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Wang Y, Li Y, Li C, Wang C, Zhou Q, Liang L, Zhang Z, Liu C, Yu W, Yu X, Gao P. Enhanced Electron Transport and Mitigated Voltage Loss in Perovskite Photovoltaics Using Sb 2O 5@SnO 2 Composite Electron Transport Layer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402531. [PMID: 38727180 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of electron transport layers (ETLs) is pivotal for optimizing the device performance of perovskite photovoltaic applications. However, colloidal dispersions of SnO2 are prone to aggregation and possess structural defects, such as terminal-hydroxyls (OHT) and oxygen vacancies (VOs), which can degrade the quality of ETLs, impede charge extraction and transport, and affect the nucleation and growth processes of the perovskite layer. In this study, the Sb(OH)4 - ions hydrolyzed from SbCl3 in colloidal dispersion can bind to defect sites and effectively stabilize the SnO2 nanocrystals are demonstrated. Upon oxidative annealing, a Sb2O5@SnO2 composite film is formed, in which the Sb2O5 not only mitigates the aforementioned defects but also broadens the energy range of unoccupied states through its dispersed conduction band. The increased electron affinity (EA) facilitates more efficient capture of photoexcited electrons from the perovskite layer, thus augmenting electron extraction and minimizing electron-hole recombination. As a result, a significant improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 22.60% to 24.54% is achieved, with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of up to 1.195 V, along with excellent stability of unsealed devices under various conditions. This study provides valuable insights for the understanding and design of ETLs in perovskite photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Can Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lusheng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xuteng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Wang X, Zhang C, Liu T, Qin S, Lin Z, Shi C, Zhao D, Zhao Z, Qin X, Li M, Wang Y. Efficient Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaics Through Surface State Manipulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311673. [PMID: 38420901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as the most promising avenue for the commercialization of PSCs due to their potential inherent stability. However, suboptimal interface contacts between electron transport layer (ETL) (such as C60) and the perovskite absorbing layer within inverted PSCs always result in reduced efficiency and poor stability. Herein, a surface state manipulation strategy has been developed by employing a highly electronegative 4-fluorophenethylamine hydrochloride (p-F-PEACl) to effectively address the issue of poor interface contacts in the inverted PSCs. The p-F-PEACl demonstrates a robust interaction with perovskite film through bonding of amino group and Cl- with I- and Pb2+ ions in the perovskite, respectively. As such, the surface defects of perovskite film can be significantly reduced, leading to suppressed non-radiative recombination. Moreover, p-F-PEACl also plays a dual role in enhancing the surface potential and improving energy-level alignment at the interfaces between the perovskite and C60 carrier transport layer, which directly contributes to efficient charge extraction. Finally, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of devices increases from 1.104 V to 1.157 V, leading to an overall efficiency improvement from 22.34% to 24.78%. Furthermore, the p-F-PEACl-treated PSCs also display excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Wang
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Shucheng Qin
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Zizhen Lin
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Congbo Shi
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Menglei Li
- Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advacned Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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3
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Ling X, Guo J, Li Y, Shen C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Wang H, Yuan X, Shi J, Li Y, Chen S, Yuan J, Deng Y. Chemical Bath Deposited Antimony Oxide Thin Films for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9065-9073. [PMID: 38985516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The metal oxide electron transport layers (ETLs) of n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are dominated by TiO2 and SnO2, while the efficacy of the other metal oxide ETLs still lags far behind. Herein, an emerging, economical, and environmentally friendly metal oxide, antimony oxide (Sb2Ox, x = 2.17), prepared by chemical bath deposition is reported as an alternative ETL for PSCs. The deposited Sb2Ox film is amorphous and very thin (∼10 nm) but conformal on rough fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates, showing matched energy levels, efficient electron extraction, and then reduced nonradiative recombination in PSCs. The champion PSC based on the Sb2Ox ETL delivers an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.7% under one sun illumination, which represents the state-of-the-art performance of all metal oxide ETL-based PSCs. Additionally, the Sb2Ox-based devices show improved operational and thermal stability compared to their SnO2-based counterparts. Armed with these findings, we believe this work offers an optional ETL for perovskites-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Ling
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yiping Li
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chengxia Shen
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiangbao Yuan
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Junwei Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yanshuang Li
