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Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu Y, Xie C, Wang S, Yao X. Design and regulation of defective electrocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39268976 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts are the key components of electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. High performance electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the chemical reactions, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of energy devices. The electrocatalytic reaction mainly experiences adsorption and desorption of molecules (reactants, intermediates and products) on a catalyst surface, accompanied by charge transfer processes. Therefore, surface control of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalyst design and optimization. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the rational design and regulation of a defect structure can result in rearrangement of the atomic structure on the catalyst surface, thereby efficaciously promoting the electrocatalytic performance. However, the relationship between defects and catalytic properties still remains to be understood. In this review, the types of defects, synthesis methods and characterization techniques are comprehensively summarized, and then the intrinsic relationship between defects and electrocatalytic performance is discussed. Moreover, the application and development of defects are reviewed in detail. Finally, the challenges existing in defective electrocatalysts are summarized and prospected, and the future research direction is also suggested. We hope that this review will provide some principal guidance and reference for researchers engaged in defect and catalysis research, better help researchers understand the research status and development trends in the field of defects and catalysis, and expand the application of high-performance defective electrocatalysts to the field of electrocatalytic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410114, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410114, P. R. China.
| | - Yangfan Xu
- School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Yao
- School of Advanced Energy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China.
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Yang J, Zhu C, Wang D. A Simple Organo-Electrocatalysis System for the Chlor-Related Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406883. [PMID: 38783773 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Consuming a substantial quantum of energy (~165 TW h), the chlor-alkali industry garners considerable scholarly and industrial interest, with the anode reaction involving the oxidation of chloride ions being a paramount determinant of reaction rates. While the dimensionally stable anode (DSA) displays commendable catalytic activity and longevity, they rely on precious metals and exhibit a non-negligible side reaction in sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) production, underscoring the appeal of metal-free alternatives. However, the molecules and systems currently available are characterized by intricate complexity and are not amenable to large-scale production. Herein, we have successfully developed an economical and highly efficient molecular catalyst, demonstrating superior performance compared with the former organic molecules in the chloride ion oxidation process (COP) for the production of both chlorine gas (Cl2) and NaClO. The molecule of 2N only needs 92 mV to reach a current density of 1000 mA cm-2, with a small cost of only 0.002 $ g-1. Furthermore, we propose a novel mechanism underpinned by non-covalent interactions, serving as the foundation for an innovative approach to the design of efficient anodes for the COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Qin H, Guo M, Zhou C, Li J, Jing X, Wan Y, Song W, Yu H, Peng G, Yao Z, Liu J, Hu K. Enhancing singlet oxygen production of dioxygen activation on the carbon-supported rare-earth oxide nanocluster and rare-earth single atom catalyst to remove antibiotics. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121184. [PMID: 38377699 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is extensively employed in the fields of chemical, biomedical and environmental. However, it is still a challenge to produce high- concentration 1O2 by dioxygen activation. Herein, a system of carbon-supported rare-earth oxide nanocluster and single atom catalysts (named as RE2O3/RE-C, RE=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc and Y) with similar morphology, structure, and physicochemical characteristic are constructed to activate dissolved oxygen (DO) to enhance 1O2 production. The catalytic activity trends and mechanisms are revealed experimentally and are also proven by theoretical analyses and calculations. The 1O2 generation activity trend is Gd2O3/Gd-C>Er2O3/Er-C>Sm2O3/Sm-C>pristine carbon (C). More than 95.0% of common antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and carbamazepine) can be removed in 60 min by Gd2O3/Gd-C. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Gd2O3 nanoclusters and Gd single atoms exhibit the moderate adsorption energy of ·O2- to enhance 1O2 production. This study offers a universal strategy to enhance 1O2 production in dioxygen activation for future application and reveals the natural essence of basic mechanisms of 1O2 production via rare-earth oxide nanoclusters and rare-earth single atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Qin
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Meina Guo
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xuequan Jing
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341000, China; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weijie Song
