1
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Zhou Y, Liao KS, Chen TY, Hsieh YSY, Wong CH. Effective Organotin-Mediated Regioselective Functionalization of Unprotected Carbohydrates. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37167441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of unprotected carbohydrates at a secondary OH group in the presence of primary OH groups based on the commonly used organotin-mediated reaction has been improved. We found that the preactivation of the dibutylstannylene acetal intermediate with tetrabutylammonium bromide in toluene is a key to the improved condition for the efficient, high-yielding, and regioselective tosylation, benzoylation, or benzylation of unprotected carbohydrates. The counteranion of tetrabutylammonium ion with a weak coordination ability plays a crucial role in the improved regioselective reactions. A convenient access to the intermediates of synthetic value is also demonstrated in the organotin-mediated regioselective tosylation of unprotected carbohydrates, followed by the nucleophilic inversion reaction to give sulfur-containing and azide-modified carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shiang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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2
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Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Catalytic Approaches to Chemo- and Site-Selective Transformation of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6793-6838. [PMID: 37126370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a fundamental unit playing pivotal roles in all the biological processes. It is thus essential to develop methods for synthesizing, functionalizing, and manipulating carbohydrates for further understanding of their functions and the creation of sugar-based functional materials. It is, however, not trivial to develop such methods, since carbohydrates are densely decorated with polar and similarly reactive hydroxy groups in a stereodefined manner. New approaches to chemo- and site-selective transformations of carbohydrates are, therefore, of great significance for revolutionizing sugar chemistry to enable easier access to sugars of interest. This review begins with a brief overview of the innate reactivity of hydroxy groups of carbohydrates. It is followed by discussions about catalytic approaches to enhance, override, or be orthogonal to the innate reactivity for the transformation of carbohydrates. This review avoids making a list of chemo- and site-selective reactions, but rather focuses on summarizing the concept behind each reported transformation. The literature references were sorted into sections based on the underlying ideas of the catalytic approaches, which we hope will help readers have a better sense of the current state of chemistry and develop innovative ideas for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Liang XY, Liu AL, Shawn Fan HJ, Wang L, Xu ZN, Ding XG, Huang BS. TsOH-catalyzed acyl migration reaction of the Bz-group: innovative assembly of various building blocks for the synthesis of saccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1537-1548. [PMID: 36723045 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed an efficient method to achieve the regioselective acyl migration of benzoyl ester. In all the cases, the reactions required only the commercially available organic acid catalyst TsOH·H2O. This method enables the benzoyl group to migrate from secondary groups to primary hydroxyl groups, or from equatorial secondary hydroxyl groups to axial hydroxyl groups. The 1,2 or 1,3 acyl migration would potentially occur via five- and six-membered cyclic ortho acid intermediates. A wide range of orthogonally protected monosaccharides, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of natural oligosaccharides, were synthesized. Finally, to demonstrate the utility of the method, a tetrasaccharide portion from a mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharide was assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yong Liang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - An-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Hua-Jun Shawn Fan
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Zhi-Ning Xu
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Xin-Gang Ding
- School of Chemistry Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Bo-Shun Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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4
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Li T, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhuang H, Wang F, Wang N, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Divergent Synthesis of Core m1, Core m2 and Core m3
O
‐Mannosyl
Glycopeptides via a Chemoenzymatic Approach. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Youqin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Haoru Zhuang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | | | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
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5
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Sun T, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Jiang Y, Liu S. Photoredox-Copper Dual-Catalyzed Site-Selective O-Alkylation of Glycosides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Petitpoisson L, Pichette A, Alsarraf J. Towards better syntheses of partially methylated carbohydrates? Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We give an overview of the reported synthetic strategies towards partially methylated glycosides and discuss how better protocols could stem from catalytic site-selective transformations of carbohydrates and cleaner methylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Petitpoisson
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
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7
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Ren B, Wang J, Zhang M, Chen Y, Zhao W. A Chiral Copper Catalyzed Site‐Selective O‐Alkylation of Carbohydrates. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- College of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Jinsui Avenue 191 Xinxiang Henan 453003 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang Henan 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang Henan 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang Henan 464000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Holmstedt S, Efimov A, Candeias NR. O,O-Silyl Group Migrations in Quinic Acid Derivatives: An Opportunity for Divergent Synthesis. Org Lett 2021; 23:3083-3087. [PMID: 33826343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The O,O-silyl group migrations on a quinic acid-derived cyclitol have been studied, and the ease of migration was observed to be dependent on the silicon substituents and reaction conditions. Conditions were found to improve the formation of a main isomer during the O,O-silyl group migrations that could be integrated into the formal synthesis of vitamin D receptor modulator VS-105 and in the first total synthesis of a metabolite from the African ant Crematogaster nigriceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Holmstedt
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Dorokhova VS, Gerbst AG, Komarova BS, Previato JO, Previato LM, Dmitrenok AS, Shashkov AS, Krylov VB, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis and conformational analysis of vicinally branched trisaccharide β-d-Galf-(1 → 2)-[β-d-Galf-(1 → 3)-]-α-Galp from Cryptococcus neoformans galactoxylomannan. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2923-2931. [PMID: 33471013 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a vicinally branched trisaccharide composed of two d-galactofuranoside residues attached viaβ-(1 → 2)- and β-(1 → 3)-linkages to the α-d-galactopyranoside unit has been performed for the first time. The reported trisaccharide represents the galactoxylomannan moiety first described in 2017, which is the capsular polysaccharide of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans responsible for life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. The NMR-data reported here for the synthetic model trisaccharide are in good agreement with the previously assessed structure of galactoxylomannan and are useful for structural analysis of related polysaccharides. The target trisaccharide as well as the constituent disaccharides were analyzed by a combination of computational and NMR methods to demonstrate good convergence of the theoretical and experimental results. The results suggest that the furanoside ring conformation may strongly depend on the aglycon structure. The reported conformational tendencies are important for further analysis of carbohydrate-protein interaction, which is critical for the host response toward C. neoformans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Dorokhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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10
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Solvent-Free Approaches in Carbohydrate Synthetic Chemistry: Role of Catalysis in Reactivity and Selectivity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their abundance in biomass and availability at a low cost, carbohydrates are very useful precursors for products of interest in a broad range of scientific applications. For example, they can be either converted into basic chemicals or used as chiral precursors for the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules, even including nonsaccharide targets; in addition, there is also a broad interest toward the potential of synthetic sugar-containing structures in the field of functional materials. Synthetic elaboration of carbohydrates, in both the selective modification of functional groups and the assembly of oligomeric structures, is not trivial and often entails experimentally demanding approaches practiced by specialized groups. Over the last years, a large number of solvent-free synthetic methods have appeared in the literature, often being endowed with several advantages such as greenness, experimental simplicity, and a larger scope than analogous reactions in solution. Most of these methods are catalytically promoted, and the catalyst often plays a key role in the selectivity associated with the process. This review aims to describe the significant recent contributions in the solvent-free synthetic chemistry of carbohydrates, devoting a special critical focus on both the mechanistic role of the catalysts employed and the differences evidenced so far with corresponding methods in solution.
