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Yan R, Zhao Z, Zhu R, Wu M, Liu X, Adeli M, Yin B, Cheng C, Li S. Alveoli-Inspired Carbon Cathodes with Interconnected Porous Structure and Asymmetric Coordinated Vanadium Sites for Superior Li-S Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404019. [PMID: 38622071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Accelerating sulfur conversion catalysis to alleviate the shuttle effect has become a novel paradigm for effective Li-S batteries. Although nitrogen-coordinated metal single-atom (M-N4) catalysts have been investigated, further optimizing its utilization rate and catalytic activities is urgently needed for practical applications. Inspired by the natural alveoli tissue with interconnected structure and well-distributed enzyme catalytic sites on the wall for the simultaneously fast diffusion and in situ catalytic conversion of substrates, here, we proposed the controllable synthesis of bioinspired carbon cathode with interconnected porous structure and asymmetric coordinated V-S1N3 sites for efficient and stable Li-S batteries. The enzyme-mimetic V-S1N3 shows asymmetric electronic distribution and high tunability, therefore enhancing in situ polysulfide conversion activities. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the high charge asymmetry degree and large atom radius of S in V-S1N3 result in sloping adsorption for polysulfide, thereby exhibiting low thermodynamic energy barriers and long-range stability (0.076 % decay over 600 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 68137-17133, Iran
| | - Bo Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Haldar S, Khan AH, De A, Reichmayr F, Morag A, Yu M, Schneemann A, Kaskel S. Fluorinated Benzimidazole-Linked Highly Conjugated Polymer Enabling Covalent Polysulfide Anchoring for Stable Sulfur Batteries. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302779. [PMID: 37877583 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is one of the most abundant and economical elements in the p-block family and highly redox active, potentially utilizable as a charge-storing electrode with high theoretical capacities. However, its inherent good solubility in many electrolytes inhibits its accessibility as an electrode material in typical metal-sulfur batteries. In this work, the synthetically designed fluorinated porous polymer, when treated with elemental sulfur through a well-known nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism (SN Ar), allows for the covalent integration of polysulfides into a highly conjugated benzimidazole polymer by replacing the fluorine atoms. Chemically robust benzimidazole linkages allow such harsh post-synthetic treatment and facilitate the electronic activation of the anchored polysulfides for redox reactions under applied potential. The electrode amalgamated with sulfurized polymer mitigates the so-called polysulfide shuttle effect in the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery and also enables a reversible, more environmentally friendly, and more economical aluminum-sulfur (Al-S) battery that is configured with mostly p-block elements as cathode, anode, and electrolytes. The improved cycling stabilities and reduction of the overpotential in both cases pave the way for future sustainable energy storage solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattwick Haldar
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arafat H Khan
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ankita De
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fanny Reichmayr
- Chair of Electrochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ahiud Morag
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Minghao Yu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneemann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (IWS), Winterbergstraße 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Luo C. Organic electrode materials and carbon/small-sulfur composites for affordable, lightweight and sustainable batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9803-9817. [PMID: 37475598 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active organic/polymeric materials and carbon/small-sulfur composites are promising electrode materials for developing affordable, lightweight, and sustainable batteries because of their low cost, abundance, low carbon footprint, and flexible structural tunability. This feature article summarized the key aspects of the research related to organic batteries and Li-S batteries (LSBs) based on organic/polymeric/sulfur materials for next-generation sustainable energy storage. An in-depth discussion for organic electrode materials in alkali-ion, multivalent metal, all-solid-state, and redox flow batteries is provided. State-of-the-art LSBs under high mass loading and lean electrolyte conditions for practical applications is also covered. The challenges, reaction mechanisms, strategies, approaches, and developments of organic batteries and LSBs are discussed to offer guidance for rational structure design and performance optimization. This feature article will contribute to the development and commercialization of affordable, lightweight, and sustainable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
- Quantum Science & Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Haldar S, Schneemann A, Kaskel S. Covalent Organic Frameworks as Model Materials for Fundamental and Mechanistic Understanding of Organic Battery Design Principles. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37307595 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently emerged as advanced electrodes in polymer batteries. COFs provide ideal molecular precision for understanding redox mechanisms and increasing the theoretical charge-storage capacities. Furthermore, the functional groups on the pore surface of COFs provide highly ordered and easily accessible interaction sites, which can be modeled to establish a synergy between ex situ/in situ mechanism studies and computational methods, permitting the creation of predesigned structure-property relationships. This perspective integrates and categorizes the redox functionalities of COFs, providing a deeper understanding of the mechanistic investigation of guest ion interactions in batteries. Additionally, it highlights the tunable electronic and structural properties that influence the activation of redox reactions in this promising organic electrode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattwick Haldar
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneemann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (IWS), Dresden 01277, Germany
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