Physical-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System:Towards Intelligence and Controlled Release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306944. [PMID: 37852939 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems based on physical principles have provided a stable, efficient, and safe strategy for disease therapy. However, the intelligent device with real-time control and precise drug release is required to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient compliance. This review summarizes the recent developments, application scenarios, and drug release characteristics of smart transdermal drug delivery systems fabricated with physical principle. Special attention is paid to the progress of intelligent design and concepts in of physical-based transdermal drug delivery technologies for real-time monitoring and precise drug release. In addition, facing with the needs of clinical treatment and personalized medicine, the recent progress and trend of physical enhancement are further highlighted for transdermal drug delivery systems in combination with pharmaceutical dosage forms to achieve better transdermal effects and facilitate the development of smart medical devices. Finally, the next generation and future application scenarios of smart physical-based transdermal drug delivery systems are discussed, a particular focus in vaccine delivery and tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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11
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Li P, Wang H, Ju Z, Jin Z, Ma J, Yang L, Zhao X, Xu H, Liu Y. Ti 3C 2T x MXene- and Sulfuric Acid-Treated Double-Network Hydrogel with Ultralow Conductive Filler Content for Stretchable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2906-2916. [PMID: 38252027 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are emerging as stretchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials because of their tissue-like mechanical properties and water-rich porous cellular structures. However, achieving high-performance hydrogel shields remains a challenge because enhancing conductivity often results in a compromise in deformation adoptability. This work proposes a treatment strategy involving sulfuric acid/titanium carbide MXene, which can simultaneously enhance the conductivity and stretchability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) double-network hydrogels. Multiple spectroscopic characterizations reveal that sulfuric acid promotes the linear conformation transition of the PEDOT molecular chain, while MXene increases charge delocalization and hydrogen bond cross-linking sites. The hydrogels, synthesized with a combined content of 0.6 wt % of MXene and PEDOT:PSS, exhibit an average X-band EMI SE of 41 dB. This performance is sustained at 94.5%, even following stretching and release at a strain of 200%. Interestingly, the EMI SE is found to linearly increase, reaching a value of 99 dB as the frequency is increased to 26.5 GHz. This increase is attributed to the enhanced water molecular polarization process, as supported by theoretical calculations of the impedance and attenuation constant. This work introduces a post-treatment technique that optimizes double-network hydrogels, providing deep insights into their EMI shielding mechanism and enabling high-performance EMI shielding with an ultralow conductive filler content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Henan Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongshi Ju
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongzheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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12
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Yu C, Shi M, He S, Yao M, Sun H, Yue Z, Qiu Y, Liu B, Liang L, Zhao Z, Yao F, Zhang H, Li J. Chronological adhesive cardiac patch for synchronous mechanophysiological monitoring and electrocoupling therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6226. [PMID: 37803005 PMCID: PMC10558550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in tissue engineering and bioelectronics, flexible electronic hydrogels that allow conformal tissue integration, online precision diagnosis, and simultaneous tissue regeneration are expected to be the next-generation platform for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Here, we report a functionalized polyaniline-based chronological adhesive hydrogel patch (CAHP) that achieves spatiotemporally selective and conformal embedded integration with a moist and dynamic epicardium surface. Significantly, CAHP has high adhesion toughness, rapid self-healing ability, and enhanced electrochemical performance, facilitating sensitive sensing of cardiac mechanophysiology-mediated microdeformations and simultaneous improvement of myocardial fibrosis-induced electrophysiology. As a result, the flexible CAHP platform monitors diastolic-systolic amplitude and rhythm in the infarcted myocardium online while effectively inhibiting ventricular remodeling, promoting vascular regeneration, and improving electrophysiological function through electrocoupling therapy. Therefore, this diagnostic and therapeutic integration provides a promising monitorable treatment protocol for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyue Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoshuai He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), 511400, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China.
