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Bolivar JM, Woodley JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6251-6290. [PMID: 35838107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Bolivar
- FQPIMA group, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - John M Woodley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. .,Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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2
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High-Level Expression of Nitrile Hydratase in Escherichia coli for 2-Amino-2,3-Dimethylbutyramide Synthesis. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the synthesis of imidazolinone herbicides, 2-Amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide (ADBA) is an important intermedium. In this study, the recombinant production of nitrile hydratase (NHase) in Escherichia coli for ADBA synthesis was explored. A local library containing recombinant NHases from various sources was screened using a colorimetric method. NHase from Pseudonocardia thermophila JCM3095 was selected, fused with a His-tag and one-step purified. The enzymatic properties of recombinant NHase were studied and indicated robust thermal stability and inhibition of cyanide ions due to substrate degradation. After systematic optimization of fermentation conditions, the OD600 (optical density at 600 nm), enzyme activity and specific activity of recombinant strain E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-28a+NHase reached 19.4, 3.72 U/mL and 1.04 U/mg protein at 42 h, representing 5.86-, 26.6- and 4-fold increases, respectively. These results offered an efficient recombinant whole-cell biocatalyst for ADBA synthesis.
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Chauhan V, Kaushal D, Dhiman VK, Kanwar SS, Singh D, Dhiman VK, Pandey H. An Insight in Developing Carrier-Free Immobilized Enzymes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:794411. [PMID: 35309979 PMCID: PMC8924610 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.794411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play vital roles in all organisms. The enzymatic process is progressively at its peak, mainly for producing biochemical products with a higher value. The immobilization of enzymes can sometimes tremendously improve the outcome of biocatalytic processes, making the product(s) relatively pure and economical. Carrier-free immobilized enzymes can increase the yield of the product and the stability of the enzyme in biocatalysis. Immobilized enzymes are easier to purify. Due to these varied advantages, researchers are tempted to explore carrier-free methods used for the immobilization of enzymes. In this review article, we have discussed various aspects of enzyme immobilization, approaches followed to design a process used for immobilization of an enzyme and the advantages and disadvantages of various common processes used for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Diksha Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | | | - Shamsher Singh Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
- *Correspondence: Shamsher Singh Kanwar,
| | - Devendra Singh
- B.N. College of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Dhiman
- Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan, India
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4
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Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Coimmobilization of lipases exhibiting three very different stability ranges. Reuse of the active enzymes and selective discarding of the inactivated ones. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:580-590. [PMID: 35218810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipases from Candida rugosa (CRL) and Rhizomucor miehei (RML) have been coimmobilized on octyl and octyl-Asp agarose beads. CALB was much more stable than CRL, that was significantly more stable than RML. This forces the user to discard immobilized CALB and CRL when only RML has been inactivated, or immobilized CALB when CRL have been inactivated. To solve this problem, a new strategy has been proposed using three different immobilization protocols. CALB was covalently immobilized on octyl-vinyl sulfone agarose and blocked with Asp. Then, CRL was immobilized via interfacial activation. After coating both immobilized enzymes with polyethylenimine, RML could be immobilized via ion exchange. That way, by incubating in ammonium sulfate solutions, inactivated RML could be released enabling the reuse of coimmobilized CRL and CALB to build a new combi-lipase. Incubating in triton and ammonium sulfate solutions, it was possible to release inactivated CRL and RML, enabling the reuse of immobilized CALB when CRL was inactivated. These cycles could be repeated for 3 full cycles, maintaining the activity of the active and immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Enzyme co-immobilization: Always the biocatalyst designers' choice…or not? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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6
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Crochet P, Cadierno V. Access to
α
‐ and
β
‐Hydroxyamides and Ureas Through Metal‐Catalyzed C≡N Bond Hydration and Transfer Hydration Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Crochet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Victorio Cadierno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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Dubey NC, Tripathi BP. Nature Inspired Multienzyme Immobilization: Strategies and Concepts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1077-1114. [PMID: 35014469 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a biological system, the spatiotemporal arrangement of enzymes in a dense cellular milieu, subcellular compartments, membrane-associated enzyme complexes on cell surfaces, scaffold-organized proteins, protein clusters, and modular enzymes have presented many paradigms for possible multienzyme immobilization designs that were adapted artificially. In metabolic channeling, the catalytic sites of participating enzymes are close enough to channelize the transient compound, creating a high local concentration of the metabolite and minimizing the interference of a competing pathway for the same precursor. Over the years, these phenomena had motivated researchers to make their immobilization approach naturally realistic by generating multienzyme fusion, cluster formation via affinity domain-ligand binding, cross-linking, conjugation on/in the biomolecular scaffold of the protein and nucleic acids, and self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. This review begins with the discussion of substrate channeling strategies and recent empirical efforts to build it synthetically. After that, an elaborate discussion covering prevalent concepts related to the enhancement of immobilized enzymes' catalytic performance is presented. Further, the central part of the review summarizes the progress in nature motivated multienzyme assembly over the past decade. In this section, special attention has been rendered by classifying the nature-inspired strategies into three main categories: (i) multienzyme/domain complex mimic (scaffold-free), (ii) immobilization on the biomolecular scaffold, and (iii) compartmentalization. In particular, a detailed overview is correlated to the natural counterpart with advances made in the field. We have then discussed the beneficial account of coassembly of multienzymes and provided a synopsis of the essential parameters in the rational coimmobilization design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi C Dubey
