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Zhao L, Chu W, Li L, Wang C, Wei Z, Deng W, Nie R. Starch Cross-Linked Glass Fibers for Water Evaporation-Induced Electricity Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39388340 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Water evaporation-induced electricity devices (WEDs) have become extremely attractive, converting ambient heat into electricity while being environmentally friendly. However, most current WEDs are costly and cumbersome to fabricate, which greatly limits their commercialization process. Here, we present WEDs based on starch cross-linked with glass fiber filter paper (Starch-GF). A single device produced an open-circuit voltage of 0.3 V, a short-circuit current of 1.2 μA, and a maximum power density of 1.8 mW/m2 in a natural environment under 24 h of continuous measurements. Starch-GF devices can drive electronics after charging capacitors and have environmentally friendly properties. This research contributes significantly to the discovery of hydrovoltaic materials and their practical implementation in hydrovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Weicun Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Riming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
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Ge C, Xu D, Feng X, Yang X, Song Z, Song Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Gao C, Du Y, Sun Z, Xu W, Fang J. Recent Advances in Fibrous Materials for Hydroelectricity Generation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:29. [PMID: 39347862 PMCID: PMC11444048 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Depleting fossil energy sources and conventional polluting power generation pose a threat to sustainable development. Hydroelectricity generation from ubiquitous and spontaneous phase transitions between liquid and gaseous water has been considered a promising strategy for mitigating the energy crisis. Fibrous materials with unique flexibility, processability, multifunctionality, and practicability have been widely applied for fibrous materials-based hydroelectricity generation (FHG). In this review, the power generation mechanisms, design principles, and electricity enhancement factors of FHG are first introduced. Then, the fabrication strategies and characteristics of varied constructions including 1D fiber, 1D yarn, 2D fabric, 2D membrane, 3D fibrous framework, and 3D fibrous gel are demonstrated. Afterward, the advanced functions of FHG during water harvesting, proton dissociation, ion separation, and charge accumulation processes are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the potential applications including power supply, energy storage, electrical sensor, and information expression are also discussed. Finally, some existing challenges are considered and prospects for future development are sincerely proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ge
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Feng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yingcun Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Fang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Liu B, Lan B, Shi L, Cheng Y, Sun J, Wang R. Batch Fabrication of Flexible Strain Sensors with High Linearity and Low Hysteresis for Health Monitoring and Motion Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36821-36831. [PMID: 38953185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible strain sensors have gradually come into our lives due to their superiority in the field of biomonitoring. However, these sensors still suffer from poor durability, high hysteresis, and difficulty in calibration, resulting in great hindrance of practical application. Herein, starting with interfacial interaction regulation and structure-induced cracking, flexible strain sensors with high performance are successfully fabricated. In this strategy, dopamine treatment is used to enhance the bonding between flexible substrates and carbon nanotubes (CNT). The combination within the conductive networks is then controlled by substituting the CNT type. Braid-like fibers are employed to achieve controllable expansion of the conductive layer cracks. Finally, we obtain strain sensors that possess high linearity (R2 = 0.997) with low hysteresis (5%), high sensitivity (GF = 60) and wide sensing range (0-50%), short response time (62 ms), outstanding stability, and repeatability (>10,000 cycles). Flexible strain sensors with all performances good are rarely reported. Static and dynamic respiration and pulse signal monitoring by the fiber sensor are demonstrated. Moreover, a knee joint monitoring system is constructed for the monitoring of various walking stances, which is of great value to the diagnosis and rehabilitation of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binxu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Liangjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Wang J, Cao X, Cui X, Wang H, Zhang H, Wang K, Li X, Li Z, Zhou Y. Recent Advances of Green Electricity Generation: Potential in Solar Interfacial Evaporation System. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311151. [PMID: 38182407 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has played a pivotal role in optimizing water-energy utilization, reducing conventional power costs, and mitigating environmental impacts. The increasing emphasis on the synergistic cogeneration of water and green electricity through SDIE is particularly noteworthy. However, there is a gap of existing reviews that have focused on the mechanistic understanding of green power from water-electricity cogeneration (WEC) systems, the structure-activity relationship between efficiency of green energy utilization in WEC and material design in SDIE. Particularly, it lacks a comprehensive discussion to address the challenges faced in these areas along with potential solutions. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively assess the progress and future perspective of green electricity from WEC systems by investigating the potential expansion of SDIE. First, it provides a comprehensive overview about material rational design, thermal management, and water transportation tunnels in SDIE. Then, it summarizes diverse energy sources utilized in the SDIE process, including steaming generation, photovoltaics, salinity gradient effect, temperature gradient effect, and piezoelectric effect. Subsequently, it explores factors that affect generated green electricity efficiency in WEC. Finally, this review proposes challenges and possible solution in the development of WEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Xiqian Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Xinyue Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Haijian Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Xibao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
