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Ye Y, Yuan S, Zhang S, Liu T, Wang J, Wang Q. Functional Composite Dual-Phase In Situ Self-Reconstruction Design for High-Energy-Density Li-Rich Cathodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307669. [PMID: 38168885 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The unique anionic redox mechanism provides, high-capacity, irreversible oxygen release and voltage/capacity degradation to Li-rich cathode materials (LRO, Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2). In this study, an integrated stabilized carbon-rock salt/spinel composite heterostructured layers (C@spinel/MO) is constructed by in situ self-reconstruction, and the generation mechanism of the in situ reconstructed surface is elucidated. The formation of atomic-level connections between the surface-protected phase and bulk-layered phase contributes to electrochemical performance. The best-performing sample shows a high increase (63%) of capacity retention compared to that of the pristine sample after 100 cycles at 1C, with an 86.7% reduction in surface oxygen release shown by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. Soft X-ray results show that Co3+ and Mn4+ are mainly reduce in the carbothermal reduction reaction and participate in the formation of the spinel/MO rock-salt phase. The results of oxygen release characterized by Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) strongly prove the effectiveness of surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ye
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yuan
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Tie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
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2
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Cao Y, Li S, Zhong J, Cao Y, Qiu W. CNT@SrTiO 3 Nanocomposites Synthesized by In Situ Reaction for a High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitor. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22423-22435. [PMID: 38799353 PMCID: PMC11112693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the in situ synthesis of CNT@SrTiO3 nanocomposite films for the development of high-performance flexible supercapacitors. The synthesis process involved the use of organic-inorganic hybrid polymers containing metal elements as precursors for thermal decomposition reaction under a reducing atmosphere. Due to the formation of chemical bonding between Ti elements and the CNTs, the interface between STO and CNT surface could provide additional active sites for ion transport and storage. Thereby, the incorporation of SrTiO3 nanoparticles into CNTs enhanced the electrochemical performance of the resulting nanocomposite membranes. To further investigate the influence of STO content and synthesis temperature, we conducted a detailed analysis. The findings indicated that the CNT@STO film with 25% STO content, synthesized at 700 °C, and possessed optimal performance with an areal capacitance of 6682 mF·cm-2 at 5 mV·s-1. Furthermore, a symmetrical flexible supercapacitor assembled by two CNT@STO-25 electrodes demonstrated strong application potential in wearable devices, owing to its long cycle life, excellent flexibility, and high energy density of 430.2 μWh·cm-2 (corresponding power density of 4.5 mW·cm-2). Based on these results, we believe that this study provides a fresh idea for the development of novel flexible energy storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shijingmin Li
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinhua Zhong
- HXF
SAW CO. LTD, Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Yichang 443005, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
- National
Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenfeng Qiu
- South
China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School
of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University
of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials
and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Yin L, Yang D, Jeon I, Seo J, Chen H, Kang MS, Park M, Cho CR. Enhancing Li-Ion Battery Anodes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Performance of Crystalline C 60 Nanorods with Controlled Morphology and Phase Transition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18800-18811. [PMID: 38587467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Recently, C60 has emerged as a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries, attracting significant interest due to its excellent lithium storage capacity. The electrochemical performance of C60 as an anode is largely dependent on its internal crystal structure, which is significantly influenced by the synthesis method and corresponding conditions. However, there have been few reports on how the synthesis process affects the crystal structure and Li+ storage capacity of C60. This study used the liquid-liquid interface precipitation method and a low-temperature annealing process to fabricate one-dimensional C60 nanorods (NRs). We thoroughly investigated synthesis conditions, including the growth time, drying temperature, annealing time, and annealing atmosphere. The results demonstrate that these synthesis conditions directly impact the morphology, phase transition, and electrochemical efficiency of pure C60 NRs. Remarkably, the hexagonal close-packed structural C60 NRs-6012h, in a metastable form, exhibits a reversible Li+ storage capacity as an anode material in Li-ion batteries. Furthermore, the face-centered cubic C60 NRs-603001h electrode shows significantly enhanced rate performance and long-cycle stability. A discharge-specific capacity of 603 mAh g-1 was maintained after 2000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g-1. This study elucidates the effect of synthesis conditions on C60 crystals, offering an effective strategy for preparing high-performance C60 anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Yin