| | - Zhiwei Yue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuwei Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Baijun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanglian Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Li H, Zhou S, Han S, Luo R, Hu J, Du B, Yang K, Bao Y, Jia J, Zhang X. Thermoelectric Properties of One-Pot Hydrothermally Synthesized Solution-Processable PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3781. [PMID: 37765635 PMCID: PMC10534393 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of organic and inorganic materials has been considered an effective solution for achieving ambient thermoelectric energy harvesting and has been developing rapidly. Here, PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT (PPM) composite hydrogels were synthesized using the self-assembled gelation process of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and the interaction between PEDOT:PSS and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) without the addition of any surfactant. After immersion in dimethyl sulfoxide and freeze-drying, the hydrogel is easily dispersed in water and used as a direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing ink. At room temperature, the PPM-20 printed film with 20 wt% MWCNT solids achieved a maximum power factor of 7.37 μW m-1 K-2 and maintained stable thermoelectric properties during repeated bending cycles. On this basis, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) consisting of five legs was printed, which could be produced to generate an open circuit voltage of 6.4 mV and a maximum output power of 40.48 nW at a temperature gradient of 50 K, confirming its great potential for application in high-performance flexible organic/inorganic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Li
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Shisheng Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Shanxiang Han
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Rubai Luo
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 038507, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 038507, China
| | - Bin Du
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Kenan Yang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yizhi Bao
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Junjie Jia
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
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14
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Wang H, Zhuang T, Wang J, Sun X, Wang Y, Li K, Dai X, Guo Q, Li X, Chong D, Chen B, Yan J. Multifunctional Filler-Free PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity Induced by Lewis-Acid-Promoted Ion Exchange. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302919. [PMID: 37352335 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive hydrogels with biotissue-like mechanical properties are of great interest in the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics due to their good biocompatibility, deformability, and stability. Fully polymeric hydrogels may exhibit comparable Young's modulus to biotissues. However, most of these filler-free hydrogels have a low electrical conductivity of <10 S cm-1 , which limits their wide applications of them in digital circuits or bioelectronic devices. In this work, a series of metal-halides-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels with an ultrahigh electrical conductivity up to 547 S cm-1 is reported, which is 1.5 times to 104 times higher than previously reported filler-free polymeric hydrogels. Theoretical calculation demonstrated that the ion exchange between PEDOT:PSS and the metal halides played an important role to promote phase separation in the hydrogels, which thus leads to ultrahigh electrical conductivity. The high electrical conductivity resulted in multifunctional hydrogels with high performance in thermoelectrics, electromagnetic shielding, Joule heating, and sensing. Such flexible and stretchable hydrogels with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and stability upon various deformations are promising for soft bioelectronics devices and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shaanxi Jianeng Flexible Thermoelectric Technology, Inc.|Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, Fengxi New City, Xixian New District, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Tiantian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kuncai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qinyue Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Daotong Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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15
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Kim DH, Akbar ZA, Malik YT, Jeon JW, Jang SY. Self-healable polymer complex with a giant ionic thermoelectric effect. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3246. [PMID: 37277360 PMCID: PMC10241813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we develop a stretchable/self-healable polymer, PEDOT:PAAMPSA:PA, with remarkably high ionic thermoelectric (iTE) properties: an ionic figure-of-merit of 12.3 at 70% relative humidity (RH). The iTE properties of PEDOT:PAAMPSA:PA are optimized by controlling the ion carrier concentration, ion diffusion coefficient, and Eastman entropy, and high stretchability and self-healing ability are achieved based on the dynamic interactions between the components. Moreover, the iTE properties are retained under repeated mechanical stress (30 cycles of self-healing and 50 cycles of stretching). An ionic thermoelectric capacitor (ITEC) device using PEDOT:PAAMPSA:PA achieves a maximum power output and energy density of 4.59 μW‧m-2 and 1.95 mJ‧m-2, respectively, at a load resistance of 10 KΩ, and a 9-pair ITEC module produces a voltage output of 0.37 V‧K-1 with a maximum power output of 0.21 μW‧m-2 and energy density of 0.35 mJ‧m-2 at 80% RH, demonstrating the potential for a self-powering source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hu Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Zico Alaia Akbar
