1
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biocatalytic Reduction Reactions from a Chemist's Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5644-5665. [PMID: 32330347 PMCID: PMC7983917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reductions play a key role in organic synthesis, producing chiral products with new functionalities. Enzymes can catalyse such reactions with exquisite stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, leading the way to alternative shorter classical synthetic routes towards not only high-added-value compounds but also bulk chemicals. In this review we describe the synthetic state-of-the-art and potential of enzymes that catalyse reductions, ranging from carbonyl, enone and aromatic reductions to reductive aminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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2
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2-Amino-5-chloro-1H-pyrrole-3,4-dicarbonitrile. MOLBANK 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/m1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) with HCl (g) in the presence of Sn (1 equiv) and AcOH resulted in 2-amino-5-chloro-1H-pyrrole-3,4-dicarbonitrile in a 74% yield. The compound was fully characterized.
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3
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biokatalytische Reduktionen aus der Sicht eines Chemikers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
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4
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Three‐component reaction for synthesis of
2‐amino
‐6‐aryl‐5‐(phenylamino)‐3,
7‐dihydro‐4
H
‐pyrrolo[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives in water. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Jung J, Braun J, Czabany T, Nidetzky B. Unexpected NADPH Hydratase Activity in the Nitrile Reductase QueF from Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1534-1543. [PMID: 31850614 PMCID: PMC7317782 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nitrile reductase QueF catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of the nitrile group of preQ0 (7-cyano-7-deazaguanine) into the primary amine of preQ1 (7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine), a biologically unique reaction important in bacterial nucleoside biosynthesis. Here we have discovered that the QueF from Escherichia coli-its D197A and E89L variants in particular (apparent kcat ≈10-2 min-1 )-also catalyze the slow hydration of the C5=C6 double bond of the dihydronicotinamide moiety of NADPH. The enzymatically C6-hydrated NADPH is a 3.5:1 mixture of R and S forms and rearranges spontaneously through anomeric epimerization (β→α) and cyclization at the tetrahydronicotinamide C6 and the ribosyl O2. NADH and 1-methyl- or 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide are not substrates of the enzymatic hydration. Mutagenesis results support a QueF hydratase mechanism, in which Cys190-the essential catalytic nucleophile for nitrile reduction-acts as the general acid for protonation at the dihydronicotinamide C5 of NADPH. Thus, the NADPH hydration in the presence of QueF bears mechanistic resemblance to the C=C double bond hydration in natural hydratases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 10/12, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Braun
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 10/12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 10/12, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 10/12, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
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6
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Dong X, Tang J, Hu C, Bai J, Ding H, Xiao Q. An Expeditious Total Synthesis of 5'-Deoxy-toyocamycin and 5'-Deoxysangivamycin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040737. [PMID: 30791372 PMCID: PMC6413189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In present paper, an expeditious total synthesis of naturally occurring 5′-deoxytoyocamycin and 5′-deoxysangivamycin was accomplished. Because of the introduction of a benzoyl group at N-6 of 4-amino-5-cyano-6-bromo-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, a Vorbrüggen glycosylation with 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranose afforded a completely regioselective N-9 glycosylation product, which is unambiguously confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the involved intermediates were well characterized by various spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyou Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Jiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Haixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
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7
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Jung J, Braun J, Czabany T, Nidetzky B. Interplay of nucleophilic catalysis with proton transfer in the nitrile reductase QueF from Escherichia coli. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proton relay through an active-site network of hydrogen bonds promotes enzymatic nitrile reduction to amine via a covalent thioimidate enzyme intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Jan Braun
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- NAWI Graz
- A-8010 Graz
- Austria
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8
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Zhou Z, Li M, Xu JH, Zhang ZJ. A Single Mutation Increases the Activity and Stability ofPectobacterium carotovorumNitrile Reductase. Chembiochem 2018; 19:521-526. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Min Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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9
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Jung J, Nidetzky B. Evidence of a sequestered imine intermediate during reduction of nitrile to amine by the nitrile reductase QueF from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3720-3733. [PMID: 29339556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of the tRNA-inserted nucleoside queuosine, the nitrile reductase QueF catalyzes conversion of 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0) to 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ1), a biologically unique four-electron reduction of a nitrile to an amine. The QueF mechanism involves a covalent thioimide adduct between the enzyme and preQ0 that undergoes reduction to preQ1 in two NADPH-dependent steps, presumably via an imine intermediate. Protecting a labile imine from interception by water is fundamental to QueF catalysis for proper enzyme function. In the QueF from Escherichia coli, the conserved Glu89 and Phe228 residues together with a mobile structural element composing the catalytic Cys190 form a substrate-binding pocket that secludes the bound preQ0 completely from solvent. We show here that residue substitutions (E89A, E89L, and F228A) targeted at opening up the binding pocket weakened preQ0 binding at the preadduct stage by up to +10 kJ/mol and profoundly affected catalysis. Unlike wildtype enzyme, the QueF variants, including L191A and I192A, were no longer selective for preQ1 formation. The E89A, E89L, and F228A variants performed primarily (≥90%) a two-electron reduction of preQ0, releasing hydrolyzed imine (7-formyl-7-deazaguanine) as the product. The preQ0 reduction by L191A and I192A gave preQ1 and 7-formyl-7-deazaguanine at a 4:1 and 1:1 ratio, respectively. The proportion of 7-formyl-7-deazaguanine in total product increased with increasing substrate concentration, suggesting a role for preQ0 in a competitor-induced release of the imine intermediate. Collectively, these results provide direct evidence for the intermediacy of an imine in the QueF-catalyzed reaction. They reveal determinants of QueF structure required for imine sequestration and hence for a complete nitrile-to-amine conversion by this class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Jung
