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Bensalah D, Mansour L, Sauthier M, Gurbuz N, Özdemir I, Beji L, Gatri R, Hamdi N. Plausible PEPPSI catalysts for direct C-H functionalization of five-membered heterocyclic bioactive motifs: synthesis, spectral, X-ray crystallographic characterizations and catalytic activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31386-31410. [PMID: 37941793 PMCID: PMC10628855 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of benzimidazolium salts were synthesized as asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors. Nine novel palladium complexes with the general formula [PdX2(NHC)(pyridine)] were synthesized using benzimidazolium salts in the PEPPSI (Pyridine Enhanced Precatalyst Preparation, Stabilization and Initiation) theme. All synthesized Pd(ii) complexes are stable. The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized by respective spectroscopic techniques, such as 1HNMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. The geometric structure of the palladium N-heterocyclic carbene has been optimized in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP-D3 dispersion functional with LANL2DZ as a basis set. The on/off mechanism of pyridine assisted Pd-NHC complexes made them the best C-H functionalized catalysts for regioselective C-5 arylated products. Five membered heterocyclic compounds such as 2-acetyl furan, furfuryl acetate 2-acetylthiophene and N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde were treated with numerous aryl bromides and arylchlorides under optimal catalytic reaction conditions. Interestingly, all the prepared catalysts possessed essential structural features that facilitated the formation of desired coupling products in quantitative yield with excellent selectivity. The arylation reaction of bromoacetophenone was highly catalytically active with only 1 mol% catalyst loading at 150 °C for 2 hours. To check the efficiency of the synthesized complexes, three different five member heterocyclic substrates (2-acetylfuran, 2-acetylthiophen, 2-propylthaizole) were tested with a number of aryl bromides bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on para position. The data in Tables 2-4. Indicated that electron-donating groups on the para position of aryl halide decreased the catalytic conversion while electron-withdrawing groups increased the catalytic conversion this was due to the high nucleophilicity of the electron-donating substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Bensalah
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Hammam-Lif Tunisia +96 6556394839
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathieu Sauthier
- Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Lille, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, USTL BP 90108, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59652 France
| | - Nevin Gurbuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University Malatya 44280 Turkey
- İnönü University, Catalysis Research and Application Center Malatya 44280 Turkey
| | - Lotfi Beji
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences and Arts at Arras, Qassim University Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafik Gatri
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique Sélective et Hétérocyclique Évaluation Biologique LR17ES01 Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Campus Universitaire, Université de Tunis El Manar 1092 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Hammam-Lif Tunisia +96 6556394839
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2
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Horbaczewskyj CS, Fairlamb IJS. Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: On the Importance of the Catalyst Quantity Descriptors, mol % and ppm. Org Process Res Dev 2022; 26:2240-2269. [PMID: 36032362 PMCID: PMC9396667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
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This Review examines parts per million (ppm) palladium
concentrations
in catalytic cross-coupling reactions and their relationship with
mole percentage (mol %). Most studies in catalytic cross-coupling
chemistry have historically focused on the concentration ratio between
(pre)catalyst and the limiting reagent (substrate), expressed as mol
%. Several recent papers have outlined the use of “ppm level”
palladium as an alternative means of describing catalytic cross-coupling
reaction systems. This led us to delve deeper into the literature
to assess whether “ppm level” palladium is a practically
useful descriptor of catalyst quantities in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling
reactions. Indeed, we conjectured that many reactions could, unknowingly,
have employed low “ppm levels” of palladium (pre)catalyst,
and generally, what would the spread of ppm palladium look like across
a selection of studies reported across the vast array of the cross-coupling
chemistry literature. In a few selected examples, we have examined
other metal catalyst systems for comparison with palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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3
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Zheng DZ, Li DH, Liu H, Shao Y, Ke Z, Liu FS. Bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN)-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes with Ancillary Ligands: Readily Activated Precatalysts for Direct C–H Arylation of Thiophenes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Zhong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Dong-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
| | - Youxiang Shao
- School of Materials Science &Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science &Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
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4
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Baran A, Babkova M, Petkus J, Shubin K. Suzuki–Miyaura arylation of 2,3‐, 2,4‐, 2,5‐ and 3,4‐dibromothiophenes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Baran
- Experimental Synthesis and Technology Group Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga Latvia
| | - Mariia Babkova
- Experimental Synthesis and Technology Group Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga Latvia
- Current affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal‐Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Jana Petkus
- Experimental Synthesis and Technology Group Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga Latvia
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Latvia Riga Latvia
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Experimental Synthesis and Technology Group Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis Riga Latvia
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5
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Kanai Y, Müller‐Borges D, Plenio H. The Regioselective Arylation of 1,3‐Benzodioxoles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kanai
- Organometallic Chemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Dorian Müller‐Borges
- Organometallic Chemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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6