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoga Trianzar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Yeon Jang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Rybak D, Su YC, Li Y, Ding B, Lv X, Li Z, Yeh YC, Nakielski P, Rinoldi C, Pierini F, Dodda JM. Evolution of nanostructured skin patches towards multifunctional wearable platforms for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8044-8083. [PMID: 37070933 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of skin patches have promoted the development of wearable and implantable bioelectronics for long-term, continuous healthcare management and targeted therapy. However, the design of electronic skin (e-skin) patches with stretchable components is still challenging and requires an in-depth understanding of the skin-attachable substrate layer, functional biomaterials and advanced self-powered electronics. In this comprehensive review, we present the evolution of skin patches from functional nanostructured materials to multi-functional and stimuli-responsive patches towards flexible substrates and emerging biomaterials for e-skin patches, including the material selection, structure design and promising applications. Stretchable sensors and self-powered e-skin patches are also discussed, ranging from electrical stimulation for clinical procedures to continuous health monitoring and integrated systems for comprehensive healthcare management. Moreover, an integrated energy harvester with bioelectronics enables the fabrication of self-powered electronic skin patches, which can effectively solve the energy supply and overcome the drawbacks induced by bulky battery-driven devices. However, to realize the full potential offered by these advancements, several challenges must be addressed for next-generation e-skin patches. Finally, future opportunities and positive outlooks are presented on the future directions of bioelectronics. It is believed that innovative material design, structure engineering, and in-depth study of fundamental principles can foster the rapid evolution of electronic skin patches, and eventually enable self-powered close-looped bioelectronic systems to benefit mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rybak
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Yu-Chia Su
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang Li
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Lv
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhaoling Li
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pawel Nakielski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jagan Mohan Dodda
- New Technologies - Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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17
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Shi J, Dong F, Zhao Z, Wang J. Construction of polyacrylamide/chitosan quaternary ammonium salt/ferric oxide-tannic acid-polyaniline hydrogels with high detection sensitivity and electromagnetic dual function. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2023.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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18
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Paramshetti S, Angolkar M, Al Fatease A, Alshahrani SM, Hani U, Garg A, Ravi G, Osmani RAM. Revolutionizing Drug Delivery and Therapeutics: The Biomedical Applications of Conductive Polymers and Composites-Based Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041204. [PMID: 37111689 PMCID: PMC10145001 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The first conductive polymers (CPs) were developed during the 1970s as a unique class of organic substances with properties that are electrically and optically comparable to those of inorganic semiconductors and metals while also exhibiting the desirable traits of conventional polymers. CPs have become a subject of intensive research due to their exceptional qualities, such as high mechanical and optical properties, tunable electrical characteristics, ease of synthesis and fabrication, and higher environmental stability than traditional inorganic materials. Although conducting polymers have several limitations in their pure state, coupling with other materials helps overcome these drawbacks. Owing to the fact that various types of tissues are responsive to stimuli and electrical fields has made these smart biomaterials attractive for a range of medical and biological applications. For various applications, including the delivery of drugs, biosensors, biomedical implants, and tissue engineering, electrical CPs and composites have attracted significant interest in both research and industry. These bimodalities can be programmed to respond to both internal and external stimuli. Additionally, these smart biomaterials have the ability to deliver drugs in various concentrations and at an extensive range. This review briefly discusses the commonly used CPs, composites, and their synthesis processes. Further highlights the importance of these materials in drug delivery along with their applicability in various delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Bisha University, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankitha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gundawar Ravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, India
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19
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Zheng K, Gu F, Wei H, Zhang L, Chen X, Jin H, Pan S, Chen Y, Wang S. Flexible, Permeable, and Recyclable Liquid-Metal-Based Transient Circuit Enables Contact/Noncontact Sensing for Wearable Human-Machine Interaction. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201534. [PMID: 36813751 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed a rapid development of intelligent wearable devices. However, despite the splendid advances, the creation of flexible human-machine interfaces that synchronously possess multiple sensing capabilities, wearability, accurate responsivity, sensitive detectivity, and fast recyclability remains a substantial challenge. Herein, a convenient yet robust strategy is reported to craft flexible transient circuits via stencil printing liquid metal conductor on the water-soluble electrospun film for human-machine interaction. Due to the inherent liquid conductor within porous substrate, the circuits feature high-resolution, customized patterning viability, attractive permeability, excellent electroconductivity, and superior mechanical stability. More importantly, such circuits display appealing noncontact proximity capabilities while maintaining compelling tactile sensing performance, which is unattainable by traditional systems with compromised contact sensing. As such, the flexible circuit is utilized as wearable sensors with practical multifunctionality, including information transfer, smart identification, and trajectory monitoring. Furthermore, an intelligent human-machine interface composed of the flexible sensors is fabricated to realize specific goals such as wireless object control and overload alarm. The transient circuits are quickly and efficiently recycled toward high economic and environmental values. This work opens vast possibilities of generating high-quality flexible and transient electronics for advanced applications in soft and intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Fan Gu
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hongjin Wei
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xi'an Chen
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Huile Jin
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yihuang Chen
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Electrochemical Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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20