- From the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology and.,the Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- From the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology and .,the Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Mohammad A, Bon Ramos A, Lee BWK, Cohen SW, Kiani MK, Iwata-Reuyl D, Stec B, Swairjo MA. Protection of the Queuosine Biosynthesis Enzyme QueF from Irreversible Oxidation by a Conserved Intramolecular Disulfide. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010030. [PMID: 28300774 PMCID: PMC5372742 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
QueF enzymes catalyze the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reduction of the nitrile group of 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ₀) to 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ₁) in the biosynthetic pathway to the tRNA modified nucleoside queuosine. The QueF-catalyzed reaction includes formation of a covalent thioimide intermediate with a conserved active site cysteine that is prone to oxidation in vivo. Here, we report the crystal structure of a mutant of Bacillus subtilis QueF, which reveals an unanticipated intramolecular disulfide formed between the catalytic Cys55 and a conserved Cys99 located near the active site. This structure is more symmetric than the substrate-bound structure and exhibits major rearrangement of the loops responsible for substrate binding. Mutation of Cys99 to Ala/Ser does not compromise enzyme activity, indicating that the disulfide does not play a catalytic role. Peroxide-induced inactivation of the wild-type enzyme is reversible with thioredoxin, while such inactivation of the Cys99Ala/Ser mutants is irreversible, consistent with protection of Cys55 from irreversible oxidation by disulfide formation with Cys99. Conservation of the cysteine pair, and the reported in vivo interaction of QueF with the thioredoxin-like hydroperoxide reductase AhpC in Escherichia coli suggest that regulation by the thioredoxin disulfide-thiol exchange system may constitute a general mechanism for protection of QueF from oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeba Mohammad
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| | - Adriana Bon Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Bobby W K Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Spencer W Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Maryam K Kiani
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| | - Dirk Iwata-Reuyl
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Boguslaw Stec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Manal A Swairjo
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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11
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Jung J, Czabany T, Wilding B, Klempier N, Nidetzky B. Kinetic Analysis and Probing with Substrate Analogues of the Reaction Pathway of the Nitrile Reductase QueF from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25411-25426. [PMID: 27754868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme QueF catalyzes a four-electron reduction of a nitrile group into an amine, the only reaction of this kind known in biology. In nature, QueF converts 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0) into 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ1) for the biosynthesis of the tRNA-inserted nucleoside queuosine. The proposed QueF mechanism involves a covalent thioimide adduct between preQ0 and a cysteine nucleophile in the enzyme, and this adduct is subsequently converted into preQ1 in two NADPH-dependent reduction steps. Here, we show that the Escherichia coli QueF binds preQ0 in a strongly exothermic process (ΔH = -80.3 kJ/mol; -TΔS = 37.9 kJ/mol, Kd = 39 nm) whereby the thioimide adduct is formed with half-of-the-sites reactivity in the homodimeric enzyme. Both steps of preQ0 reduction involve transfer of the 4-pro-R-hydrogen from NADPH. They proceed about 4-7-fold more slowly than trapping of the enzyme-bound preQ0 as covalent thioimide (1.63 s-1) and are thus mainly rate-limiting for the enzyme's kcat (=0.12 s-1). Kinetic studies combined with simulation reveal a large primary deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 3.3 on the covalent thioimide reduction and a smaller kinetic isotope effect of 1.8 on the imine reduction to preQ1 7-Formyl-7-deazaguanine, a carbonyl analogue of the imine intermediate, was synthesized chemically and is shown to be recognized by QueF as weak ligand for binding (ΔH = -2.3 kJ/mol; -TΔS = -19.5 kJ/mol) but not as substrate for reduction or oxidation. A model of QueF substrate recognition and a catalytic pathway for the enzyme are proposed based on these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Jung
- From the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14.,the Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWIGraz, Petersgasse 12/1, and
| | - Tibor Czabany
- the Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWIGraz, Petersgasse 12/1, and
| | - Birgit Wilding
- From the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14.,the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Klempier
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- From the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, .,the Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWIGraz, Petersgasse 12/1, and
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12
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Gjonaj L, Pinkse M, Fernández-Fueyo E, Hollmann F, Hanefeld U. Substrate and cofactor binding to nitrile reductase: a mass spectrometry based study. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction is coupled to weight gain. One nitrile group of the substrate PreQ0 couples covalently per subunit of the dimeric nitrile reductase from E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorina Gjonaj
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2628BL Delft
| | - Martijn Pinkse
- Analytische Biotechnologie
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2628BC Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2628BL Delft