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Synthesis of [PdBr2(benzimidazole-2-ylidene)(pyridine)] complexes and their catalytic activity in the direct C H bond activation of 2-substituted heterocycles. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Özdemir N, Özdemir İ. The first use of [PdBr2(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(pyridine)] catalysts in the direct C-H bond arylation of C2-substituted furan and thiophene. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Yıldırım İ, Özdemir N, Özdemir İ. Palladium-carbene catalyzed direct arylation of five-membered heteroaromatics. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Kaloğlu M, Gürbüz N, Yıldırım İ, Özdemir N, Özdemir İ. Well‐defined PEPPSI‐themed palladium–NHC complexes: synthesis, and catalytic application in the direct arylation of heteroarenes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaloğlu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistryİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Centerİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistryİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Centerİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - İlkay Yıldırım
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of RadiotherapyBiruni University 34010 İstanbul Turkey
| | - Namık Özdemir
- Faculty of Education Department of Mathematics and Science EducationOndokuz Mayıs University 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistryİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Centerİnönü University 44280 Malatya Turkey
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10
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Zhang H, Li BX, Wong B, Stumpf A, Sowell CG, Gosselin F. Convergent Synthesis of PI3K Inhibitor GDC-0908 Featuring Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C-H Arylation toward Dihydrobenzothienooxepines. J Org Chem 2018; 84:4796-4802. [PMID: 30543748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A practical convergent synthesis of PI3K inhibitor GDC-0908 (1) is described. The process features a dihydrobenzothienooxepine formation via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct C-H arylation and a Negishi coupling to construct the key C-C bonds. We further developed a general synthesis of dihydrobenzothienooxepines in good to excellent yields via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct C-H arylation, which tolerates both electronically and sterically diverse substituents on the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Beryl X Li
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Brian Wong
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Andreas Stumpf
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - C Gregory Sowell
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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11
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12
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13
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Kaloğlu M, Kaloğlu N, Özdemir İ. Direct C-H Bond Arylation of C2-Blocked Pyrrole with Aryl Halides Using Palladium(II)-N
-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaloğlu
- Department of Chemistry; İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts; 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center; İnönü University; 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - Nazan Kaloğlu
- Department of Chemistry; İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts; 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center; İnönü University; 44280 Malatya Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry; İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Arts; 44280 Malatya Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center; İnönü University; 44280 Malatya Turkey
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14
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Ahmed J, Sau SC, P S, Hota PK, Vardhanapu PK, Vijaykumar G, Mandal SK. Direct C-H Arylation of Heteroarenes with Aryl Chlorides by Using an Abnormal N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Palladium Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; 741246 Mohanpur India
| | - Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; 741246 Mohanpur India
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; 741246 Mohanpur India
| | - Pradip Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; 741246 Mohanpur India
| | - Pavan K. Vardhanapu
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; 741246 Mohanpur India
| | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; 741246 Mohanpur India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; 741246 Mohanpur India
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15
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Bisht R, M. K. MF, Singh AK, Nithyanandhan J. Panchromatic Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes Incorporating Benzodithiophene π-Spacer with Alkyl Chains to Extend Conjugation, Control the Dye Assembly on TiO2, and Retard Charge Recombination. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1920-1930. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bisht
- Physical
and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Munavvar Fairoos M. K.
- Physical
and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Physical
and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical
and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
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16
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N-Heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II)-1-methylimidazole complex catalyzed C H bond arylation of (benzo)thiophenes with aryl chlorides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Saini KM, Saunthwal RK, Verma AK. Pd-Catalyzed one-pot sequential cross-coupling reactions of tetrabromothiophene. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:10289-10298. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02601c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical one-pot sequential cross-coupling reactions of sterically hindered tetrabromothiophene with arylboronic acid and an alkyne/alkene to afford selective bi-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted aryl/alkynyl-thiophenes with the aid of a palladium catalyst were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Mohan Saini
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi
- India
| | - Rakesh K. Saunthwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi
- India
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi
- India
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18
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Grolleau J, Gohier F, Cabanetos C, Allain M, Legoupy S, Frère P. Syntheses via a direct arylation method of push-pull molecules based on triphenylamine and 3-cyano-4-hexyloxythiophene moieties. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10516-10522. [PMID: 27766343 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic access to new push-pull molecules based on 3-cyano-4-hexyloxythiophene and triphenylamine moieties is presented herein using a clean methodology. The key step involves a direct heteroarylation coupling reaction in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous [Pd] catalyst followed by Knoevenagel condensation performed in ethanol as a solvent. Structure-electronic property relationships of the new molecular materials are discussed and then their use as donors in bilayer planar heterojunction solar cells is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Grolleau
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Gohier
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
| | - Clément Cabanetos
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
| | - Magali Allain
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
| | - Stéphanie Legoupy
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Frère
- University of Angers, MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex, France.