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dingcheng Yang
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Injun Jeon
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwon Seo
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seung Kang
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoon Park
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ryong Cho
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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4
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Sheng Y, Wang Y, Yin S, Zhao L, Zhang X, Liu D, Wen G. Niobium-Based Oxide for Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302865. [PMID: 37833823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has become imperative to develop high energy density as well as high safety lithium-ion batteries (LIBS) to meet the growing energy demand. Among the anode materials used in LIBs, the currently used commercial graphite has low capacity and is a safety hazard due to the formation of lithium dendrites during the reaction. Among the transition metal oxide (TMO) anode materials, TMO based on the intercalation reaction mechanism has a more stable structure and is less prone to volume expansion than TMO based on the conversion reaction mechanism, especially the niobium-based oxide in it has attracted much attention. Niobium-based oxides have a high operating potential to inhibit the formation of lithium dendrites and lithium deposits to ensure safety, and have stable and fast lithium ion transport channels with excellent multiplicative performance. This review summarizes the recent developments of niobium-based oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, discusses the special structure and electrochemical reaction mechanism of the materials, the synthesis methods and morphology of nanostructures, deficiencies and improvement strategies, and looks into the future developments and challenges of niobium-based oxide anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Yishan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Shujuan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Lianyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, China
| | - Guangwu Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
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Cao K, Zhu Y, He H, Xiao J, Ren N, Si J, Chen C. Zero-Strain Sodium Lanthanum Titanate Perovskite Embedded in Flexible Carbon Fibers as a Long-Span Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11421-11430. [PMID: 38387026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
"High-capacity" graphite and "zero-strain" spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) occupy the majority market of anode materials for Li+ storage in commercial applications. Nevertheless, their intrinsic drawbacks including the unsafe potential of graphite and unsatisfactory capacity of LTO limit the further development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which is unable to satisfy the ever-increasing demands. Here, a novel Na0.35La0.55TiO3 perovskite embedded in multichannel carbon fibers (NLTO-NF) is rationally designed and synthesized through an electrospinning method. It not only has the advantages of a respectable specific capacity of 265 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and superb rate capability, but it also possesses the zero-strain characteristic. Impressively, an ultralong cycling life with 96.3% capacity retention after 9000 cycles at 2 A g-1 is achieved in the half cell, and 90.3% of capacity retention ratio is obtained after even 2500 cycles at 1 A g-1 in the coupled LiFePO4/NLTO-NF full cell. This study introduces a new member with excellent performance to the zero-strain materials family for next-generation LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yiran Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haiyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jingchao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Naiqing Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Juntao Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Shen Y, Zou J, Zeng M, Fu L. Atomic Manufacturing in Electrode Materials for High-Performance Batteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22167-22182. [PMID: 37938148 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of electrode materials plays a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of energy storage devices, thereby meeting the escalating need for energy storage and aligning with the imperative of sustainable development. Atomic manufacturing enables the precise manipulation of the crystal structure at the atomic level, thereby facilitating the development of electrode materials with customized physicochemical properties and enhancing their performance. In this Perspective, we elaborate on how atomic manufacturing enhances the important properties of electrode materials. Finally, we anticipate the prospect of materials and fabrication methods for atomic manufacturing in the future. This Perspective provides a comprehensive understanding for atomic manufacturing in electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Juan Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhu G, Luo D, Chen X, Yang J, Zhang H. Emerging Multiscale Porous Anodes toward Fast Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20850-20874. [PMID: 37921490 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