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Ge C, Wang Y, Wang M, Zheng Z, Wang S, Kong Y, Gao Q, Liu M, Sun F, Li L, Zhang T. Silk Fibroin-Regulated Nanochannels for Flexible Hydrovoltaic Ion Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310260. [PMID: 38116707 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation-induced hydrovoltaic effect based on ion-selective nanochannels can theoretically be employed for high-performance ion sensing; yet, the indeterminate ion-sensing properties and the acquisition of high sensing performance are rarely explored. Herein, a controllable nanochannel regulation strategy for flexible hydrovoltaic devices with highly sensitive ion-sensing abilities is presented across a wide concentration range. By multiple dip-coating of silk fibroin (SF) on an electrospinning nylon-66 nanofiber (NNF) film, the surface polarity enhancement, the fibers size regulation with a precision of ≈25 nm, and the nanostructure firm binding are achieved simultaneously. The resultant flexible freestanding hydrovoltaic device exhibits an open circuit voltage up to 4.82 V in deionized water, a wide ion sensing range of 10-7 to 100 m, and ultrahigh sensitivity as high as 1.37 V dec-1, which is significantly higher than the sensitivity of the traditional solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). The fabricated flexible ion-sensitive hydrovoltaic device is successfully applied for wearable human sweat electrolyte sensing and for environmental trace-ion monitoring, thereby confirming the potential application of the hydrovoltaic effect for ion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Ge
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Kong
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fuqin Sun
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Li X, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhao T, Luo B, Liu T, Zhang S, Chi M, Cai C, Wei Z, Zhang P, Wang S, Nie S. Lightweight and Strong Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials Enabled by Cell Wall Nanoengineering. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3273-3281. [PMID: 38427598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
As intelligent technology surges forward, wearable electronics have emerged as versatile tools for monitoring health and sensing our surroundings. Among these advancements, porous triboelectric materials have garnered significant attention for their lightness. However, these materials face the challenge of improving structural stability to further enhance the sensing accuracy of triboelectric sensors. In this study, a lightweight and strong porous cellulosic triboelectric material is designed by cell wall nanoengineering. By tailoring of the cell wall structure, the material shows a high mechanical strength of 51.8 MPa. The self-powered sensor constructed by this material has a high sensitivity of 33.61 kPa-1, a fast response time of 36 ms, and excellent pressure detection durability. Notably, the sensor still enables a high sensing performance after the porous cellulosic triboelectric material exposure to 200 °C and achieves real-time feedback of human motion, thereby demonstrating great potential in the field of wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Li
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Bin Luo
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiting Wei
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Puyang Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
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Hu Y, Yang W, Wei W, Sun Z, Wu B, Li K, Li Y, Zhang Q, Xiao R, Hou C, Wang H. Phyto-inspired sustainable and high-performance fabric generators via moisture absorption-evaporation cycles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk4620. [PMID: 38198540 PMCID: PMC10780955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Collecting energy from the ubiquitous water cycle has emerged as a promising technology for power generation. Here, we have developed a sustainable moisture absorption-evaporation cycling fabric (Mac-fabric). On the basis of the cycling unidirectional moisture conduction in the fabric and charge separation induced by the negative charge channel, sustainable constant voltage power generation can be achieved. A single Mac-fabric can achieve a high power output of 0.144 W/m2 (5.76 × 102 W/m3) at 40% relative humidity (RH) and 20°C. By assembling 500 series and 300 parallel units of Mac-fabrics, a large-scale demo achieves 350 V of series voltage and 33.76 mA of parallel current at 25% RH and 20°C. Thousands of Mac-fabric units are sewn into a tent to directly power commercial electronic products such as mobile phones in outdoor environments. The lightweight (300 g/m2) and soft characteristics of the Mac-fabric make it ideal for large-area integration and energy collection in real circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Zhouquan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yaogang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Ru Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
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