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Zhao L, Lin M, Huang Z, Zhen Y, Wang T, Wang Y, Tao D, Yan G, Peng Z, Li S, Xu J, Xing W. Theoretical Study of Catalytic Performance of Pristine M 2C and Oxygen-Functionalized M 2CO 2 MXenes as Cathodes for Li-N 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33710-33722. [PMID: 38906849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Li-N2 batteries are a promising platform for electrochemical energy storage, but their performance is limited by the low activity of the cathode catalysts. In this work, density functional theory was used to study the catalytic activity of the pristine M2C and oxygen-functionalized M2CO2 MXenes (M = Sc, Ti, and V) as cathodes for Li-N2 batteries. The calculated results suggest that the pristine M2C MXenes (M = Sc, Ti, and V) show high electrical conductivity due to the Fermi level crossing the metal 3d states. The stable adsorption of N2 occurs on M2C MXenes via a side-on model and strengthens gradually with decreasing metal atomic number. Furthermore, the kinetics of N2 dissociation can be significantly accelerated by the coadsorption of Li on M2C MXenes. However, adsorption and dissociation of N2 on the M2CO2 surfaces are too difficult to occur due to strong electrostatic repulsion. The Li-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction during discharge proceeds favorably via (N + N)* → (LiN + N)* → (LiN + LiN)* → (Li2N + LiN)* → (Li2N + Li2N)* → (Li3N + Li2N)* → (Li3N + Li3N)* to form two isolated Li3N* on M2C MXenes. The calculated charge-discharge overpotentials decrease in the order of Sc2C < Ti2C < V2C. Notably, the Sc2C MXene has great potential as a cathode catalyst for Li-N2 batteries because of its high electrical conductivity, strong N2 adsorption, favorable Li-mediated N2 dissociation, and ultralow discharging, charging, and total overpotentials (0.07, 0.06, and 0.13 V). This study offers a theoretical foundation for future research on Li-N2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Meixin Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Ding Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Guangkun Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Zeyue Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shouao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
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Zhao K, Jiang X, Wu X, Feng H, Wang X, Wan Y, Wang Z, Yan N. Recent development and applications of differential electrochemical mass spectrometry in emerging energy conversion and storage solutions. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6917-6959. [PMID: 38836324 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion and storage are playing an increasingly important role in shaping the sustainable future. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) offers an operando and cost-effective tool to monitor the evolution of gaseous/volatile intermediates and products during these processes. It can deliver potential-, time-, mass- and space-resolved signals which facilitate the understanding of reaction kinetics. In this review, we show the latest developments and applications of DEMS in various energy-related electrochemical reactions from three distinct perspectives. (I) What is DEMS addresses the working principles and key components of DEMS, highlighting the new and distinct instrumental configurations for different applications. (II) How to use DEMS tackles practical matters including the electrochemical test protocols, quantification of both potential and mass signals, and error analysis. (III) Where to apply DEMS is the focus of this review, dealing with concrete examples and unique values of DEMS studies in both energy conversion applications (CO2 reduction, water electrolysis, carbon corrosion, N-related catalysis, electrosynthesis, fuel cells, photo-electrocatalysis and beyond) and energy storage applications (Li-ion batteries and beyond, metal-air batteries, supercapacitors and flow batteries). The recent development of DEMS-hyphenated techniques and the outlook of the DEMS technique are discussed at the end. As DEMS celebrates its 40th anniversary in 2024, we hope this review can offer electrochemistry researchers a comprehensive understanding of the latest developments of DEMS and will inspire them to tackle emerging scientific questions using DEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Haozhou Feng
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiude Wang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yuyan Wan
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Ning Yan
- Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Wu J, Chen J, Chen X, Liu Y, Hu Z, Lou F, Chou S, Qiao Y. Cross-linked K 0.5MnO 2 nanoflower composites for high rate and low overpotential Li-CO 2 batteries. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9591-9598. [PMID: 38939144 PMCID: PMC11206224 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01799d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable Li-CO2 batteries are deemed to be attractive energy storage systems, as they can effectively inhale and fix carbon dioxide and possess an extremely high energy density. Unfortunately, the irreversible decomposition of the insoluble and insulating Li2CO3 results in awful electrochemical performance and inferior energy efficiency of Li-CO2 batteries. Furthermore, the low energy efficiency will exacerbate the extra waste of resources. Therefore, it is vital to design novel and efficient catalysts to enhance the battery performance. Herein, a facile, one-step strategy is introduced to design cross-linked, ultrathin K0.5MnO2 nanoflowers combined with CNTs (K0.5MnO2/CNT) as a highly efficient cathode for Li-CO2 batteries. Impressively, the