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Huang K, Parmeggiani F, Pallister E, Huang CJ, Liu FF, Li Q, Birmingham WR, Both P, Thomas B, Liu L, Voglmeir J, Flitsch SL. Characterisation of a Bacterial Galactokinase with High Activity and Broad Substrate Tolerance for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 6-Aminogalactose-1-Phosphate and Analogues. Chembiochem 2018; 19:388-394. [PMID: 29193544 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl phosphates are important intermediates in many metabolic pathways and are substrates for diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes. Thus, there is a need to develop libraries of structurally similar analogues that can be used as selective chemical probes in glycomics. Here, we explore chemoenzymatic cascades for the fast generation of glycosyl phosphate libraries without protecting-group strategies. The key enzyme is a new bacterial galactokinase (LgGalK) cloned from Leminorella grimontii, which was produced in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyse 1-phosphorylation of galactose. LgGalK displayed a broad substrate tolerance, being able to catalyse the 1-phosphorylation of a number of galactose analogues, including 3-deoxy-3-fluorogalactose and 4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose, which were first reported to be substrates for wild-type galactokinase. LgGalK and galactose oxidase variant M1 were combined in a one-pot, two-step system to synthesise 6-oxogalactose-1-phosphate and 6-oxo-2-fluorogalactose-1-phosphate, which were subsequently used to produce a panel of 30 substituted 6-aminogalactose-1-phosphate derivatives by chemical reductive amination in a one-pot, three-step chemoenzymatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Edward Pallister
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Chuen-Jiuan Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Li
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - William R Birmingham
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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Laaf D, Bojarová P, Pelantová H, Křen V, Elling L. Tailored Multivalent Neo-Glycoproteins: Synthesis, Evaluation, and Application of a Library of Galectin-3-Binding Glycan Ligands. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2832-2840. [PMID: 28976746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family, is a tumor biomarker and involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Gal-3 is therefore considered as a promising target for early cancer diagnosis and anticancer therapy. We here present the synthesis of a library of tailored multivalent neo-glycoproteins and evaluate their Gal-3 binding properties. By the combinatorial use of glycosyltransferases and chemo-enzymatic reactions, we first synthesized a set of N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1,4GlcNAc; LacNAc type 2)-based oligosaccharides featuring five different terminating glycosylation epitopes, respectively. Neo-glycosylation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was accomplished by dialkyl squarate coupling to lysine residues resulting in a library of defined multivalent neo-glycoproteins. Solid-phase binding assays with immobilized neo-glycoproteins revealed distinct affinity and specificity of the multivalent glycan epitopes for Gal-3 binding. In particular, neo-glycoproteins decorated with N',N″-diacetyllactosamine (GalNAcβ1,4GlcNAc; LacdiNAc) epitopes showed high selectivity and were demonstrated to capture Gal-3 from human serum with high affinity. Furthermore, neo-glycoproteins with terminal biotinylated LacNAc glycan motif could be utilized as Gal-3 detection agents in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format. We conclude that, in contrast to antibody-based capture steps, the presented neo-glycoproteins are highly useful to detect functionally intact Gal-3 with high selectivity and avidity. We further gain novel insights into the binding affinity of Gal-3 using tailored multivalent neo-glycoproteins, which have the potential for an application in the context of cancer-related biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Henze M, Schmidtke S, Hoffmann N, Steffens H, Pietruszka J, Elling L. Combination of Glycosyltransferases and a Glycosynthase in Sequential and One-Pot Reactions for the Synthesis of Type 1 and Type 2N-Acetyllactosamine Oligomers. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manja Henze
- Laboratory for Biomaterials; Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstrasse 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Simon Schmidtke
- Laboratory for Biomaterials; Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstrasse 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Natalie Hoffmann
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Stetternicher Forst Gebäude 15.8 52426 Jülich Germany
| | - Hanna Steffens
- Laboratory for Biomaterials; Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstrasse 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Stetternicher Forst Gebäude 15.8 52426 Jülich Germany
- IBG-1: Biotechnology; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials; Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Pauwelsstrasse 20 52074 Aachen Germany
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Pickl M, Fuchs M, Glueck SM, Faber K. The substrate tolerance of alcohol oxidases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6617-42. [PMID: 26153139 PMCID: PMC4513209 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohols are a rich source of compounds from renewable sources, but they have to be activated in order to allow the modification of their carbon backbone. The latter can be achieved via oxidation to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. As an alternative to (thermodynamically disfavoured) nicotinamide-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, alcohol oxidases make use of molecular oxygen but their application is under-represented in synthetic biotransformations. In this review, the mechanism of copper-containing and flavoprotein alcohol oxidases is discussed in view of their ability to accept electronically activated or non-activated alcohols and their propensity towards over-oxidation of aldehydes yielding carboxylic acids. In order to facilitate the selection of the optimal enzyme for a given biocatalytic application, the substrate tolerance of alcohol oxidases is compiled and discussed: Substrates are classified into groups (non-activated prim- and sec-alcohols; activated allylic, cinnamic and benzylic alcohols; hydroxy acids; sugar alcohols; nucleotide alcohols; sterols) together with suitable alcohol oxidases, their microbial source, relative activities and (stereo)selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pickl