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341000, China; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongdong Yu
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guan Peng
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhangwei Yao
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kang Hu
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production of Rare Earths, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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Xu Y, Wang M, Sajid M, Meng Y, Xie Z, Sun L, Jin J, Chen W, Zhang S. Organocatalytic Lithium Chloride Oxidation by Covalent Organic Frameworks for Rechargeable Lithium-Chlorine Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315931. [PMID: 38050465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable Li-Cl2 battery is a promising high energy density battery system. However, reasonable cycle life could only be achieved under low specific capacities due to the sluggish oxidation of LiCl to Cl2 . Herein, we propose an amine-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) with catalytic activity, namely COF-NH2 , that significantly decreases the oxidation barrier of LiCl and accelerates the oxidation kinetics of LiCl in Li-Cl2 cell. The resulting Li-Cl2 cell using COF-NH2 (Li-Cl2 @COF-NH2 ) simultaneously exhibits low overpotential, ultrahigh discharge capacity up to 3500 mAh/g and a promoted utilization ratio of deposited LiCl at the first cycle (UR-LiCl) of 81.4 %, which is one of the highest reported values to date. Furthermore, the Li-Cl2 @COF-NH2 cell could be stably cycled for over 200 cycles when operating at a capacity of 2000 mAh/g at -20 °C with a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈100 % and a discharge plateau of 3.5 V. Our superior Li-Cl2 batteries enabled by organocatalyst enlighten an arena towards high-energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yahan Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zehui Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shenxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Gao W, Gao Y, Liu B, Kang J, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Zou Y. Nitrogen-doped carbon material NCM- T heterogeneously catalyzed liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5055-5060. [PMID: 38332788 PMCID: PMC10849082 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important chemical intermediate, aniline is primarily produced industrially through catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Herein, a series of nitrogen-doped carbon materials (referred to as NCM-T, with T denoting the roasting temperature (°C)) were prepared through high-temperature roasting of sucrose and melamine for the heterogeneous catalytic liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline. A preliminary study of the involved reaction mechanism was performed by combining the results of material characterisation and catalyst evaluation. Experimental results showed that the graphitic N content and the defective sites simultaneously affected the performance of NCM-T in catalysing the hydrazine hydrate reduction in the nitrobenzene hydrogenation reaction. The catalyst NCM-800 was reacted in an ethanol solution with hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent at 80 °C for 5 h. Notably, the nitrobenzene conversion rate was up to 94%, and the aniline selectivity was 100%. The turnover frequency (TOF) could reach up to 7.9 mol g-1 h-1, and after five recycling cycles, only a small loss of catalytic activity was observed. This shows that the prepared catalyst is a recyclable catalyst that can be used for reducing the nitrobenzene from hydrazine hydrate to aniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132000 China
| | - Yongping Gao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132000 China
| | - Bai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132000 China
| | - Jianing Kang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132000 China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132000 China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132000 China
| | - Yongcun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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Xiao Y, Hu S, Miao Y, Gong F, Chen J, Wu M, Liu W, Chen S. Recent Progress in Hot Spot Regulated Strategies for Catalysts Applied in Li-CO 2 Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305009. [PMID: 37641184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
As a high energy density power system, lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2 ) batteries play an important role in addressing the fossil fuel crisis issues and alleviating the greenhouse effect. However, the sluggish transformation kinetic of CO2 and the difficult decomposition of discharge products impede the achievement of large capacity, small overpotential, and long life span of the batteries, which require exploring efficient catalysts to resolve these problems. In this review, the main focus is on the hot spot regulation strategies of the catalysts, which include the modulation of the active sites, the designing of microstructure, and the construction of composition. The recent progress of promising catalysis with hot spot regulated strategies is systematically addressed. Critical challenges are also presented and perspectives to provide useful guidance for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts for practical advanced Li-CO2 batteries are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yue Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fenglian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shimou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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