Li-CO2 battery based on the K0.5MnO2/CNT cathode achieves a low overpotential (1.05 V) and a high average energy efficiency (87.95%) at a current density of 100 mA g-1. Additionally, the K0.5MnO2/CNT cathode can steadily run for over 100 cycles (overpotential < 1.20 V). Moreover, a low overpotential of 1.47 V can be obtained even at a higher current density of 1000 mA g-1, indicating the superior rate performance of K0.5MnO2/CNT. This strategy offers new insight and guidance for the development of low-cost and high-performance Li-CO2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Zhongyuan Co. Ltd, Natural Gas Technology Center Zhengzhou Henan 450000 China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zhe Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Feijian Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Yun Qiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
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Yang Y, Yao X, Xuan Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Huang T, Shi M, Chen Y, Lan YQ. Porous crystalline conjugated macrocyclic materials and their energy storage applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38895771 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Porous crystalline conjugated macrocyclic materials (CMMs) possess high porosity, tunable structure/function and efficient charge transport ability owing to their planar macrocyclic conjugated π-electron system, which make them promising candidates for applications in energy storage. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the timely development of porous crystalline CMMs in energy storage related fields. Specifically, we summarize and discuss their structures and properties. In addition, their energy storage applications, such as lithium ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium ion batteries, potassium ion batteries, Li-CO2 batteries, Li-O2 batteries, Zn-air batteries, supercapacitors and triboelectric nanogenerators, are also discussed. Finally, we present the existing challenges and future prospects. We hope this review will inspire the development of advanced energy storage materials based on porous crystalline CMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoman Yao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhe Xuan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xuanxu Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuluan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Taoping Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mingjin Shi
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yifa Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Wang J, Feng N, Zhang S, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Du J, Tian S, Zhao Q, Yang G. Improving the Rechargeable Li-CO 2 Battery Performances by Tailoring Oxygen Defects on Li-Ni-Co-Mn Multi-Metal Oxide Catalysts Recycled from Spent Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402892. [PMID: 38757555 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable Li-CO2 batteries are considered as a promising carbon-neutral energy storage technology owing to their ultra-high energy density and efficient CO2 capture capability. However, the sluggish CO2 reduction/evolution kinetics impedes their practical application, which leads to huge overpotentials and poor cyclability. Multi-element transit metal oxides (TMOs) are demonstrated as effective cathodic catalysts for Li-CO2 batteries. But there are no reports on the integration of defect engineering on multi-element TMOs. Herein, the oxygen vacancy-bearing Li-Ni-Co-Mn multi-oxide (Re-NCM-H3) catalyst with the α-NaFeO2-type structure is first fabricated by annealing the NiCoMn precursor that derived from spent ternary LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode, in H2 at 300 °C. As demonstrated by experimental results and theory calculations, the introduction of moderate oxygen vacancy has optimized electronic state near the Fermi level (Ef), eventually improving CO2 adsorption and charge transfer. Therefore, the Li-CO2 batteries with Re-NCM-H3 catalyst deliver a high capacity (11808.9 mAh g-1), a lower overpotential (1.54 V), as well as excellent stability over 216 cycles at 100 mA g-1 and 165 cycles at 400 mA g-1. This study not only opens up a sustainable application of spent ternary cathode, but also validates the potential of multi-element TMO catalysts with oxygen defects for high-efficiency Li-CO2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Feng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials Department, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials Department, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lin
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials Department, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials Department, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials Department, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Senlin Tian
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials Department, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, P. R. China
