1
|
Huang K, Cao X, Lu Y, Xiu M, Cui K, Zhang B, Shi W, Xia J, Woods LM, Zhu S, Wang Z, Guo C, Li C, Liu Z, Wu J, Huang Y. Lattice-Disordered High-Entropy Alloy Engineered by Thermal Dezincification for Improved Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304867. [PMID: 38837502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A disordered crystal structure is an asymmetrical atomic lattice resulting from the missing atoms (vacancies) or the lattice misarrangement in a solid-state material. It has been widely proven to improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process. In the present work, due to the special physical properties (the low evaporation temperature of below 900 °C), Zn is utilized as a sacrificial component to create senary PtIrNiCoFeZn high-entropy alloy (HEA) with highly disordered lattices. The structure of the lattice-disordered PtIrNiCoFeZn HEA is characterized by the thermal diffusion scattering (TDS) in transmission electron microscope. Density functional theory calculations reveal that lattice disorder not only accelerates both the Volmer step and Tafel step during the HER process but also optimizes the intensity and distribution of projected density of states near the Fermi energy after the H2O and H adsorption. Anomalously high alkaline HER activity and stability are proven by experimental measurements. This work introduces a novel approach to preparing irregular lattices offering highly efficient HEA and a TDS characterization method to reveal the disordered lattice in materials. It provides a new route toward exploring and developing the catalytic activities of materials with asymmetrically disordered lattices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Suzhou City University, Suzhou, 215104, China
| | - Xun Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingzhen Xiu
- Energy Research Institute, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wencong Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jiuyang Xia
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lilia M Woods
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Siyu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chunxian Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Changming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Wu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yizhong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Shi L, Guo Y, Wang J, Liu D, Zhao S. Selective oxygen reduction reaction: mechanism understanding, catalyst design and practical application. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11188-11228. [PMID: 39055002 PMCID: PMC11268513 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02853h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key component for many clean energy technologies and other industrial processes. However, the low selectivity and the sluggish reaction kinetics of ORR catalysts have hampered the energy conversion efficiency and real application of these new technologies mentioned before. Recently, tremendous efforts have been made in mechanism understanding, electrocatalyst development and system design. Here, a comprehensive and critical review is provided to present the recent advances in the field of the electrocatalytic ORR. The two-electron and four-electron transfer catalytic mechanisms and key evaluation parameters of the ORR are discussed first. Then, the up-to-date synthetic strategies and in situ characterization techniques for ORR electrocatalysts are systematically summarized. Lastly, a brief overview of various renewable energy conversion devices and systems involving the ORR, including fuel cells, metal-air batteries, production of hydrogen peroxide and other chemical synthesis processes, along with some challenges and opportunities, is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Shenlong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han S, Kim S, Kim TH, Lee JY, Yoon J. Optimizing the Synergistic Effect of Co and Fe for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Evolution under Alkaline Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35200-35207. [PMID: 38934926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Developing robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). In this study, we present a catalyst optimizing the synergistic effect of Co and Fe by creating a CoFe-based layer on a Fe-based electrode (Fe@CoFe). The Fe@CoFe exhibits an overpotential of 168 mV at 10 mA cm-2 under half-cell conditions and a current density of 10 A cm-2 at 2 V in the AEMWE system with 1 M KOH. Moreover, it showcases a degradation rate of 76 μV h-1 for 2000 h at 500 mA cm-2 in the single-cell system. This study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving efficient and durable water electrolysis using a transition metal-based catalyst exclusively fabricated via electrodeposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwi Han
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Yong Lee
- Hydrogen Energy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hausmann JN, Ashton M, Mebs S, Walter C, Selve S, Haumann M, Sontheimer T, Dau H, Driess M, Menezes PW. Intermetallic Cobalt Indium Nanoparticles as Oxygen Evolution Reaction Precatalyst: A Non-Leaching p-Block Element. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309749. [PMID: 38368266 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Merely all transition-metal-based materials reconstruct into similar oxyhydroxides during the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), severely limiting the options for a tailored OER catalyst design. In such reconstructions, initial constituent p-block elements take a sacrificial role and leach into the electrolyte as oxyanions, thereby losing the ability to tune the catalyst's properties systematically. From a thermodynamic point of view, indium is expected to behave differently and should remain in the solid phase under alkaline OER conditions. However, the structural behavior of transition metal indium phases during the OER remains unexplored. Herein, are synthesized intermetallic cobalt indium (CoIn3) nanoparticles and revealed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission microscopy that they undergo phase segregation to cobalt oxyhydroxide and indium hydroxide. The obtained cobalt oxyhydroxide outperforms a metallic-cobalt-derived one due to more accessible active sites. The observed phase segregation shows that indium behaves distinctively differently from most p-block elements and remains at the electrode surface, where it can form lasting interfaces with the active metal oxo phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Niklas Hausmann
- Material Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis-CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marten Ashton
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Walter
- Material Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis-CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Selve
- Center for Electron Microscopy (ZELMI), Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. KWT2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haumann