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213332, China
| | - Shijian Chen
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213332, China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yehao Deng
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213332, China
- Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Zhao Q, Zhang B, Hui W, Su Z, Wang H, Zhang Q, Gao K, Zhang X, Li BH, Gao X, Wang X, De Wolf S, Wang K, Pang S. Oxygen Vacancy Mediation in SnO 2 Electron Transport Layers Enables Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19108-19117. [PMID: 38847788 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Previous findings have suggested a close association between oxygen vacancies in SnO2 and charge carrier recombination as well as perovskite decomposition at the perovskite/SnO2 interface. Underlying the fundamental mechanism holds great significance in achieving a more favorable balance between the efficiency and stability. In this study, we prepared three SnO2 samples with different oxygen vacancy concentrations and observed that a low oxygen vacancy concentration is conducive to long-term device stability. Iodide ions were observed to easily diffuse into regions with high oxygen vacancies, thereby speeding up the deprotonation of FAI, as made evident by the detection of the decomposition product formamide. In contrast, a high oxygen vacancy concentration in SnO2 could prevent hole injection, leading to a decrease in interfacial recombination losses. To suppress this decomposition reaction and address the trade-off, we designed a bilayer SnO2 structure to ensure highly efficient carrier transport still while maintaining a chemically inert surface. As a result, an enhanced efficiency of 25.06% (certified at 24.55% with an active area of 0.09 cm2 under fast scan) was achieved, and the extended operational stability maintained 90% of their original efficiency (24.52%) after continuous operation for nearly 2000 h. Additionally, perovskite submodules with an active area of 14 cm2 were successfully assembled with a PCE of up to 22.96% (20.09% with an aperture area).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hui
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Management, Xián Polytechnic University, Xián 710048, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Han Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, and KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Pang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
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Guo J, Wang B, Min J, Shi J, Wang Y, Ling X, Shi Y, Ullah I, Chu D, Ma W, Yuan J. Stabilizing Lead Halide Perovskites via an Organometallic Chemical Bridge for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39018431 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Defects around the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films normally cause severe nonradiative recombination and imbalanced charge carrier transport, further limiting both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To tackle this critical issue, we propose a chemical bridge strategy to reconstruct the interface using organometallic molecules. The commercially available molecule bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (FcP2), with a unique bridge molecular structure, anchors and chelates Pb atoms by forming strong Pb-P bonds and further passivates both surfaces and grain boundaries. Detailed characterization revealed that bridge molecule FcP2 reconstruction can effectively suppress nonradiative recombination, and the electron delocalization properties of the ferrocene core can further achieve more balanced interfacial carrier transport. The resultant N-i-P PSC device outputs close to 25% efficiency together with one of the best reported operational stabilities, maintaining over 95% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous operation at the maximum power point under 1-sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Junwei Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Ling
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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6
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Fan Z, Lu Z, Zhan S, Zhang T. Sabatier phenomenon in chemoselective gas-sensing reactions induced by Ag cluster coordination. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:993-1003. [PMID: 38964003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The Sabatier principle in heterogeneous catalysis provides guidance for designing optimal catalysts with the highest activity. We report a new Sabatier phenomenon induced by nanoclusters on different atomic scales in gas-sensitive reactions. We prepared a series of Ag nanocluster catalysts with coordination structures ranging from Ag0 to Ag13 through a surface coordination strategy. When used as catalysts for gas-sensitive reactions, a volcano-type relationship between the coordination number of Ag nanoclusters and gas-sensitive activity emerges, with a summit at a moderate coordination of Ag5. Mechanistic studies show that the efficient adsorption of activated *C2H6O on electron-rich Ag5 clusters is a key factor for the Sabatier phenomenon (adsorption energy from -0.322 eV to -0.663 eV), which leads to highly selective sensing. We found that the catalyst electron-rich surface layer induced by Ag5 clusters serves as a descriptor to explain the structure-activity relationship. Furthermore, due to the well-defined geometric and electronic structures in the Ag5 clusters, the optimized catalyst achieves both maximum activity and selectivity in chemoselective sensing reactions. This study reveals the Sabatier principle and provides insightful guidance for the rational design of more efficient and practical nanocluster catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Fan
- Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin, 300382, PR China.
