1
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Bag D, Sawant SD. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization-Indole Addition Cascade: Synthesis of 3(2 H)-Furanone-Incorporated Unsymmetrical 3,3'- Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:4930-4934. [PMID: 35776425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Au(I)-catalyzed domino intramolecular carbonyl-alkyne cyclization/indole addition strategy has been disclosed here. This generalized strategy enables the synthesis of 3(2H)-furanone-incorporated unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes with generation of a stereocenter at the furanone junction from easily accessible indole-tethered ynediones. In addition, this present protocol could also be extended for the synthesis of a number of indolyl-(hetero)arylmethanes by employing a variety of (hetero)arenes as a nucleophile coupling partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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2
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Patterson WJ, Lucas K, Jones VA, Chen Z, Bardelski K, Guarino‐Hotz M, Brindle CS. Triarylmethyl Cation‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisindolylmethanes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Lucas
- Department of Chemistry Trinity College 300 Summit Street Hartford CT 06105 USA
| | - Vanessa A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry Trinity College 300 Summit Street Hartford CT 06105 USA
| | - Zhenghua Chen
- Department of Chemistry Trinity College 300 Summit Street Hartford CT 06105 USA
| | - Kevin Bardelski
- Department of Chemistry Trinity College 300 Summit Street Hartford CT 06105 USA
| | | | - Cheyenne S. Brindle
- Department of Chemistry Trinity College 300 Summit Street Hartford CT 06105 USA
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3
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Pillaiyar T, Sedaghati M, B. Mahardhika A, L. Wendt L, E. Müller C. Iodine-catalyzed electrophilic substitution of indoles: Synthesis of (un)symmetrical diindolylmethanes with a quaternary carbon center. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1464-1475. [PMID: 34221175 PMCID: PMC8218542 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, versatile approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,3'-diindolylmethanes (DIMs) with a quaternary carbon center has been developed via iodine-catalyzed coupling of trifluoromethyl(indolyl)phenylmethanols with indoles. In contrast to previously reported methods, the new procedure is characterized by chemoselectivity, mild conditions, high yields, and scalability to obtain gram amounts for biological studies. Selected compounds were found to display affinity for cannabinoid receptors, which are promising drug targets for the treatment of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany, phone: +49-7071-29-77458
| | - Masoud Sedaghati
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
| | - Andhika B. Mahardhika
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas L. Wendt
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, phone: +49-228-73-2301; Fax: +49-228-73-2567
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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4
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Jin J, Li Y, Xiang S, Fan W, Guo S, Huang D. Selectfluor facilitated bridging of indoles to bis(indolyl)methanes using methyl tert-butyl ether as a new methylene precursor. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4076-4081. [PMID: 33978036 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00120e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, green and efficient method is developed for the synthesis of methylene bridged bis(indolyl)methanes in good to excellent yields. The reaction employs methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as the methylene source and selectfluor as an oxidizing agent. The scope and versatility of the methods have been successfully demonstrated with 48 examples. The metal-free transformation process is suitable for scale-up production. A selectfluor-promoted oxidative reaction mechanism is proposed based on the results of the experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Shiqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Deguang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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5
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Chantana C, Jaratjaroonphong J. FeCl 3·6H 2O as a Mild Catalyst for Nucleophilic Substitution of Symmetrical Bis(indoyl)methanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2312-2327. [PMID: 33481609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methane (BIM) and 3-alkylindole derivatives are smoothly synthesized from symmetrical BIMs with a variety of nucleophiles including heteroaromatic/aromatic compounds, allylsilane and alkynylsilane. FeCl3·6H2O is found to be a mild and highly effective catalyst for this nucleophilic substitution reaction in which N-methyl-2-phenylindole behaves as a good leaving group in the Csp3-Csp2 bond cleavage reaction. The operational ease, nonexpensive and environmentally friendly catalyst, mild reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and scalability of this reaction strategy are advantages of the present procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayamon Chantana
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Jaray Jaratjaroonphong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.,Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues form Natural Product for Drug Discovery (RSND), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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6
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Wu Z, Wang G, Li Z, Feng E, Liang Y, Zhan H, Liu W. Solvent-free multi-component synthesis of unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)alkanes with Lewis acid-surfactant-SiO 2 as nanocatalyst. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1874016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhenliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, P. R. China
| | - Enke Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P. R. China
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7
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McLean EB, Cutolo FM, Cassidy OJ, Burns DJ, Lee AL. Selectivity Control in Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes with Indoles: Application to Unsymmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:6977-6981. [PMID: 32845648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed hydroarylation of unactivated alkynes with indoles have previously been reported to proceed with double indole addition to produce symmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). We demonstrate for the first time that the selectivity of the gold-catalyzed reaction can be fully switched to allow for isolation of the vinylindole products instead. Furthermore, this selective reaction can be utilized to synthesize the more difficult to access unsymmetrical BIMs from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan B McLean
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Francesca M Cutolo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Orla J Cassidy
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - David J Burns
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
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8
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Pillaiyar T, Sedaghati M, Schnakenburg G. Reaction of indoles with aromatic fluoromethyl ketones: an efficient synthesis of trifluoromethyl(indolyl)phenylmethanols using K 2CO 3/ n-Bu 4PBr in water. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:778-790. [PMID: 32395181 PMCID: PMC7189012 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new, mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl(indolyl)phenylmethanols by the reaction of indoles with a variety of aromatic fluoromethyl ketones in the presence of K2CO3 (15 mol %) and n-Bu4PBr (15 mol %) in water. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields without requiring a column chromatographic purification. The reusability of the catalytic system and large-scale synthesis of indolyl(phenyl)methanols, which would further transform into biological active indole-derived compounds, are further advantages of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Masoud Sedaghati
