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Lupi M, Fabbri M, Mazzeo G, Longhi G, Abbate S, Viglianisi C, Menichetti S. Organocatalytic hydrogen bond donor/Lewis base (HBD/LB) synthesis and chiroptical properties of thiabridged [5]helicenes. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39040026 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Thiabridged [5]helicenes are obtained from thioaryl-N-phthalimido benzo[a]phenothiazines using a hydrogen bond donor/Lewis base organocatalytic approach. Resolution of [5]helicenes using either (1S)-(-)-camphanic acid as a chiral auxiliary or CSP-HPLC is reported. Thiabridged [5]helicenes show an exceptional configurational stability with racemization energy barriers higher than 40 kcal mol-1. Electronic circular dichroism and TD-DFT calculations permit the assignment of the absolute configuration, demonstrating that the sign of optical rotation is not easily related to the M or P structure. Separated enantiomers show circularly polarized luminescence with high dissymmetry ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mosè Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V. le Europa 11, Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V. le Europa 11, Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V. le Europa 11, Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
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Liu X, Zhu B, Zhang X, Zhu H, Zhang J, Chu A, Wang F, Wang R. Enantioselective synthesis of [4]helicenes by organocatalyzed intermolecular C-H amination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:732. [PMID: 38272928 PMCID: PMC10810882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of helically chiral molecules has remained an outstanding challenge and witnessed fairly limited progress in the past decades. Current methods to construct such compounds almost entirely rely on catalytic enantiocontrolled fused-ring system extension. Herein, we report a direct terminal peri-functionalization strategy, which allows for efficient assembling of 1,12-disubstituted [4]carbohelicenes via an organocatalyzed enantioselective amination reaction of 2-hydroxybenzo[c]phenanthrene derivates with diazodicarboxamides. The key feature of this approach is that the stereochemical information of the catalyst could be transferred into not only the helix sense but also the remote C-N axial chirality of the products, thus enabling the synthesis of [4]- and [5]helicenes with both structural diversity and stereochemical complexity in good efficiency and excellent enantiocontrol. Besides, the large-scale preparations and representative transformations of the helical products further demonstrate the practicality of this protocol. Moreover, DFT calculations reveal that both the hydrogen bonds and the C-H---π interactions between the substrates and catalyst contribute to the ideal stereochemical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Boyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518107, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anqi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
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3
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Canac Y. Carbon-Phosphorus Ligands with Extreme Donating Character. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300187. [PMID: 37435947 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbeniophosphines [R2 C+ -PR2 ] and phosphonium ylides [R3 P+ -CR2 - ] are two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus based ligands defined by their unique donor properties. Indeed, while carbeniophosphines are electron-poor P-ligands due to the positioning of a positive charge near the coordinating P-atom, phosphonium ylides are electron-rich C-ligands due to the presence of a negatively charged coordinating C-atom. Based on this knowledge, this account summarizes our recent contribution on these two classes of carbon-phosphorus ligands, and in particular the strategies developed to lower the donor character of carbeniophosphines and enhance that of phosphonium ylides. This led us to design, at both extremities of the donating scale, extremely electron-poor P-ligands exemplified by imidazoliophosphonites [R2 C+ -P(OR)2 ] and dicarbeniophosphines [(R2 C+ )2 -PR], and extremely electron-rich C-ligands illustrated by pincer architectures exhibiting several phosphonium ylide donor extremities. In the context of carbon-phosphorus analogy, the closely related cases of ligands where the C-atom of a NHC ligand is in close proximity of two positive charges, and that of a phosphonium ylide coordinated through its P-atom are also discussed. An overview of the synthetic methods, coordinating properties, general reactivity and electronic structure of all these C,P-based species is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Full J, Wildervanck MJ, Dillmann C, Panchal SP, Volland D, Full F, Meerholz K, Nowak-Król A. Impact of Truncation on Optoelectronic Properties of Azaborole Helicenes. Chemistry 2023:e202302808. [PMID: 37651165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report configurationally stable singly-truncated (ST) and structurally flexible doubly-truncated (DT) helically chiral compounds derived from azabora[7]helicenes by a hypothetical removal of a single or two C=C double bonds. The singly-truncated constitutional isomers were synthesized from either benzoisoquinoline (BIQ) or phenantherene building blocks and the corresponding biaryls in excellent yields to give azabora[5]helicenes with a pendant phenyl ring at a sterically hindered position. These systems highlight the electronic impact of the nitrogen donor substitution position. The compounds with a disrupted BIQ moiety (STN) possess remarkable photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.53 in the solid state and a blue emission in solution with dissymmetry factors of up to ca. 3×10-3 . Upon cooling to 79 K all compounds exhibit phosphorescence with lifetimes of up to ca. 0.5 s. A methyl complex of azabora[7]helicene showing excellent configurational stability was used as a chiral inducer embedded in an emissive polymer (F8BT) to produce circularly polarized organic light emitting diodes with an electroluminescence dissymmetry factor gEL of up to 0.54.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Full
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martijn J Wildervanck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Dillmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Santosh P Panchal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Volland
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Full
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4-6, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Rocker J, Dresel JA, Krieger LA, Eckhardt P, Ortuño AM, Kitzmann WR, Clever GH, Heinze K, Opatz T. Substitution Effects on the Photophysical and Photoredox Properties of Tetraaza[7]helicenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301244. [PMID: 37222393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of substituted derivatives of tetraaza[7]helicenes were synthesized and the influence of the substitution on their photophysical and photoredox-catalytic properties was studied. The combination of their high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.65 and their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity results in CPL brightness values (BCPL ) that are among the highest recorded for [7]helicenes so far. A sulfonylation/hetarylation reaction using cyanopyridines as substrates for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited helicenes was conducted to test for viability in photoredox catalysis. DFT calculations predict the introduction of electron withdrawing substituents to yield more oxidizing catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rocker
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes A Dresel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonie A Krieger
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana M Ortuño
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Winald R Kitzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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