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Taek Hwang
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonbyul Lee
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
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9
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Jiang S, Zhang L, Yao Z, Gao B, Wang H, Mao X, Wei D. Switching a nitrilase from Syechocystis sp. PCC6803 to a nitrile hydratase by rationally regulating reaction pathways. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on this mechanism, a nitrilase was engineered to shift the reaction pathway from formation of acid to formation of amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Ocean Univ China
- Coll Food Sci & Engn
- Qingdao 266003
- China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- New World Institute of Biotechnology
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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12
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Abstract
Amides are widespread in biologically active compounds with a broad range of applications in biotechnology, agriculture and medicine. Therefore, as alternative to chemical synthesis the biocatalytic amide synthesis is a very interesting field of research. As usual, Nature can serve as guide in the quest for novel biocatalysts. Several mechanisms for carboxylate activation involving mainly acyl-adenylate, acyl-phosphate or acyl-enzyme intermediates have been discovered, but also completely different pathways to amides are found. In addition to ribosomes, selected enzymes of almost all main enzyme classes are able to synthesize amides. In this review we give an overview about amide synthesis in Nature, as well as biotechnological applications of these enzymes. Moreover, several examples of biocatalytic amide synthesis are given.
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13
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Ricklefs E, Girhard M, Koschorreck K, Smit MS, Urlacher VB. Two-Step One-Pot Synthesis of Pinoresinol from Eugenol in an Enzymatic Cascade. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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van Rantwijk F, Stolz A. Enzymatic cascade synthesis of (S)-2-hydroxycarboxylic amides and acids: Cascade reactions employing a hydroxynitrile lyase, nitrile-converting enzymes and an amidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Sosedov O, Stolz A. Improvement of the amides forming capacity of the arylacetonitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191 by site-directed mutagenesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2623-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Cui JD, Jia SR. Optimization protocols and improved strategies of cross-linked enzyme aggregates technology: current development and future challenges. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:15-28. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.795516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Sosedov O, Stolz A. Random mutagenesis of the arylacetonitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191 and identification of variants, which form increased amounts of mandeloamide from mandelonitrile. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1595-607. [PMID: 23695777 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191 was modified by introducing random mutations via error-prone PCR techniques in order to obtain nitrilase variants, which form increased amounts of mandeloamide from racemic mandelonitrile. A screening system was established and experimentally optimized, which allowed the screening of nitrilase variants with the intended phenotype. This system was based on the simultaneous expression of nitrilase variants and the mandeloamide converting amidase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous MP50 in recombinant Escherichia coli cells. The formation of increased amounts of mandeloamide from mandelonitrile by the nitrilase variants was detected after the addition of hydroxylamine and ferric iron ions by taking advantage of the acyltransferase activity of the amidase, which resulted in the formation of coloured iron(III)-hydroxamate complexes from mandeloamide. The system was applied for the screening of libraries of nitrilase variants and 30 enzyme variants identified, which formed increased amounts of mandeloamide from racemic mandelonitrile. The increase in amide formation was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and the genes encoding the relevant nitrilase variants sequenced. Thus, different types of mutations were identified. One group of mutants carried different deletions at the carboxy-terminus. The other types of variants carried amino acid exchanges in positions that had not been related previously to an increased amide formation. Finally, a nitrilase variant was created by combining two independently obtained point mutations. This enzyme variant demonstrated a true nitrile hydratase activity as it formed mandeloamide and mandelic acid in a ratio of about 19:1 from racemic mandelonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sosedov
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Oroz-Guinea I, García-Junceda E. Enzyme catalysed tandem reactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:236-49. [PMID: 23490810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To transfer to the laboratory, the excellent efficiency shown by enzymes in Nature, biocatalysis, had to mimic several synthetic strategies used by the living organisms. Biosynthetic pathways are examples of tandem catalysis and may be assimilated in the biocatalysis field for the use of isolated multi-enzyme systems in the homogeneous phase. The concurrent action of several enzymes that work sequentially presents extraordinary advantages from the synthetic point of view, since it permits a reversible process to become irreversible, to shift the equilibrium reaction in such a way that enantiopure compounds can be obtained from prochiral or racemic substrates, reduce or eliminate problems due to product inhibition or prevent the shortage of substrates by dilution or degradation in the bulk media, etc. In this review we want to illustrate the developments of recent studies involving in vitro multi-enzyme reactions for the synthesis of different classes of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Oroz-Guinea
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Talekar S, Joshi A, Joshi G, Kamat P, Haripurkar R, Kambale S. Parameters in preparation and characterization of cross linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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20
