Discovery of molecular ferroelectric catalytic annulation for quinolines

Ferroelectrics as emerging and attractive catalysts have shown tremendous potential for applications including wastewater treatment, hydrogen production, nitrogen fixation, and organic synthesis, etc. In this study, we demonstrate that molecular ferroelectric crystal TMCM-CdCl3 (TMCM = trimethylchloromethylammonium) with multiaxial ferroelectricity and superior piezoelectricity has an effective catalytic activity on the direct construction of the pharmacologically important substituted quinoline derivatives via one-pot [3 + 2 + 1] annulation of anilines and terminal alkynes by using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the carbon source. The recrystallized TMCM-CdCl3 crystals from DMF remain well ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Upon ultrasonic condition, periodic changes in polarization contribute to the release of free charges from the surface of the ferroelectric domains in nano size, which then quickly interacts with the substrates in the solution to trigger the pivotal redox process. Our work advances the molecular ferroelectric crystal as a catalytic route to organic synthesis, not only providing valuable direction for molecular ferroelectrics but also further enriching the executable range of ferroelectric catalysis.

Poly lactic acid production using the ring opening polymerization (ROP) method using Lewis acid surfactant combined iron (Fe) catalyst (Fe(DS)3)

LASC catalyst synthesis process was carried out using iron metal (Fe) and its characterization properties were tested. There are five stages carried out, namely, the manufacture of the LASC Fe(DS)3 catalyst, lactic acid dehydration, polycondensation of lactic acid into l-lactic acid oligomers (OLLA), depolymerization of oligomers into l-lactide, and the ROP process to convert l-lactide into Polymers. l-lactic acid (PLLA). The analysis used is as follows, Karl-Fisher; Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR); and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HNMR); Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC); Thermogravimetry Gravity Analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Based on the experimental results, the catalyst Fe(DS)₃ has a crystallinity value of 24% which indicates an amorphous nature and is easy to react. The value of the thermal stability of the catalyst is at 180 °C where the catalyst is able to process up to a temperature of 180 ^°C. Each step of the ROP is validated by FTIR analysis which shows that the components of the group are in accordance with the expected product. The comparison of the crystallinity values of PLA produced with FeCl₃ and Fe(DS)₃ were 37.5 and 49%, respectively. Melting temperature (Tm) values are 111 and 107 ^°C, respectively, Td values are 327 and 352 °C, and the resulting molecular weights are 23,720 and 20,232 g/mol. Based on the results obtained, it can be seen that the use of a LASC catalyst in the form of Fe(DS)₃ is more effective than without using a LASC catalyst.

Organocatalysis and Beyond: Activating Reactions with Two Catalytic Species

Since the beginning of the millennium, organocatalysis has been gaining a predominant role in asymmetric synthesis and it is, nowadays, a foundation of catalysis. Synergistic catalysis, combining two or more different catalytic cycles acting in concert, exploits the vast knowledge acquired in organocatalysis and other fields to perform reactions that would be otherwise impossible. Merging organocatalysis with photo-, metallo- and organocatalysis itself, researchers have ingeniously devised a range of activations. This feature review, focusing on selected synergistic catalytic approaches, aims to provide a flavor of the creativity and innovation in the area, showing ground-breaking examples of organocatalysts, such as proline derivatives, hydrogen bond-mediated, Cinchona alkaloids or phosphoric acids catalysts, which work cooperatively with different catalytic partners.

The fluorescent biomarkers for lipid droplets with quinolone-coumarin unit

Two dyes with high quantum yields were designed and synthesized for imaging lipid droplets in living and fixed cells.

Catalytic Organic Reactions in Water toward Sustainable Society

Traditional organic synthesis relies heavily on organic solvents for a multitude of tasks, including dissolving the components and facilitating chemical reactions, because many reagents and reactive species are incompatible or immiscible with water. Given that they are used in vast quantities as compared to reactants, solvents have been the focus of environmental concerns. Along with reducing the environmental impact of organic synthesis, the use of water as a reaction medium also benefits chemical processes by simplifying operations, allowing mild reaction conditions, and sometimes delivering unforeseen reactivities and selectivities. After the "watershed" in organic synthesis revealed the importance of water, the development of water-compatible catalysts has flourished, triggering a quantum leap in water-centered organic synthesis. Given that organic compounds are typically practically insoluble in water, simple extractive workup can readily separate a water-soluble homogeneous catalyst as an aqueous solution from a product that is soluble in organic solvents. In contrast, the use of heterogeneous catalysts facilitates catalyst recycling by allowing simple centrifugation and filtration methods to be used. This Review addresses advances over the past decade in catalytic reactions using water as a reaction medium.

α,β-Functionalization of saturated ketones with anthranils via Cu-catalyzed sequential dehydrogenation/aza-Michael addition/annulation cascade reactions in one-pot

An efficient method to access functionalized quinolines from the readily available saturated ketones and anthranils have been explored.

A Novel Route for the Synthesis of 3-(pyrrol-1-yl)-indolin-2-ones

A high yielding environmentally benign protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 3-(pyrrol-1-yl)-indolin-2-ones using a Lewis acid surfactant combined catalyst in water.

Efficient solvent-free synthesis of phytostanyl esters in the presence of acid-surfactant-combined catalyst

An efficient approach based on the synthesis of phytostanyl esters with an acid-surfactant-combined catalyst in a solvent-free system was developed. The effect of catalyst dose, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature, and acyl donor was considered. The reaction conditions were further optimized by response surface methodology, and a high yield of phytostanyl laurate (>92%) was obtained under optimum conditions: 3.17:1 molar ratio of lauric acid to plant stanols, 4.01% catalyst dose (w/w), 119 °C, and 4.1 h. FT-IR, MS, and NMR were adopted to confirm the chemical structure of phytostanyl laurate. Meanwhile, the physiochemical properties of different phytostanyl esters were investigated. Compared with phytostanols, the prepared phytostanyl esters had much lower melting temperature and higher oil solubility. There was no obvious difference in melting and solidification properties between sunflower oil with phytostanyl laurate (<5%) or oleate (<10%) and the original sunflower oil, suggesting that the esterification of phytostanols greatly facilitated their corporation into oil-based foods.

Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate is an excellent, general catalyst for the Friedländer and Friedländer-Borsche quinoline syntheses: very efficient access to the antitumor alkaloid luotonin A

The use of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as a catalyst of the Friedländer reaction allows the synthesis of polysubstituted quinoline derivatives in excellent yields, avoiding the traditional harshly basic or acidic conditions. Unlike most other previously known reagents, CAN allows double condensations and is also an excellent catalyst for the Borsche variation of the Friedländer reaction, which has been applied to the very efficient synthesis of the antitumor alkaloid luotonin A.

Phosphotungstic acid: an efficient, cost-effective and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines

Phosphotungstic acid (H(3)PW(12)O(40)) was used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines through the Friedländer condensation of 2-aminoarylketone with carbonyl compounds, which was achieved by conventional heating under solvent-free conditions.