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Bura T, Blaskovits JT, Leclerc M. Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization: Trends and Perspectives. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10056-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bura
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | | | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
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20
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Rajkumar V, Naveen, Babu SA. Palladium(II)-Promoted Directing Group-Enabled Regioselective C-H Arylation of The C-3 Position of 2- or 3-(Aminoalkyl)-Thiophene and Furfurylamine Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadla Rajkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali; Manauli P.O. Punjab 140306 India
| | - Naveen
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali; Manauli P.O. Punjab 140306 India
| | - Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali; Manauli P.O. Punjab 140306 India
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21
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Livi F, Gobalasingham NS, Bundgaard E, Thompson BC. Influence of functionality on direct arylation of model systems as a route toward fluorinated copolymers via direct arylation polymerization (DArP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Livi
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-1661
- DTU Energy; Technical University of Denmark; Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - Nemal S. Gobalasingham
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-1661
| | - Eva Bundgaard
- DTU Energy; Technical University of Denmark; Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-1661
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22
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Karaca EÖ, Gürbüz N, Özdemir İ, Doucet H, Şahin O, Büyükgüngör O, Çetinkaya B. Palladium Complexes with Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene Ligands: Catalytic Activity for the Direct Arylation of Furan, Thiophene, and Thiazole Derivatives. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501201r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Özge Karaca
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Henri Doucet
- Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte, Institut des Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Onur Şahin
- Scientific and Technological
Research Application and Research Center, Sinop University, 57010, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Orhan Büyükgüngör
- Department of Physics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040, Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
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23
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Padmavathi R, Sankar R, Gopalakrishnan B, Parella R, Babu SA. Pd(OAc)2/AgOAc Catalytic System Based Bidentate Ligand Directed Regiocontrolled C-H Arylation and Alkylation of the C-3 Position of Thiophene- and Furan-2-carboxamides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Li Y, Wang J, Huang M, Wang Z, Wu Y, Wu Y. Direct C-H arylation of thiophenes at low catalyst loading of a phosphine-free bis(alkoxo)palladium complex. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2890-7. [PMID: 24625258 DOI: 10.1021/jo402745b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient phosphine-free direct C-H arylation of thiophenes at the α-position has been developed at low catalyst loading of bis(alkoxo)palladium complex (Cat.I, 0.1-0.2 mol %). The developed synthetic method can be applied to the synthesis of α-aryl/heteroaryl thiophenes from aryl or heteroaryl bromides in good to excellent yields and is compatible with the substrates bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups. The reactivities of the 2- and 5-positions of thiophenes are equivalent and not dependent on steric hindrance under optimal conditions. This condition can also be applied to other heterocyclic moieties such as benzothiophene, benzofuran, and pyrrole with high conversion yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
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Jin Z, Wu J, Wang C, Dai G, Liu S, Lu J, Jiang H. Novel fluorescent 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives containing thiophene and pyrazole moieties: synthesis by direct C-H arylation and evaluation of photophysical and electrochemical properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:527-534. [PMID: 24036045 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives containing thiophene and pyrazole moities were synthesized by direct Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation and then characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MALDI-HRMS, and elementary analysis. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the derivatives were also investigated. All compounds have green emission both in diluted CH2Cl2 solution and solid film. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements showed that the target compounds had a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) range from -3.49 eV to -3.29 eV and a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) range from -6.04 eV to -5.81 eV. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to obtain the optimized ground-state geometry as well as the spatial distributions of the HOMO, LUMO levels of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengneng Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, PR China.