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
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Šimonová A, Kupper CE, Böcker S, Müller A, Hofbauerová K, Pelantová H, Elling L, Křen V, Bojarová P. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of LacdiNAc dimers of varying length as novel galectin ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Adamiak K, Anders T, Henze M, Keul H, Möller M, Elling L. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of functionalized oligomers of N-acetyllactosamine glycan derivatives and their immobilization on biomaterial surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Kupper CE, Rosencrantz RR, Henßen B, Pelantová H, Thönes S, Drozdová A, Křen V, Elling L. Chemo-enzymatic modification of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) based on galactose oxidase treatment. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:712-25. [PMID: 23015818 PMCID: PMC3388858 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of glycans in biological systems is highlighted by their various functions in physiological and pathological processes. Many glycan epitopes on glycoproteins and glycolipids are based on N-acetyllactosamine units (LacNAc; Galβ1,4GlcNAc) and often present on extended poly-LacNAc glycans ([Galβ1,4GlcNAc](n)). Poly-LacNAc itself has been identified as a binding motif of galectins, an important class of lectins with functions in immune response and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the synthesis of natural and modified poly-LacNAc glycans is of specific interest for binding studies with galectins as well as for studies of their possible therapeutic applications. We present the oxidation by galactose oxidase and subsequent chemical or enzymatic modification of terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) oligomers and N,N-diacetyllactosamine (LacDiNAc) by galactose oxidase. Product formation starting from different poly-LacNAc oligomers was characterised and optimised regarding formation of the C6-aldo product. Further modification of the aldehyde containing glycans, either by chemical conversion or enzymatic elongation, was established. Base-catalysed β-elimination, coupling of biotin-hydrazide with subsequent reduction to the corresponding hydrazine linkage, and coupling by reductive amination to an amino-functionalised poly-LacNAc oligomer were performed and the products characterised by LC-MS and NMR analysis. Remarkably, elongation of terminally oxidised poly-LacNAc glycans by β3GlcNAc- and β4Gal-transferase was also successful. In this way, a set of novel, modified poly-LacNAc oligomers containing terminally and/or internally modified galactose residues were obtained, which can be used for binding studies and various other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E Kupper
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Ruben R Rosencrantz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Birgit Henßen
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Thönes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Anna Drozdová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, CZ 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, Aachen, 52074, Germany
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Rech C, Rosencrantz RR, Křenek K, Pelantová H, Bojarová P, Römer CE, Hanisch FG, Křen V, Elling L. Combinatorial One-Pot Synthesis of Poly-N-acetyllactosamine Oligosaccharides with Leloir-Glycosyltransferases. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Drozdová A, Bojarová P, Křenek K, Weignerová L, Henßen B, Elling L, Christensen H, Jensen HH, Pelantová H, Kuzma M, Bezouška K, Krupová M, Adámek D, Slámová K, Křen V. Enzymatic synthesis of dimeric glycomimetic ligands of NK cell activation receptors. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1599-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Monti D, Ottolina G, Carrea G, Riva S. Redox Reactions Catalyzed by Isolated Enzymes. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4111-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100334x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ottolina
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carrea
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
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Kalaitzakis D, Smonou I. A Two-Step, One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,3-Diols. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8658-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101519t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioulia Smonou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece
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12
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Bojarova P, Krenek K, Wetjen K, Adamiak K, Pelantova H, Bezouska K, Elling L, Kren V. Synthesis of LacdiNAc-terminated glycoconjugates by mutant galactosyltransferase - A way to new glycodrugs and materials. Glycobiology 2009; 19:509-17. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Sauerzapfe B, Krenek K, Schmiedel J, Wakarchuk WW, Pelantová H, Kren V, Elling L. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) structures and their characterization for CGL2-galectin-mediated binding of ECM glycoproteins to biomaterial surfaces. Glycoconj J 2008; 26:141-59. [PMID: 18758940 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) structures have been identified as important ligands for galectin-mediated cell adhesion to extra-cellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We here present the biofunctionalization of surfaces with poly-LacNAc structures and subsequent binding of ECM glycoproteins. First, we synthesized beta-GlcNAc glycosides carrying a linker for controlled coupling onto chemically functionalized surfaces. Then we produced poly-LacNAc structures with defined lengths using human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-1 and beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori. These compounds were also used for kinetic characterization of glycosyltransferases and lectin binding assays. A mixture of poly-LacNAc-structures covalently coupled to functionalized microtiter plates were identified for best binding to our model galectin His(6)CGL2. We further demonstrate for the first time that these poly-LacNAc surfaces are suitable for further galectin-mediated binding of the ECM glycoproteins laminin and fibronectin. This new technology should facilitate cell adhesion to biofunctionalized surfaces by imitating the natural ECM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Sauerzapfe
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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