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Pan J, Zhang W, Zhu J, Tan J, Huang Y, Mo K, Tong Y, Xie Z, Ke Y, Zheng H, Ouyang H, Shi X, Gao L. Arrested Phase Separation Enables High-Performance Keratoprostheses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207750. [PMID: 36680510 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is impeded by donor shortages, immune rejection, and ethical reservations. Pre-made cornea prostheses (keratoprostheses) offer a proven option to alleviate these issues. Ideal keratoprostheses must possess optical clarity and mechanical robustness, but also high permeability, processability, and recyclability. Here, it is shown that rationally controlling the extent of arrested phase separation can lead to optimized multiscale structure that reconciles permeability and transparency, a previously conflicting goal by common pore-forming strategies. The process is simply accomplished by hydrothermally treating a dense and transparent hydrophobic association hydrogel. The examination of multiscale structure evolution during hydrothermal treatment reveals that the phase separation with upper miscibility gap evolves to confer time-dependent pore growth due to slow dynamics of polymer-rich phase which is close to vitrification. Such a process can render a combination of multiple desired properties that equal or surpass those of the state-of-the-art keratoprostheses. In vivo tests confirm that the keratoprosthesis can effectively repair corneal perforation and restore a transparent cornea with treatment outcomes akin to that of allo-keratoplasty. The keratoprosthesis is easy to access and convenient to carry, and thus would be an effective temporary substitute for a corneal allograft in emergency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiageng Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Gangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Kunlun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tong
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
| | - Huade Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guanghzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guanghzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Gangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
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21
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Liu J, Zhang B, Zhang P, Zhao K, Lu Z, Wei H, Zheng Z, Yang R, Yu Y. Protein Crystallization-Mediated Self-Strengthening of High-Performance Printable Conducting Organohydrogels. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17998-18008. [PMID: 36136126 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers have many advanced applications, but there is still an important target in developing a general and straightforward strategy for printable, mechanically stable, and durable organohydrogels with typical conducting polymers of, for example, polypyrrole, polyaniline, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Here we report a protein crystallization-mediated self-strengthening strategy to fabricate printable conducting organohydrogels with the combination of rational photochemistry design. Such organohydrogels are one-step prepared via rapidly and orthogonally controllable photopolymerizations of pyrroles and gelatin protein in tens of seconds. As-prepared conducting organohydrogels are patterned and printed to complicated structures via shadow-mask lithography and 3D extrusion technology. The mild photocatalytic system gives the transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) component high stability during the oxidative preparation process and storage. Controlling water evaporation promotes gelatin crystallization in the as-prepared organohydrogels that significantly self-strengthens their mechanical property and stability in a broad temperature range and durability against continuous friction treatment without introducing guest functional materials. Also, these organohydrogels have commercially electromagnetic shielding, thermal conducting properties, and temperature- and light-responsibility. To further demonstrate the merits of this simple strategy and as-prepared organohydrogels, prism arrays, as proofs-of-concept, are printed and applied to make wearable triboelectric nanogenerators. This self-strengthening process and 3D-printability can greatly improve their voltage, charge, and current output performances compared to the undried and flat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Keqi Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Hongqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HongKong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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22
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Bioinspired fabrication of self-recovery, adhesive, and flexible conductive hydrogel sensor driven by dynamic borate ester bonds and tannic acid-mediated noncovalent network. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Hsieh JC, Li Y, Wang H, Perz M, Tang Q, Tang KWK, Pyatnitskiy I, Reyes R, Ding H, Wang H. Design of hydrogel-based wearable EEG electrodes for medical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7260-7280. [PMID: 35678148 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is considered to be a promising method for studying brain disorders. Because of its non-invasive nature, subjects take a lower risk compared to some other invasive methods, while the systems record the brain signal. With the technological advancement of neural and material engineering, we are in the process of achieving continuous monitoring of neural activity through wearable EEG. In this article, we first give a brief introduction to EEG bands, circuits, wired/wireless EEG systems, and analysis algorithms. Then, we review the most recent advances in the interfaces used for EEG recordings, focusing on hydrogel-based EEG electrodes. Specifically, the advances for important figures of merit for EEG electrodes are reviewed. Finally, we summarize the potential medical application of wearable EEG systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Huiqian Wang
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Matt Perz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Qiong Tang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kai Wing Kevin Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Ilya Pyatnitskiy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Raymond Reyes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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24
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Xie X, Yu J, Li Z, Wu Z, Chen S. Self-healable PEDOT-based all-organic films with excellent electrochromic performances. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03966d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PEDOT-based all-organic films after breaking up can be intrinsically self-healed through thermal stimulation (no more than 130 °C), and maintain excellent electrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xie
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jiarui Yu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhanqi Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
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