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Palladium-catalysed direct regioselective C5-arylation of a thiophene bearing a cyclopropyl ketone group at C2. CATAL COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Okamoto K, Zhang J, Housekeeper JB, Marder SR, Luscombe CK. C–H Arylation Reaction: Atom Efficient and Greener Syntheses of π-Conjugated Small Molecules and Macromolecules for Organic Electronic Materials. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401190r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okamoto
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
United States
| | - Jeremy B. Housekeeper
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1652,
United States
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Selective direct arylation of 3-bromo-2-methylthiophene: a building-block for electro- and photoactive organic materials. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Churruca F, Hernández S, Perea M, SanMartin R, Domínguez E. Direct access to pyrazolo(benzo)thienoquinolines. Highly effective palladium catalysts for the intramolecular C-H heteroarylation of arenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1413-5. [PMID: 23320258 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A short and atom-efficient strategy to obtain a series of pyrazolo(benzo)thienoquinolines is developed. Alternative catalytic systems for the key intramolecular direct heteroarylation of arenes are presented and include the first example of C-H (hetero)arylation of (hetero)arenes catalyzed by very low catalyst loadings of a palladium source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Churruca
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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30
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Verbitskiy EV, Cheprakova EM, Zhilina EF, Kodess MI, Ezhikova MA, Pervova MG, Slepukhin PA, Subbotina JO, Schepochkin AV, Rusinov GL, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed C–C coupling versus nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (S N H ) in 5-bromopyrimidine by action of bithiophene and its analogues. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gorelsky SI, Lapointe D, Fagnou K. Analysis of the palladium-catalyzed (aromatic)C-H bond metalation-deprotonation mechanism spanning the entire spectrum of arenes. J Org Chem 2011; 77:658-68. [PMID: 22148641 DOI: 10.1021/jo202342q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the C-H bond cleavage step by the concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) pathway is important in further development of cross-coupling reactions using different catalysts. Distortion-interaction analysis of the C-H bond cleavage over a wide range of (hetero)aromatics has been performed in an attempt to quantify the various contributions to the CMD transition state (TS). The (hetero)aromatics evaluated were divided in different categories to allow an easier understanding of their reactivity and to quantify activation characteristics of different arene substituents. The CMD pathway to the C-H bond cleavage for different classes of arenes is also presented, including the formation of pre-CMD intermediates and the analysis of bonding interactions in TS structures. The effects of remote C2 substituents on the reactivity of thiophenes were evaluated computationally and were corroborated experimentally with competition studies. We show that nucleophilicity of thiophenes, evaluated by Hammett σ(p) parameters, correlates with each of the distortion-interaction parameters. In the final part of this manuscript, we set the initial equations that can assist in the development of predictive guidelines for the functionalization of C-H bonds catalyzed by transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge I Gorelsky
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5 Canada.
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Rahimi A, Namyslo JC, Drafz MHH, Halm J, Hübner E, Nieger M, Rautzenberg N, Schmidt A. Selective mono- to perarylations of tetrabromothiophene by a cyclobutene-1,2-diylbisimidazolium preligand. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7316-25. [PMID: 21842887 DOI: 10.1021/jo201317t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(Cyclobut-1-ene-1,2-diyl)bis(1-methylimidazolium)tetrafluoroborate is applied as preligand in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions starting from tetrabromothiophene for the synthesis of mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetraaryl-substituted thiophenes bearing up to four different aryl rings. A synthetic kit for preparations of nine different substitution patterns of arylated thiophenes is presented by application of only one single catalyst system. In agreement with DFT calculations, which predict energetically low rotational barriers in triaryl-3-bromothiophenes and tetraarylthiophenes, no NOE effects between adjacent aryl rings are detectable. The regioselectivity of their syntheses has therefore been elucidated by reduction of triaryl-3-bromothiophene to 2,3,5-triarylthiophene followed by HMBC, HSQC, and NOESY NMR measurements. Additionally, results of an X-ray single structure analysis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahimi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Roy D, Mom S, Lucas D, Cattey H, Hierso J, Doucet H. Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds with Congested, Functionalised Aryl Bromides at Low Palladium/Triphosphane Catalyst Loading. Chemistry 2011; 17:6453-61. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Roy
- UMR‐CNRS 6226, équipe “Catalyse et Organométalliques”, Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes (France), Fax: (+33) 2‐23‐23‐63‐84
| | - Sophal Mom
- UMR‐CNRS 5260 ‐ Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐80‐39‐36‐82
| | - Dominique Lucas
- UMR‐CNRS 5260 ‐ Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐80‐39‐36‐82
| | - Hélène Cattey
- UMR‐CNRS 5260 ‐ Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐80‐39‐36‐82
| | - Jean‐Cyrille Hierso
- UMR‐CNRS 5260 ‐ Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon (France), Fax: (+33) 3‐80‐39‐36‐82
