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Huang Y, Peng F. Micro/nanomotors for neuromodulation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11019-11027. [PMID: 38804105 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Micro-nanomotors (MNMs) are micro/nanoscale intelligent devices with vast potential in the fields of drug delivery, precision medicine, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Their primary advantage lies in their ability to convert various forms of external energy (such as magnetic, ultrasonic, and light energy) into their own propulsive force. Additionally, MNMs offer high controllability and modifiability, enabling them to navigate in the microscopic world. Importantly, recent research has harnessed the unique advantages of MNMs to synergize their capabilities in neuromodulation. This mini-review presents the significant progress and pioneering achievements in the use of MNMs for neuromodulation, with the aim of inspiring readers to explore the broader biomedical applications of these MNMs. Through continuous innovation and diligent exploration, MNMs show promise to have a profound impact on the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Wang J, Zhang X, Chen H, Ren H, Zhou M, Zhao Y. Engineered stem cells by emerging biomedical stratagems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:248-279. [PMID: 38101962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds immense potential as a viable treatment for a widespread range of intractable disorders. As the safety of stem cell transplantation having been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials, various kinds of stem cells are currently utilized in medical applications. Despite the achievements, the therapeutic benefits of stem cells for diseases are limited, and the data of clinical researches are unstable. To optimize tthe effectiveness of stem cells, engineering approaches have been developed to enhance their inherent abilities and impart them with new functionalities, paving the way for the next generation of stem cell therapies. This review offers a detailed analysis of engineered stem cells, including their clinical applications and potential for future development. We begin by briefly introducing the recent advances in the production of stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)). Furthermore, we present the latest developments of engineered strategies in stem cells, including engineered methods in molecular biology and biomaterial fields, and their application in biomedical research. Finally, we summarize the current obstacles and suggest future prospects for engineered stem cells in clinical translations and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, Shenzhen 518038, China.
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Xu J, Zhong Y, Wang W, Gao R, Wang Y, Tong F, Sun J, Hong M, Qiao L, Qiao W, Mei Q, Wu J. H 2O 2-stimulated Janus-shaped self-propelled nanomotors as an active treatment for acute renal injury. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1282-1290. [PMID: 38126775 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04808j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
As emerging nanosystems, nanomotors have been applied in the active treatment of many diseases. In this paper, Pt@chitosan-loaded melatonin asymmetrical nanomaterials embedded with L-serine (S, kidney injury molecule 1-targeting agent) were constructed to alleviate acute kidney injury (AKI). The Janus nanocarriers arrived at the renal injury site via the bloodstream and exhibited high permeability. Because of melatonin distribution in the kidneys combined with H2O2-stimulated O2 release, the administration of the Janus nanosystem resulted in active treatment through the motion of nanomotors by asymmetrical O2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yali Zhong
- Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621000, China.
| | - Weixin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Yini Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Fei Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Miaofang Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Qibing Mei
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Sun J, Wu J, Ju H. Effects of Size and Asymmetry on Catalase-Powered Silica Micro/nanomotors. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300900. [PMID: 37990785 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors that can autonomously move in biological environment are attractive in the fields of biology and biomedicine. The fabrication of enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors normally focuses on constructing Janus structures of micro/nanomaterials, based on the intuition that the Janus coating of enzymes can generate driving force from asymmetric catalytic reactions. Here, in the fabrication of catalase-powered silica micro/nanomotors (C-MNMs), an archetypical model of enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors, we find the silica size rather than asymmetric coating of catalase determines the motion ability of C-MNMs. The effects of size and asymmetry have been investigated by a series of C-MNMs at various sizes (0.5, 2, 5 and 10 μm) and asymmetric levels (full-, half- and most-coated with catalase). The motion performance indicates that 500 nm and 2 μm C-MNMs show obvious increases (varying from 134% to 618%) of diffusion coefficient, but C-MNMs bigger than 5 μm have no self-propulsion behaviour at all, regardless of asymmetric levels. In addition, although asymmetry facilitates enhanced diffusion of C-MNMs, only 2 μm C-MNMs are sensitive to asymmetric level. This work elucidates the primary and secondary roles of size and asymmetry in the preparation of C-MNMs, paving the way to fabricate enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors with high motion performance in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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Zheng J, Huang R, Lin Z, Chen S, Yuan K. Nano/Micromotors for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Innovative Designs to Improve Biocompatibility. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 38258055 PMCID: PMC10821023 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano/micromotors are artificial robots at the nano/microscale that are capable of transforming energy into mechanical movement. In cancer diagnosis or therapy, such "tiny robots" show great promise for targeted drug delivery, cell removal/killing, and even related biomarker sensing. Yet biocompatibility is still the most critical challenge that restricts such techniques from transitioning from the laboratory to clinical applications. In this review, we emphasize the biocompatibility aspect of nano/micromotors to show the great efforts made by researchers to promote their clinical application, mainly including non-toxic fuel propulsion (inorganic catalysts, enzyme, etc.), bio-hybrid designs, ultrasound propulsion, light-triggered propulsion, magnetic propulsion, dual propulsion, and, in particular, the cooperative swarm-based strategy for increasing therapeutic effects. Future challenges in translating nano/micromotors into real applications and the potential directions for increasing biocompatibility are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Rui Huang
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shaoqi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Kaisong Yuan
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (R.H.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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