1
|
Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo J, Guo Z, Jiang H, Li Z, Liu Y, Song Z, Liu R, Liu WD, Hu W, Chen Y. Approaching Ultimate Synthesis Reaction Rate of Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:210. [PMID: 38842604 PMCID: PMC11156821 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-rich layered oxide LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM, x + y + z = 1) is the most promising cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, conventional synthesis methods are limited by the slow heating rate, sluggish reaction dynamics, high energy consumption, and long reaction time. To overcome these challenges, we first employed a high-temperature shock (HTS) strategy for fast synthesis of the NCM, and the approaching ultimate reaction rate of solid phase transition is deeply investigated for the first time. In the HTS process, ultrafast average reaction rate of phase transition from Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2(OH)2 to Li- containing oxides is 66.7 (% s-1), that is, taking only 1.5 s. An ultrahigh heating rate leads to fast reaction kinetics, which induces the rapid phase transition of NCM cathodes. The HTS-synthesized nickel-rich layered oxides perform good cycling performances (94% for NCM523, 94% for NCM622, and 80% for NCM811 after 200 cycles at 4.3 V). These findings might also assist to pave the way for preparing effectively Ni-rich layered oxides for lithium-ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhedong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Di Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wenbin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qin T, Zhao X, Sui Y, Wang D, Chen W, Zhang Y, Luo S, Pan W, Guo Z, Leung DYC. Heterointerfaces: Unlocking Superior Capacity and Rapid Mass Transfer Dynamics in Energy Storage Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402644. [PMID: 38822769 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous electrode materials possess abundant heterointerfaces with a localized "space charge effect", which enhances capacity output and accelerates mass/charge transfer dynamics in energy storage devices (ESDs). These promising features open new possibilities for demanding applications such as electric vehicles, grid energy storage, and portable electronics. However, the fundamental principles and working mechanisms that govern heterointerfaces are not yet fully understood, impeding the rational design of electrode materials. In this study, the heterointerface evolution during charging and discharging process as well as the intricate interaction between heterointerfaces and charge/mass transport phenomena, is systematically discussed. Guidelines along with feasible strategies for engineering structural heterointerfaces to address specific challenges encountered in various application scenarios, are also provided. This review offers innovative solutions for the development of heterogeneous electrode materials, enabling more efficient energy storage beyond conventional electrochemistry. Furthermore, it provides fresh insights into the advancement of clean energy conversion and storage technologies. This review contributes to the knowledge and understanding of heterointerfaces, paving the way for the design and optimization of next-generation energy storage materials for a sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiming Sui
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE School of Materials Science and Engineering and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130013, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yingguang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shijing Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wending Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhenbin Guo
- Institute of Semiconductor Manufacturing Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dennis Y C Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jo S, Seo S, Kang SK, Na I, Kunze S, Song M, San H, Woo SP, Kim S, Kim WB, Lim J. Thermal Runaway Mechanism in Ni-Rich Cathode Full Cells of Lithium-Ion Batteries: The Role of Multidirectional Crosstalk. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402024. [PMID: 38770795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk, the exchange of chemical species between battery electrodes, significantly accelerates thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion batteries. To date, the understanding of their main mechanisms has centered on single-directional crosstalk of oxygen (O2) gas from the cathode to the anode, underestimating the exothermic reactions during TR. However, the role of multidirectional crosstalk in steering additional exothermic reactions is yet to be elucidated due to the difficulties of correlative in situ analyses of full cells. Herein, the way in which such crosstalk triggers self-amplifying feedback is elucidated that dramatically exacerbates TR within enclosed full cells, by employing synchrotron-based high-temperature X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and calorimetry. These findings reveal that ethylene (C2H4) gas generated at the anode promotes O2 evolution at the cathode. This O2 then returns to the anode, further promoting additional C2H4 formation and creating a self-amplifying loop, thereby intensifying TR. Furthermore, CO2, traditionally viewed as an extinguishing gas, engages in the crosstalk by interacting with lithium at the anode to form Li2CO3, thereby accelerating TR beyond prior expectations. These insights have led to develop an anode coating that impedes the formation of C2H4 and O2, to effectively mitigate TR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sugeun Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37637, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Kyu Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikcheon Na
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian Kunze
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Munsoo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang San
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Samsung SDI, 150-20, Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17084, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Woo
- Samsung SDI, 150-20, Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17084, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHee Kim