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Yuan L, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bisindolylmethanes by Reaction of Indolylmagnesium Bromides with Sulfonyl Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaocheng University Hunan Road Liaocheng 252000 People's Republic of China
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry DivisionUniversity of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
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10
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Ling Y, An D, Zhou Y, Rao W. Ga(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Temperature-Controlled Regioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Trifluoromethylated 3-Indolylmethanols with 2-Substituted Indoles: Divergent Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Unsymmetrical 3,3'-and 3,6'-Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:3396-3401. [PMID: 31008615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented Ga(OTf)3-catalyzed, temperature-controlled regiodivergent alkylation of 2-substituted indoles with trifluoromethylated 3-indolylmethanols is described that provides structurally diverse unsymmetrical 3,3'- and 3,6'-bis(indolyl)methanes with a CF3-containing quaternary carbon center in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. In addition, this present protocol could be successfully extended to the synthesis of difluoromethylated 3,3'- and 3,6'-bis(indolyl)methanes with excellent efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ling
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Di An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
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11
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Muthukumar A, Rao GN, Sekar G. Zn(OTf) 2-catalyzed access to symmetrical and unsymmetrical bisindoles from α-keto amides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3921-3933. [PMID: 30941387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of 3,3'-bisindolyl acetamides from α-keto amides is developed. Both aromatic α-keto amides substituted with electron-donating as well as -withdrawing groups and aliphatic α-keto amides are well tolerated to provide symmetrical bisindoles in moderate to excellent yields. The chemoselective bisindolylation of the keto group of α-keto amides in the presence of a simple keto functionality is successfully achieved in good yields. The transformation is further extended to the synthesis of challenging unsymmetrical bisindoles by treating indolyl α-hydroxy amides with substituted indoles. The unsymmetrical bisindoles are isolated in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagesan Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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12
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Arai T, Kuwano S, Suzuki T. 2-Iodoimidazolinium Salt-Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Reaction: Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methane Alkaloids. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ye L, Cai SH, Wang DX, Wang YQ, Lai LJ, Feng C, Loh TP. Photoredox Catalysis Induced Bisindolylation of Ethers/Alcohols via Sequential C-H and C-O Bond Cleavage. Org Lett 2017; 19:6164-6167. [PMID: 29112428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-engaged 2-fold site-selective alkylation of indole derivatives with aliphatic ethers or alcohols has been accomplished for easy access to symmetric 3,3'-bisindolylmethane derivatives. The experimental data suggest a sequential photoredox catalysis induced radical addition and proton-mediated Friedel-Crafts alkylation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ye
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Hu Cai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ding-Xing Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Qiu Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Jie Lai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
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14
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Zou Y, Chen C, Chen X, Zhang X, Rao W. Silica Gel Mediated Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of 3‐Indolylmethanols with Indoles: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bis(3‐indolyl)methanes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Cuili Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xianxiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
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15
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Singh RR, Liu RS. Gold-catalyzed oxidative couplings of two indoles with one aryldiazo cyanide under oxidant-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4593-4596. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of external oxidants, gold-catalyzed oxidative couplings of two indoles with one phenyldiazo cyanide are described; these annulations work well with a good range of diazo and indole species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing-Hua University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
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16
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Palmieri A, Petrini M. Sulfonyl Azoles in the Synthesis of 3-Functionalized Azole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1353-79. [PMID: 27147297 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl indoles, as well as related azolyl derivatives, have been recently introduced in synthesis as stable precursors of reactive indolenine intermediates. This personal account reports on the discovery of sulfonyl azoles and their practical utilization in many synthetic processes for the preparation of functionalized 3-substituted indoles, indazoles, and pyrroles. The indolenine intermediates obtained by treatment of sulfonyl azoles with Brønsted bases or Lewis acids can be considered as vinylogous imino derivatives that can be made to react with different nucleophilic reagents. These include organometallic reagents, reducing agents, stabilized carbanions, and heteronucleophiles. The controlled and mild conditions for the generation of indolenines from sulfonyl azoles make these substrates particularly useful in asymmetric synthesis, exploiting organo- or metal-catalyzed processes. Although less exploited, sulfonyl indoles can also be involved in photochemical processes for the preparation of polycyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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17
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Huang W, Yang J, Li X, Yuan L, Ma Y, Zhou Q, Liang D. Catalyst-free synthesis of 3-(1-arylsulfonylalkyl)indoles via three-component reaction of indoles, carbonyls, and arenesulfinic acids. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangguang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yinhai Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Qinglong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Ruichang No. 1 Middle School, Ruichang, China
| | - Deqiang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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18
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Wen H, Wang L, Xu L, Hao Z, Shao CL, Wang CY, Xiao J. Fluorinated Alcohol-Mediated SN1-Type Reaction of Indolyl Alcohols with Diverse Nucleophiles. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Luo G, Jing L, Qin D, Wang R, Jin L, Wu C, Yin M. Facile synthesis of 3-sec-alkyl substituted 7-azaindoles by Michael addition of carbon nucleophiles to vinylogous imine intermediates generated in situ from 3-(1-arylsulfonylalkyl)-7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Lancianesi S, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthetic Approaches to 3-(2-Nitroalkyl) Indoles and Their Use to Access Tryptamines and Related Bioactive Compounds. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7108-49. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400676v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lancianesi
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| |
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