| | - Henri Doucet
- UMR‐CNRS 6226, équipe “Catalyse et Organométalliques”, Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes (France), Fax: (+33) 2‐23‐23‐63‐84
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Brand JP, Waser J. Direct alkynylation of thiophenes: cooperative activation of TIPS-EBX with gold and Brønsted acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:7304-7. [PMID: 20730846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Brand
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chen L, Roger J, Bruneau C, Dixneuf PH, Doucet H. Palladium-catalysed direct arylation of thiophenes tolerant to silyl groups. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1872-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04302h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Derridj F, Roger J, Djebbar S, Doucet H. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Free NH2-Substituted Thiophene Derivatives. Org Lett 2010; 12:4320-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101758w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fazia Derridj
- Laboratoire d’Hydrométallurgie et Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.THB Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, and Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Catalyse et Organometalliques”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Julien Roger
- Laboratoire d’Hydrométallurgie et Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.THB Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, and Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Catalyse et Organometalliques”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Safia Djebbar
- Laboratoire d’Hydrométallurgie et Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.THB Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, and Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Catalyse et Organometalliques”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Henri Doucet
- Laboratoire d’Hydrométallurgie et Chimie Inorganique Moléculaire, Faculté de Chimie, U.S.THB Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, and Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Catalyse et Organometalliques”, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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Brand JP, Waser J. Direct Alkynylation of Thiophenes: Cooperative Activation of TIPS-EBX with Gold and Brønsted Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Reynaud C, Giorgi M, Doucet H, Santelli M. Unusual reactivity of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivatives during the ozonolysis. Part 2. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Synthesis of heterocycles on the basis of arylation products of unsaturated compounds. 19.* Arylation of 2-acetylthio- phene and the synthesis of 2-(5-aryl-2-thien- yl)-4-quinolinecarboxylic acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Ozdemir I, Gök Y, Özeroğlu Ö, Kaloğlu M, Doucet H, Bruneau C. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Useful Ligands for the Palladium-Catalysed Direct C5 Arylation of Heteroaromatics with Aryl Bromides or Electron-Deficient Aryl Chlorides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200901195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ionita M, Roger J, Doucet H. Palladium catalyzed direct 3-arylation of benzofurans using low catalyst loadings. CHEMSUSCHEM 2010; 3:367-376. [PMID: 20039360 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed direct 3-arylation of benzofurans provides a cost-effective and environmentally attractive route for the preparation of 3-arylbenzofuran derivatives. The reactions were carried out using a wide variety of electronically and sterically diverse aryl or heteroaryl bromides with low catalyst loadings. In the presence of only 0.1-0.5 mol % catalyst, products in moderate to good yields were obtained. The aryl bromide reactants were able to tolerate a wide range of functionalities, such as acetyl, propionyl, formyl, ester, nitrile, trifluoromethyl, or fluoro groups. Higher yields were obtained using electron-deficient aryl bromides as reactants compared to using electron-rich aryl bromides. Functionalized benzofuran derivatives, bearing formyl or hydroxymethyl on C2, were also successfully employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ionita
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Catalyse et Organometalliques, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
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Palladium-Catalysed Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatics Bearing Unprotected Hydroxyalkyl Functions using Aryl Bromides. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Roger J, Mom S, Beaupérin M, Royer S, Meunier P, Ivanov V, Doucet H, Hierso JC. Direct Arylation of Heterocycles: The Performances of Ferrocene-Based Polyphosphane Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed CH Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Palladium-Catalyzed C2 or C5 Direct Arylation of 3-Formylthiophene Derivatives with Aryl Bromides. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Roger J, Gottumukkala A, Doucet H. Palladium-Catalyzed C3 or C4 Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds with Aryl Halides by CH Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Recent advances in the synthesis of (hetero)aryl-substituted heteroarenes via transition metal-catalysed direct (hetero)arylation of heteroarene C–H bonds with aryl halides or pseudohalides, diaryliodonium salts, and potassium aryltrifluoroborates. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Phosphine-free palladium-catalysed direct 5-arylation of imidazole derivatives at low catalyst loading. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Synthesis of cis,cis,cis-1-alkylidene-2,3,4,5-tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentanes. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Roger J, Doucet H. Regioselective C-2 or C-5 Direct Arylation of Pyrroles with Aryl Bromides using a Ligand-Free Palladium Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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