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Sontheimer
- Strategy Department of Energy and Information, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Material Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis-CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen LX, Yano J. Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5421-5469. [PMID: 38663009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Utilization of renewable energies for catalytically generating value-added chemicals is highly desirable in this era of rising energy demands and climate change impacts. Artificial photosynthetic systems or photocatalysts utilize light to convert abundant CO2, H2O, and O2 to fuels, such as carbohydrates and hydrogen, thus converting light energy to storable chemical resources. The emergence of intense X-ray pulses from synchrotrons, ultrafast X-ray pulses from X-ray free electron lasers, and table-top laser-driven sources over the past decades opens new frontiers in deciphering photoinduced catalytic reaction mechanisms on the multiple temporal and spatial scales. Operando X-ray spectroscopic methods offer a new set of electronic transitions in probing the oxidation states, coordinating geometry, and spin states of the metal catalytic center and photosensitizers with unprecedented energy and time resolution. Operando X-ray scattering methods enable previously elusive reaction steps to be characterized on different length scales and time scales. The methodological progress and their application examples collected in this review will offer a glimpse into the accomplishments and current state in deciphering reaction mechanisms for both natural and synthetic systems. Looking forward, there are still many challenges and opportunities at the frontier of catalytic research that will require further advancement of the characterization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang T, Chen Z, Wang Y, Huang H, Yin K, Liao F, Liu Y, Kang Z. In Situ Insertion of Silicon Nanowires into Hollow Porous Co/NC Polyhedra Enabling Large-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305873. [PMID: 37803396 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
N-doped carbon (NC)-encapsulated transition metal (TM) nanocomposites are considered as alternatives to Pt-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts; however, their poor electron transfer and mass diffusion capability at high current densities hinder their practical application. Herein, an oriented coupling strategy for the in situ grafting of ultrafine Co nanoparticle-embedded hollow porous C polyhedra onto Si nanowires (Co/NC-HP@Si-NWs) is proposed to address this concern. Experimental investigations reveal that the intimate coupling between the Si-NW and Co/NC nanocage forms a multithreaded conductive network, lowering the energy barrier for internal electron transfer. When functionalized as an HER electrocatalyst in 0.5 m H2 SO4 , Co/NC-HP@Si-NWs deliver overpotentials as low as 57 and 440 mV at 10 and 500 mA cm-2 , respectively, which are much better than those of the pristine Co/NC-HP. Moreover, Co/NC-HP@Si-NWs show an outstanding cycle durability of 24 h at 10 and 500 mA cm-2 . The findings of this study are expected to inspire revolutionary work on the development of Si-mediated TM-based electrocatalysts for the HER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Huang C, Triana CA, Marks WR, Chen H, Zhao H, Patzke GR. Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6257-6358. [PMID: 36944098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are core steps of various energy conversion and storage systems. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics, i.e., the demanding multielectron transfer processes, still render OER/ORR catalysts less efficient for practical applications. Moreover, the complexity of the catalyst-electrolyte interface makes a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic OER/ORR mechanisms challenging. Fortunately, recent advances of in situ/operando characterization techniques have facilitated the kinetic monitoring of catalysts under reaction conditions. Here we provide selected highlights of recent in situ/operando mechanistic studies of OER/ORR catalysts with the main emphasis placed on heterogeneous systems (primarily discussing first-row transition metals which operate under basic conditions), followed by a brief outlook on molecular catalysts. Key sections in this review are focused on determination of the true active species, identification of the active sites, and monitoring of the reactive intermediates. For in-depth insights into the above factors, a short overview of the metrics for accurate characterizations of OER/ORR catalysts is provided. A combination of the obtained time-resolved reaction information and reliable activity data will then guide the rational design of new catalysts. Strategies such as optimizing the restructuring process as well as overcoming the adsorption-energy scaling relations will be discussed. Finally, pending current challenges and prospects toward the understanding and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts and selected homogeneous catalysts are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walker R Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hong Q, Wang Y, Wang R, Chen Z, Yang H, Yu K, Liu Y, Huang H, Kang Z, Menezes PW. In Situ Coupling of Carbon Dots with Co-ZIF Nanoarrays Enabling Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206723. [PMID: 36592427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as one promising class of precatalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet most of them suffer from poor conductivity and lack of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, which hinders the fast electrochemical reconstruction and thus a poor OER activity. To address this issue, a unique heterocomposite has been constructed by in situ inserting carbon dots (CDs) into cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (Co-ZIF) nanosheet arrays (Co-ZIF/CDs/CC) in the presence of carbon cloth (CC) via one-pot coprecipitation for alkaline OER. Benefiting from the synergism between CDs and Co-ZIF subunits such as superior conductivity, strong charge interaction as well as abundant metal sites exposure, the Co-ZIF/CDs/CC exhibits an enhanced promotion effect for OER and contributes to the deep phase transformation from CDs-coupled Co-ZIF to CDs-coupled active CoOOH. As expected, the achieved Co-ZIF/CDs/CC only requires an overpotential of 226 mV to deliver 10 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH, which is lower than that of Co-ZIF/CC and superior to most previously reported CC-supported MOF precatalysts. Moreover, it can also maintain a large current density of 100 mA cm-2 for 24 h with negligible activity decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215009, China
| | - Ziliang Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Material Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis-CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|