- Samsung SDI, 150-20, Gongse-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17084, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous & Energy Materials Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tayal A, Barai P, Zhong H, Kahvecioglu O, Wang X, Pupek KZ, Ma L, Ehrlich SN, Srinivasan V, Qu X, Bai J, Wang F. In Situ Insights into Cathode Calcination for Predictive Synthesis: Kinetic Crystallization of LiNiO 2 from Hydroxides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312027. [PMID: 38252915 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Calcination is a solid-state synthesis process widely deployed in battery cathode manufacturing. However, its inherent complexity associated with elusive intermediates hinders the predictive synthesis of high-performance cathode materials. Here, correlative in situ X-ray absorption/scattering spectroscopy is used to investigate the calcination of nickel-based cathodes, focusing specifically on the archetypal LiNiO2 from Ni(OH)2. Combining in situ observation with data-driven analysis reveals concurrent lithiation and dehydration of Ni(OH)2 and consequently, the low-temperature crystallization of layered LiNiO2 alongside lithiated rocksalts. Following early nucleation, LiNiO2 undergoes sluggish crystallization and structural ordering while depleting rocksalts; ultimately, it turns into a structurally-ordered layered phase upon full lithiation but remains small in size. Subsequent high-temperature sintering induces rapid crystal growth, accompanied by undesired delithiation and structural degradation. These observations are further corroborated by mesoscale modeling, emphasizing that, even though calcination is thermally driven and favors transformation towards thermodynamically equilibrium phases, the actual phase propagation and crystallization can be kinetically tuned via lithiation, providing freedom for structural and morphological control during cathode calcination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Tayal
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Pallab Barai
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hui Zhong
- Joint Photon Sciences Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Steven N Ehrlich
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | - Xiaohui Qu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jianming Bai
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li H, Wang L, Song Y, Zhang Z, Du A, Tang Y, Wang J, He X. Why the Synthesis Affects Performance of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312292. [PMID: 38216139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The limited cyclability of high-specific-energy layered transition metal oxide (LiTMO2) cathode materials poses a significant challenge to the industrialization of batteries incorporating these materials. This limitation can be attributed to various factors, with the intrinsic behavior of the crystal structure during the cycle process being a key contributor. These factors include phase transition induced cracks, reduced Li active sites due to Li/Ni mixing, and slower Li+ migration. In addition, the presence of synthesis-induced heterogeneous phases and lattice defects cannot be disregarded as they also contribute to the degradation in performance. Therefore, gaining a profound understanding of the intricate relationship among material synthesis, structure, and performance is imperative for the development of LiTMO2. This paper highlights the pivotal role of structural play in LiTMO2 materials and provides a comprehensive overview of how various control factors influence the specific pathways of structural evolution during the synthesis process. In addition, it summarizes the scientific challenges associated with diverse modification approaches currently employed to address the cyclic failure of materials. The overarching goal is to provide readers with profound insights into the study of LiTMO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Youzhi Song
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aimin Du
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi R, Zheng N, Ji H, Zhang M, Xiao X, Ma J, Chen W, Wang J, Cheng HM, Zhou G. Homogeneous Repair of Highly Degraded Ni-Rich Cathode Material with Spent Lithium Anode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2311553. [PMID: 38124361 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries has received wide attention owing to its potential for resource reuse and environmental benefits. The repair effect of direct regeneration methods undergoing heterogeneous repair process is usually inferior, while homogenous repair process plays a vital role to achieve satisfactory repair results. However, the practical applications of current homogeneous repair methods are challenged by the complex operations and relatively high costs owing to the requirement of additional heating or pressurization. Herein, this work proposes a simple strategy to achieve homogeneous repair of spent cathode materials under relatively mild conditions by uniformly precoating lithium source at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Followed by annealing, highly degraded LiNi0.83 Co0.12 Mn0.05 O2 with severe Li deficiency and irreversible phase transition is repaired to have an initial capacity of 181.6 mAh g-1 and capacity retention of 80.7% after 150 cycles at 0.5 C. The lithium source used in this strategy is from the spent lithium anode. Moreover, this strategy is suitable for the direct regeneration of various layer oxide cathode materials with different failure degrees. This work provides both theoretical guidance and practical examples for the straightforward, effective, and universally applicable direct regeneration methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Shi
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nengzhan Zheng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haocheng Ji
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ji H, Wang J, Ma J, Cheng HM, Zhou G. Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8194-8244. [PMID: 37886791 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in energy storage technologies is closely related to social development. However, a significant conflict has arisen between the explosive growth in battery demand and resource availability. Facing the upcoming large-scale disposal problem of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their recycling technology development has become key. Emerging direct recycling has attracted widespread attention in recent years because it aims to 'repair' the battery materials, rather than break them down and extract valuable products from their components. To achieve this goal, a profound understanding of the failure mechanisms of spent LIB electrode materials is essential. This review summarizes the failure mechanisms of LIB cathode and anode materials and the direct recycling strategies developed. We systematically explore the correlation between the failure mechanism and the required repair process to achieve efficient and even upcycling of spent LIB electrode materials. Furthermore, we systematically introduce advanced in situ characterization techniques that can be utilized for investigating direct recycling processes. We then compare different direct recycling strategies, focussing on their respective advantages and disadvantages and their applicability to different materials. It is our belief that this review will offer valuable guidelines for the design and selection of LIB direct recycling methods in future endeavors. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the future of battery direct recycling technology are discussed, paving the way for its further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Ji
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering & Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|