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Zhang F, Zhang W, Yuwono JA, Wexler D, Fan Y, Zou J, Liang G, Sun L, Guo Z. Catalytic role of in-situ formed C-N species for enhanced Li 2CO 3 decomposition. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3393. [PMID: 38649349 PMCID: PMC11035688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sluggish kinetics of the CO2 reduction/evolution reactions lead to the accumulation of Li2CO3 residuals and thus possible catalyst deactivation, which hinders the long-term cycling stability of Li-CO2 batteries. Apart from catalyst design, constructing a fluorinated solid-electrolyte interphase is a conventional strategy to minimize parasitic reactions and prolong cycle life. However, the catalytic effects of solid-electrolyte interphase components have been overlooked and remain unclear. Herein, we systematically regulate the compositions of solid-electrolyte interphase via tuning electrolyte solvation structures, anion coordination, and binding free energy between Li ion and anion. The cells exhibit distinct improvement in cycling performance with increasing content of C-N species in solid-electrolyte interphase layers. The enhancement originates from a catalytic effect towards accelerating the Li2CO3 formation/decomposition kinetics. Theoretical analysis reveals that C-N species provide strong adsorption sites and promote charge transfer from interface to *CO22- during discharge, and from Li2CO3 to C-N species during charge, thereby building a bidirectional fast-reacting bridge for CO2 reduction/evolution reactions. This finding enables us to design a C-N rich solid-electrolyte interphase via dual-salt electrolytes, improving cycle life of Li-CO2 batteries to twice that using traditional electrolytes. Our work provides an insight into interfacial design by tuning of catalytic properties towards CO2 reduction/evolution reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jodie A Yuwono
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - David Wexler
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Yameng Fan
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Jinshuo Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Gemeng Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Liang Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Liu Z, Zhai X, Wei T, Liu Y, Sun Z, Zhang J, Ding H, Xia Y, Zhou M. Metal-Free Electron Donor-Acceptor Pair Enabled Long-Term Stability of Li-CO 2 Battery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400619. [PMID: 38593311 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The challenges of Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2) batteries for ensuring long-term cycling stability arise from the thermodynamically stable and electrically insulating discharge products (e.g., Li2CO3), which primarily rely on their interaction with the active materials. To achieve the optimized intermediates, the bifunctional electron donor-acceptor (D-A) pairs are proposed in cathode design to adjust such interactions in the case of B-O pairs. The inclusion of BC2O sites allows for the optimized redistribution of electrons via p-π conjugation. The as-obtained DO-AB pairs endow the enhanced interactions with Li+, CO2, and various intermediates, accompanied by the adjustable growth mode of Li2CO3. The shift from solvation-mediated mode into surface absorption mode in turn manipulates the morphology and decomposition kinetics of Li2CO3. Therefore, the corresponding Li-CO2 battery got twofold improved in both the capacity and reversibility. The cycling prolongs exceed 1300 h and well operates at a wide temperature range (20-50 °C) and different folding angles (0-180°). Such a strategy of introducing electron donor-acceptor pairs provides a distinct direction to optimize the lifetime of Li-CO2 battery from local structure regulation at the atomic scale, further inspiring in-depth understandings for developing electrochemical energy storage and carbon capture technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xingwu Zhai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tianchen Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Xia
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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Lu B, Wu X, Xiao X, Chen B, Zeng W, Liu Y, Lao Z, Zeng XX, Zhou G, Yang J. Energy Band Engineering Guided Design of Bidirectional Catalyst for Reversible Li-CO 2 Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308889. [PMID: 37960976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Li-CO2 batteries arouse great interest in the context of carbon neutralization, but their practicability is severely hindered by the sluggish CO2 redox reaction kinetics at the cathode, which brings about formidable challenges such as high overpotential and low Coulombic efficiency. For the complex multi-electron transfer process, the design of catalysts at the molecular or atomic level and the understanding of the relationship between electron state and performance are essential for the CO2 redox. However, little attention is paid to it. In this work, using Co3 S4 as a model system, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the adjusted d-band and p-band centers of Co3 S4 with the introduction of Cu and sulfur vacancies are hybridized between CO2 and Li species, respectively, which is conducive to the adsorption of reactants and the decomposition of Li2 CO3 , and the experimental results further verify the effectiveness of energy band engineering. As a result, a highly efficient bidirectional catalyst is produced and shows an ultra-small voltage gap of 0.73 V and marvelous Coulombic efficiency of 92.6%, surpassing those of previous catalysts under similar conditions. This work presents an effective catalyst design and affords new insight into the high-performance cathode catalyst materials for Li-CO2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Electrocatalytic Materials, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinru Wu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Biao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weihao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhoujie Lao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xian-Xiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Electrocatalytic Materials, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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