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2628BL Delft
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde
- Biokatalyse
- Afdeling Biotechnologie
- Technische Universiteit Delft
- 2628BL Delft
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13
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Wilding B, Vidovic C, Klempier N. A convenient synthetic route to substituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines via a novel ethylene-bridged compound. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Winkler M, Dokulil K, Weber H, Pavkov-Keller T, Wilding B. The Nitrile-Forming Enzyme 7-Cyano-7-Deazaguanine Synthase from Geobacillus kaustophilus: A Reverse Nitrilase? Chembiochem 2015; 16:2373-8. [PMID: 26391327 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
7-Cyano-7-deazaguanine synthase (E.C. 6.3.4.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a nitrile from a carboxylic acid and ammonia at the expense of ATP. The protein from G. kaustophilus was heterologously expressed, and its biochemical characteristics were explored by using a newly developed HPLC-MS based assay, (31) P NMR, and a fluorescence-based thermal-shift assay. The protein showed the expected high thermostability, had a pH optimum at pH 9.5, and an apparent temperature optimum at 60 °C. We observed strict substrate specificity of QueC for the natural substrate 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine, and determined AMP and pyrophosphate as co-products of preQ0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Winkler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Katharina Dokulil
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Wilding
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
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15
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16
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Ribeiro AJM, Yang L, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA, Liang ZX, Hirao H. Insight into Enzymatic Nitrile Reduction: QM/MM Study of the Catalytic Mechanism of QueF Nitrile Reductase. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- António J. M. Ribeiro
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica,
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo
Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Maria J. Ramos
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica,
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo
Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Fernandes
- UCIBIO,
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica,
Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo
Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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17
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Gamenara D, Domínguez de María P. Enantioselective imine reduction catalyzed by imine reductases and artificial metalloenzymes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:2989-92. [PMID: 24695640 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42205d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adding value to organic synthesis. Novel imine reductases enable the enantioselective reduction of imines to afford optically active amines. Likewise, novel bioinspired artificial metalloenzymes can perform the same reaction as well. Emerging proof-of-concepts are herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gamenara
- Organic Chemistry Department, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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18
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19
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Winkler M, Napora-Wijata K, Wilding B, Klempier N. Unconventional substrates for enzymatic reduction: carboxylates and nitriles. N Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Yang L, Koh SL, Sutton PW, Liang ZX. Nitrile reductase as a biocatalyst: opportunities and challenges. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The review highlights the recent progress and challenges in developing a family of nitrile reductases as biocatalysts for nitrile-to-amine transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yang
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore 637551
| | - Siew Lee Koh
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore 637551
| | | | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry
- School of Biological Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- , Singapore 637551
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Wilding B, Winkler M, Petschacher B, Kratzer R, Egger S, Steinkellner G, Lyskowski A, Nidetzky B, Gruber K, Klempier N. Targeting the substrate binding site of E. coli nitrile reductase QueF by modeling, substrate and enzyme engineering. Chemistry 2013; 19:7007-12. [PMID: 23595998 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile reductase QueF catalyzes the reduction of 2-amino-5-cyanopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (preQ0) to 2-amino-5-aminomethylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (preQ1) in the biosynthetic pathway of the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine. It is the only enzyme known to catalyze a reduction of a nitrile to its corresponding primary amine and could therefore expand the toolbox of biocatalytic reactions of nitriles. To evaluate this new oxidoreductase for application in biocatalytic reactions, investigation of its substrate scope is prerequisite. We report here an investigation of the active site binding properties and the substrate scope of nitrile reductase QueF from Escherichia coli. Screenings with simple nitrile structures revealed high substrate specificity. Consequently, binding interactions of the substrate to the active site were identified based on a new homology model of E. coli QueF and modeled complex structures of the natural and non-natural substrates. Various structural analogues of the natural substrate preQ0 were synthesized and screened with wild-type QueF from E. coli and several active site mutants. Two amino acid residues Cys190 and Asp197 were shown to play an essential role in the catalytic mechanism. Three non-natural substrates were identified and compared to the natural substrate regarding their specific activities by using wild-type and mutant nitrile reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wilding
- ACIB GmbH, c/o Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Expression and characterization of the nitrile reductase queF from E. coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 52:129-33. [PMID: 23410922 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression and characterization of a nitrile reductase from Escherichia coli K-12 (EcoNR), a newly discovered enzyme class, is described. This enzyme has a potential application for an alternative nitrile reduction pathway. The enzyme activity towards its natural substrate, preQ(0), was demonstrated and optimal working conditions were found to be at 37°C and at pH 7 with Tris buffer.
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