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Talekar S, Desai S, Pillai M, Nagavekar N, Ambarkar S, Surnis S, Ladole M, Nadar S, Mulla M. Carrier free co-immobilization of glucoamylase and pullulanase as combi-cross linked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs). RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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Zhou Z, Hartmann M. Progress in enzyme immobilization in ordered mesoporous materials and related applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:3894-912. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Stella S, Chadha A. Biocatalytic reduction of α-keto amides to (R)-α-hydroxy amides using Candida parapsilosis ATCC 7330. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Lin ZJ, Zheng RC, Wang YJ, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Enzymatic production of 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide by cyanide-resistant nitrile hydratase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:133-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel enzymatic route for the synthesis of 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide (ADBA), important intermediate of highly potent and broad-spectrum imidazolinone herbicides, from 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyronitrile (ADBN) was developed. Strain Rhodococcus boritolerans CCTCC M 208108 harboring nitrile hydratase (NHase) towards ADBN was screened through a sophisticated colorimetric screening method and was found to be resistant to cyanide (5 mM). Resting cells of R. boritolerans CCTCC M 208108 also proved to be tolerant against high product concentration (40 g l−1) and alkaline pH (pH 9.3). A preparative scale process for continuous production of ADBA in both aqueous and biphasic systems was developed and some key parameters of the biocatalytic process were optimized. Inhibition of NHase by cyanide dissociated from ADBN was successfully overcome by temperature control (at 10°C). The product concentration, yield and catalyst productivity were further improved to 50 g l−1, 91% and 6.3 g product/g catalyst using a 30/70 (v/v) n-hexane/water biphasic system. Furthermore, cells of R. boritolerans CCTCC M 208108 could be reused for at lease twice by stopping the continuous reaction before cyanide concentration rose to 2 mM, with the catalyst productivity increasing to 12.3 g product/g catalyst. These results demonstrated that enzymatic synthesis of ADBA using whole cells of R. boritolerans CCTCC M 208108 showed potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Lin
- grid.413273.0 0000000105748737 Institute of Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-Chao Zheng
- grid.413273.0 0000000105748737 Institute of Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- grid.413273.0 0000000105748737 Institute of Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- grid.413273.0 0000000105748737 Institute of Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin-Chu Shen
- grid.413273.0 0000000105748737 Institute of Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou People’s Republic of China
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Clouthier CM, Pelletier JN. Expanding the organic toolbox: a guide to integrating biocatalysis in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1585-605. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Characteristic features and biotechnological applications of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:467-77. [PMID: 21887507 PMCID: PMC3189406 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have many economic and environmental benefits in the context of industrial biocatalysis. They are easily prepared from crude enzyme extracts, and the costs of (often expensive) carriers are circumvented. They generally exhibit improved storage and operational stability towards denaturation by heat, organic solvents, and autoproteolysis and are stable towards leaching in aqueous media. Furthermore, they have high catalyst productivities (kilograms product per kilogram biocatalyst) and are easy to recover and recycle. Yet another advantage derives from the possibility to co-immobilize two or more enzymes to provide CLEAs that are capable of catalyzing multiple biotransformations, independently or in sequence as catalytic cascade processes.
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Ricca E, Brucher B, Schrittwieser JH. Multi-Enzymatic Cascade Reactions: Overview and Perspectives. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Balkus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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30
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Immobilization of Bacillus subtilis esterase by simple cross-linking for enzymatic resolution of dl-menthyl acetate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lin ZJ, Zheng RC, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Biosynthesis of 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide by nitrile hydratase from a newly isolated cyanide-resistant strain of Rhodococcus qingshengii. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1809-13. [PMID: 21516314 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells of a new isolate of Rhodococcus qingshengii harboring nitrile hydratase converted 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyronitrile into 2-amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide (ADBA). Cells also hydrated a broad range of substrates including saturated, unsaturated and cyclic aliphatic nitriles. The microorganism tolerated KCN and ADBA up to 5 mM and 40 g/l, respectively. At 10 °C, ADBA reached 33.8 g/l (yield 84.5%) which was 2.5 times that at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian Lin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhijiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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32
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Brovetto M, Gamenara D, Méndez PS, Seoane GA. C-C bond-forming lyases in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4346-403. [PMID: 21417217 DOI: 10.1021/cr100299p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Brovetto
- Grupo de Fisicoquímica Orgánica y Bioprocesos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and CLEA Technolgies, Delftechpark 134, 2628 XH Delft, The Netherlands
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Biyikal M, Porta M, Roesky P, Blechert S. Zinc‐Catalyzed Domino Hydroamination–Alkyne Addition. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Biyikal
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐30‐3142‐3619
| | - Marta Porta
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐30‐3142‐3619
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐721‐608‐4854
| | - Siegfried Blechert
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐30‐3142‐3619
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35
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How to overcome limitations in biotechnological processes - examples from hydroxynitrile lyase applications. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:599-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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