| | - Zhibao Lu
- Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin, 300382, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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7
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Cui A, Liu S, Hong S, Li H, Wang L, Yang S. Chemical bath deposition of SnO 2films on PEN/ITO substrates for efficient flexible perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:375401. [PMID: 38861979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) have achieved significant success. However, high-quality tin dioxide (SnO2) electron transport layers (ETLs) fabricated via chemical bath deposition (CBD) have not been achieved on flexible PEN/ITO substrates. This limitation is primarily due to the corrosion of the poor-quality ITO layer by the strongly acidic CBD solution. Here, we analyzed the reasons for the poor corrosion resistance of ITO films on PEN substrate from multiple perspectives, such as element composition, microstructure, and crystallinity. Then, we proposed a modified CBD method for SnO2films suitable for flexible PEN/ITO substrates. We employed SnCl2·2H2O as the tin source and regulated the pH of the CBD solution by NH3·H2O, which effectively avoided the corrosion of the ITO layer by the CBD solution and achieved high-quality SnO2films on the ITO layers. Compared to the commercial SnO2dispersion, the SnO2films prepared by this method have smaller grains and higher transmittance. As a result, we achieved an unprecedented power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.71% for f-PSCs fabricated on PEN/ITO substrates with SnO2ETLs by CBD method. This breakthrough facilitates the development of high-performance f-PSCs by a low-cost and large-scale chemical bath deposition of high-quality ETLs on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, People's Republic of China
| | - Suolan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Songwang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, People's Republic of China
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8
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Gao G, Zhang Q, Deng K, Li L. Residual Stress Mitigation in Perovskite Solar Cells via Butterfly-Inspired Hierarchical PbI 2 Scaffold. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15003-15012. [PMID: 38816680 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Residual stress in metal halide perovskite films intimately affects the photovoltaic figure of merit and longevity of perovskite solar cells. A delicate management of the crystallization kinetics is critical to the preparation of high-quality perovskite films. Only very limited methods, however, are available to regulate the residual stress of a perovskite film in a controllable manner, particularly for a perovskite film fabricated by a two-step method. Here, we demonstrate the construction of a hierarchical PbI2 scaffold inspired by Archaeoprepona demophon butterfly by combining an interlayer guided growth of porous structure and nanoimprinting. The hierarchically structured PbI2 that emulates the physical structure of the butterfly wing scale permits unimpeded permeation of organic amine salts and sufficient space for volume expansion during the crystallization process, accompanied by preferential perovskite growth of a defectless (001) crystal plane. The optimized perovskite film outperforms the control with reduced residual stress and defect density. Consequently, perovskite solar cells with a respectable power conversion efficiency reaching 23.4% (certified 23%) and an impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.184 V can be achieved. The target device can maintain 80% of initial efficiency after maximum power point tracking under illumination for 700 h. This work expands the range of engineering toward PbI2 by exploring a simultaneously tailored morphology and crystallinity and highlights the significance of a hierarchical PbI2 scaffold as an alternative choice to mitigate residual stress in a two-step processed perovskite active layer and boost the longevity of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinchao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaimo Deng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
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9
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Deng P, Dai W, Gou Y, Zhang W, Xiao Z, He S, Xie X, Zhang K, Li J, Wang X, Lin L. Improving Thermal Stability of High-Efficiency Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells via Chloride Additive Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29338-29346. [PMID: 38770998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tin dioxide (SnO2), in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), stands out as the material most suited to the electron transport layer (ETL), yielding advantages with regard to ease of preparation, high mobility, and favorable energy level alignment. Nonetheless, there is a chance that energy losses from defects in the SnO2 and interface will result in a reduction in the Voc. Consequently, optimizing the interfaces within solar cell devices is a key to augmenting both the efficiency and the stability of PSCs. Herein this present study, we introduced butylammonium chloride (BACl) into the SnO2 ETL. The resulting optimized SnO2 film mitigated interface defect density, thereby improving charge extraction. The robust bonding capability of negatively charged Cl- ions facilitated their binding with noncoordinated Sn4+ ions, effectively passivating defects associated with oxygen vacancies and enhancing charge transport within the SnO2 ETL. Concurrently, doped BA+ and Cl- diffused into the perovskite lattice, fostering perovskite grain growth and reducing the defects in perovskite. In comparison to the control device, the Voc saw a 70 mV increase, achieving a champion efficiency of 22.86%. Additionally, following 1000 h of ambient storage, the unencapsulated device based on SnO2 preburied with BACl retained around 90% of its initial photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Deng
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Weideren Dai
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Yanzhuo Gou
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Zichen Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Shihao He
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Xian Xie
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Liangyou Lin
