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Efimov IV, Sultanova YV, Cicolella A, Talarico G, Voskressensky LG. Synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyridazines and pyrrolo[2,3- c]pyridines (6-azaindoles). Experimental and theoretical study. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6331-6341. [PMID: 39041071 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A new synthetic route towards 6-azaindoles (pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines) and pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazines starting from 4-aroyl pyrroles is described. This overall protocol involves: (i) the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction to obtain pyrrolo-2,3-dicarbonyles and (ii) condensation with hydrazines or glycine methyl ester. The reaction mechanism between pyrrolo-2,3-dicarbonyl with phenyl hydrazine and glycine methyl ester has been modelled using DFT calculations to prove the formation of one from two possible isomers of condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Efimov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative Compounds for Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya st, 6, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yana V Sultanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Giovanni Talarico
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino, 80138, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative Compounds for Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya st, 6, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis and practical applications of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4533-4546. [PMID: 32510092 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of pyrroles introducing a 2-nitroalkyl moiety allows the formation of nitro-containing compounds to be used as pivotal intermediates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The reaction of pyrroles with nitroalkenes under the Friedel-Crafts conditions allows a direct entry to 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. This approach can also be used for the preparation of enantioenriched derivatives exploiting asymmetric catalysis. In a complementary fashion, the Henry reaction between 2-formylpyrroles and nitroalkanes generates the corresponding nitroaldol products which upon dehydration and reduction of the intermediate 2-pyrrolylnitroethene efficiently afford 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. This review article summarizes the most relevant procedures for the preparation of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles during the last two decades as well as their significant practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
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3
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Bai B, Xu F, Yang J, Zhang G, Mao D, Wang N. Synthesis of 3-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrroles Catalyzed by AlCl3. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Nomiyama S, Ogura T, Ishida H, Aoki K, Tsuchimoto T. Indium-Catalyzed Regioselective β-Alkylation of Pyrroles with Carbonyl Compounds and Hydrosilanes and Its Application to Construction of a Quaternary Carbon Center with a β-Pyrrolyl Group. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5178-5197. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nomiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuki Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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5
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Chen P, Yang Q, Lu S, Wang P, Liu Y, Li C. Enantiomeric Catalytic Formal Thiolation of 2,5-Dimethyl-3-[1-(arylsulfonyl)alkyl]pyrroles in an Oil/Water Biphasic System. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 116023 Dalian P. R. China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 116023 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 116023 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 116023 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 116023 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 116023 Dalian P. R. China
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6
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Palmieri A, Petrini M. Sulfonyl Azoles in the Synthesis of 3-Functionalized Azole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1353-79. [PMID: 27147297 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl indoles, as well as related azolyl derivatives, have been recently introduced in synthesis as stable precursors of reactive indolenine intermediates. This personal account reports on the discovery of sulfonyl azoles and their practical utilization in many synthetic processes for the preparation of functionalized 3-substituted indoles, indazoles, and pyrroles. The indolenine intermediates obtained by treatment of sulfonyl azoles with Brønsted bases or Lewis acids can be considered as vinylogous imino derivatives that can be made to react with different nucleophilic reagents. These include organometallic reagents, reducing agents, stabilized carbanions, and heteronucleophiles. The controlled and mild conditions for the generation of indolenines from sulfonyl azoles make these substrates particularly useful in asymmetric synthesis, exploiting organo- or metal-catalyzed processes. Although less exploited, sulfonyl indoles can also be involved in photochemical processes for the preparation of polycyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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7
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Boiaryna L, Azizi MS, El Bouakher A, Picard B, Taillier C, Othman M, Trabelsi-Ayadi M, Dalla V. Sequential Friedel–Crafts-Type α-Amidoalkylation/Intramolecular Hydroarylation: Distinct Advantage of Combined Tf2NH/Cationic LAu(I) as a Consecutive or Binary Bicatalytic System. Org Lett 2015; 17:2130-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Boiaryna
- Unité
de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, l’Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, Le Havre 76058 Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Salah Azizi
- Unité
de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, l’Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, Le Havre 76058 Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
d’Application de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles
et à l’Environnement-LACReSNE-Faculté des Sciences
de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisie
| | - Abderrahman El Bouakher
- Unité
de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, l’Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, Le Havre 76058 Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Picard
- Unité
de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, l’Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, Le Havre 76058 Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Taillier
- Unité
de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, l’Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, Le Havre 76058 Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Unité
de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, l’Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, Le Havre 76058 Cedex, France
| | - Malika Trabelsi-Ayadi
- Laboratoire
d’Application de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles
et à l’Environnement-LACReSNE-Faculté des Sciences
de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisie
| | - Vincent Dalla
- Unité
de Recherche en Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire (URCOM, EA 3221, FR CNRS 3038), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, l’Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, Le Havre 76058 Cedex, France
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8
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Luo G, Jing L, Qin D, Wang R, Jin L, Wu C, Yin M. Facile synthesis of 3-sec-alkyl substituted 7-azaindoles by Michael addition of carbon nucleophiles to vinylogous imine intermediates generated in situ from 3-(1-arylsulfonylalkyl)-7-azaindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Nomiyama S, Tsuchimoto T. Metal-Free Regioselective β-Alkylation of Pyrroles with Carbonyl Compounds and Hydrosilanes: Use of a Brønsted Acid as a Catalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Zhu Y, Back TG. Preparation of 1,7- and 3,9-Dideazapurines from 2-Amino-3-iodo- and 3-Amino-4-iodopyridines and Activated Acetylenes by Conjugate Addition and Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11270-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502150v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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11
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Lancianesi S, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthetic Approaches to 3-(2-Nitroalkyl) Indoles and Their Use to Access Tryptamines and Related Bioactive Compounds. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7108-49. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400676v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lancianesi
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School
of Science and Technology,
Chemistry Division, Università di Camerino, via S. Agostino,
1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
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