With the accelerated penetration of the global electric vehicle market, the demand for fast charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that enable improvement of user driving efficiency and user experience is becoming increasingly significant. Robust ion/electron transport paths throughout the electrode have played a pivotal role in the progress of fast charging LIBs. Yet traditional graphite anodes lack fast ion transport channels, which suffer extremely elevated overpotential at ultrafast power outputs, resulting in lithium dendrite growth, capacity decay, and safety issues. In recent years, emergent multiscale porous anodes dedicated to building efficient ion transport channels on multiple scales offer opportunities for fast charging anodes. This review survey covers the recent advances of the emerging multiscale porous anodes for fast charging LIBs. It starts by clarifying how pore parameters such as porosity, tortuosity, and gradient affect the fast charging ability from an electrochemical kinetic perspective. We then present an overview of efforts to implement multiscale porous anodes at both material and electrode levels in diverse types of anode materials. Moreover, we critically evaluate the essential merits and limitations of several quintessential fast charging porous anodes from a practical viewpoint. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future prospects of multiscale porous fast charging anode design associated with materials and electrodes as well as crucial issues faced by the battery and management level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjia Zhu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Cathode materials for lithium-sulfur battery: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for becoming the post-lithium-ion battery technology, which would require a high level of energy density across a variety of applications. An increasing amount of research has been conducted on LSBs over the past decade to develop fundamental understanding, modelling, and application-based control. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of LSB technology are discussed from a fundamental perspective. Then, the focus shifts to intermediate lithium polysulfide adsorption capacity and the challenges involved in improving LSBs by using alternative materials besides carbon for cathode construction. Attempted alternative materials include metal oxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, MXenes, graphene, quantum dots, and metal organic frameworks. One critical issue is that polar material should be more favorable than non-polar carbonaceous materials in the aspect of intermediate lithium polysulfide species adsorption and suppress shuttle effect. It will be also presented that by preparing cathode with suitable materials and morphological structure, high-performance LSB can be obtained.
Graphical abstract
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Li X, Lin Z, Jin N, Yang X, Sun L, Wang Y, Xie L, Chen X, Lei L, Rozier P, Simon P, Liu Y. Boosting the lithium-ion storage performance of perovskite Sr VO3– via Sr cation and O anion deficient engineering. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2305-2315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu F, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Meng J, Wang H, Yu R, Hong X, Wu J. Dense T-Nb 2O 5/Carbon Microspheres for Ultrafast-(Dis)charge and High-Loading Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49865-49874. [PMID: 36308403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (T-Nb2O5) is regarded as a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to ultrafast charge/discharge and high safety. However, the poor electronic conductivity and low mass loading of nanostructured T-Nb2O5 limit its practical application in LIBs. Herein, we design and construct dense microspheres consisting of nanostructured T-Nb2O5 embedded in amorphous N-doped carbon (Nb2O5@NC) via a facile method to achieve fast ionic and electronic transport as well as a high mass loading. The dense micro-sized particles with an interconnected carbon network avoid the low mass loading and volumetric energy density of conventional nanostructures. Interconnected pores in the range of a few nanometers are also formed in the Nb2O5@NC microspheres. Notably, at a high mass loading of 12.8 mg cm-2, Nb2O5@NC can achieve a high specific capacity of 171.5 mAh g-1 and an areal capacity of 2.05 mAh cm-2, showing its high lithium storage capacity. The intercalation reaction mechanism with a small volume change during cycling at both crystal lattice and microsphere levels is confirmed by in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The elegant structure and the electrochemical reaction mechanism disclosed in the work is important for designing ultrafast-(dis)charge electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Nanostructure Research Center (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Nanostructure Research Center (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanguo Chen
- Huizhi Engineering Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Henan branch, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Jiashen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Nanostructure Research Center (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Nanostructure Research Center (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xufeng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Nanostructure Research Center (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Shi D, Yang M, Zhang B, Hu H, Ai Z, Shao Y, Shen J, Wu Y, Hao X. Design of Boron Carbonitrides-Polyaniline (BCN-PANI) Assembled Supercapacitor with High Voltage Window. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:544-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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