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062 China
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10
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Zhang X, Gang Y, Jiang S, Li M, Xue H, Li X. One-Stone-for-Two-Birds Method to Improve the SnO 2 Layers for High Power-per-Weight Flexible Perovskite Solar Cell Mini-modules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27368-27380. [PMID: 38747540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of flexible perovskite solar cells (fPSCs) while decreasing their weight is essential to utilize their lightweight and flexibility as much as possible for commercialization. Strengthening the interfaces between functional layers, such as flexible substrates, charge transport layers, and perovskite active layers, is critical to addressing the issue. Herein, we propose a feasible and one-stone-for-two-birds method to improve the electron transport layer (ETL), SnO2, and the interface between the ETL and perovskite layer simultaneously. In detail, poly(acrylate ammonium) (PAAm), a low-cost polymer with a long chain structure, is added into the SnO2 aqueous solution to reduce the aggregation of SnO2 nanoparticles, resulting in the deposition of a conformal and high-quality ETL film on the tin-doped indium oxide film surface. Simultaneously, PAAm addition can effectively regulate the crystallization of the perovskite films, strengthening the interface between the SnO2 film and the buried surface of the perovskite layer. The outstanding PCEs of 22.41% on small-scale fPSCs and 18.54% on fPSC mini-modules are among the state-of-the-art n-i-p type fPSCs. Moreover, the fPSC mini-module on the 20 μm-thick flexible substrate shows a comparable PCE with that of the fPSC mini-module on the 125 μm-thick flexible substrate, exhibiting a high power-to-weight of 5.097 W/g. This work provides an easy but essential direction for further applications of fPSCs in diverse scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yong Gang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shusen Jiang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingpo Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao Xue
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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11
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Xie H, Que W. Solvothermal synthesis of SnO 2 nanoparticles for perovskite solar cells application. Front Chem 2024; 12:1361275. [PMID: 38348406 PMCID: PMC10859403 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1361275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells show great potential application prospects in the field of solar cells due to their promising properties. However, most perovskite solar cells that exhibit excellent photovoltaic performance typically require a carrier transport layer that necessitates a high-temperature annealing process. This greatly restricts the scalability and compatibility of perovskite solar cells in flexible electronics. In this paper, SnO2 nanoparticles with high crystallinity, good dispersibility and uniform particle size distribution are first prepared using a solvothermal method and dispersed in n-butanol solution. SnO2 electron transport layers are then prepared by a low-temperature spin coating method, and the photovoltaic characteristics of perovskite solar cells prepared with different SnO2 nanoparticles/n-butanol concentrations are studied. Results indicate that the rigid perovskite solar cell achieves the highest power conversion efficiency of 15.61% when the concentration of SnO2 nanoparticles/n-butanol is 15 mg mL-1. Finally, our strategy is successfully applying on flexible perovskite solar cells with a highest PCE of 14.75%. Our paper offers a new possibility for large-scale preparation and application of perovskite solar cells in flexible electronics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xie
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Electronic Materials and Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenxiu Que
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Electronic Materials and Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Zainal Abidin NA, Arith F, Noorasid NS, Sarkawi H, Mustafa AN, Safie NE, Shah ASM, Azam MA, Chelvanathan P, Amin N. Dopant engineering for ZnO electron transport layer towards efficient perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33797-33819. [PMID: 38020037 PMCID: PMC10654892 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional electron transport layer (ETL) TiO2 has been widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have produced exceptional power conversion efficiencies (PCE), allowing the technology to be highly regarded and propitious. Nevertheless, the recent high demand for energy harvesters in wearable electronics, aerospace, and building integration has led to the need for flexible solar cells. However, the conventional TiO2 ETL layer is less preferred, where a crystallization process at a temperature as high as 450 °C is required, which degrades the plastic substrate. Zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) as a simple and low-cost fabrication material may fulfil the need as an ETL, but they still suffer from low PCE due to atomic defect vacancy. To delve into the issue, several dopants have been reviewed as an additive to passivate or substitute the Zn2+ vacancies, thus enhancing the charge transport mechanism. This work thereby unravels and provides a clear insight into dopant engineering in ZnO NRs ETL for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Aliyah Zainal Abidin
- Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - Faiz Arith
- Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - N Syamimi Noorasid
- Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - Hafez Sarkawi
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - A Nizamuddin Mustafa
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - N E Safie
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100 Melaka Malaysia
| | - A S Mohd Shah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang Kuantan Pahang 26300 Malaysia
| | - M A Azam
- Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
- Center for Promotion of Educational Innovation, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | | | - Nowshad Amin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Science Engineering and Technology (USTC) Foy's Lake Chattogram 4202 Bangladesh
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