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11
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Mukherjee MM, Maity SK, Ghosh R. One-pot construction of carbohydrate scaffolds mediated by metal catalysts. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32450-32475. [PMID: 35516477 PMCID: PMC9056687 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05355d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the environmental concern worldwide and also due to cost, time and labour issues, use of one-pot reactions [domino/cascade/tandem/multi-component (MC) or sequential] has gained much attention among the scientific and industrial communities for the generation of compound libraries having different scaffolds. Inclusion of sugars in such compounds is expected to increase the pharmacological efficacy because of the possibility of better interactions with the receptors of such unnatural glycoconjugates. In many of the one-pot transformations, the presence of a metal salt/complex can improve the reaction/change the course of reaction with remarkable increase in chemo-/regio-/stereo-selectivity. On the other hand because of the importance of natural polymeric glycoconjugates in life processes, the development and efficient synthesis of related oligosaccharides, particularly utilising one-pot MC-glycosylation techniques are necessary. The present review is an endeavour to discuss one-pot transformations involving carbohydrates catalysed by a metal salt/complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | | | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India
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12
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Kuwano S, Hosaka Y, Arai T. Chiral Benzazaborole‐Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfonylation of Unprotected Carbohydrate Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:12920-12923. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kuwano
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC)Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center (CIRIC)Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC)Synthetic Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceChiba University 1–33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yusei Hosaka
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC)Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center (CIRIC)Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC)Synthetic Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceChiba University 1–33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Arai
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC)Chiba Iodine Resource Innovation Center (CIRIC)Molecular Chirality Research Center (MCRC)Synthetic Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceChiba University 1–33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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13
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Shimada N, Nakamura Y, Ochiai T, Makino K. Catalytic Activation of Cis-Vicinal Diols by Boronic Acids: Site-Selective Acylation of Carbohydrates. Org Lett 2019; 21:3789-3794. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ochiai
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Makino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Drug Development and Medical Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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14
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Wang T, Demchenko AV. Synthesis of carbohydrate building blocks via regioselective uniform protection/deprotection strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4934-4950. [PMID: 31044205 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Discussed herein is the synthesis of partially protected carbohydrates by manipulating only one type of a protecting group for a given substrate. The first focus of this review is the uniform protection of an unprotected starting material in a way that only one (or two) hydroxyl group remains unprotected. The second focus involves regioselective partial deprotection of uniformly protected compounds in a way that only one (or two) hydroxyl group becomes liberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St Louis, One University Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St Louis, One University Boulevard, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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15
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Vucko T, Pellegrini Moïse N, Lamandé-Langle S. Value-added carbohydrate building blocks by regioselective O-alkylation of C-glucosyl compounds. Carbohydr Res 2019; 477:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Aroyl and acyl cyanides as orthogonal protecting groups or as building blocks for the synthesis of heterocycles. Mol Divers 2019; 23:1065-1084. [PMID: 30666490 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
α-Cyanoketones represent a synthetically attractive scaffold possessing bifunctional reactivity which enabled synthesis of a diversity of products. This involves reaction of nucleophiles with electrophilic carbonyl carbon performing an efficient and regioselective way to acylation reaction, cycloaddition of activated cyano function with dipolarophiles, metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling carbocyanation across C-C multiple bonds as well as hydrocyanation. This review provides the recent developments in the chemistry of α-cyanoketones which will be beneficial for researchers and scientists in such field.
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17
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Dimakos V, Taylor MS. Site-Selective Functionalization of Hydroxyl Groups in Carbohydrate Derivatives. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11457-11517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dimakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhao FL, Luo T, Pei Z, Dong H. Regio/Stereoselective Glycosylation of Diol and Polyol Acceptors in Efficient Synthesis of Neu5Ac-α-2,3-LacNPhth Trisaccharide. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:223-234. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science&Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Fu-Long Zhao
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science&Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tao Luo
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science&Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Pei
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Northwest A&F University; Yangling 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science&Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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19
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Kosar N, Ayub K, Mahmood T. Accurate theoretical method for homolytic cleavage of C Sn bond: A benchmark approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Li T, Li T, Cui T, Sun Y, Wang F, Cao H, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Regioselective One-Pot Benzoylation of Triol and Tetraol Arrays in Carbohydrates. Org Lett 2018; 20:3862-3865. [PMID: 29932662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protection of 2,3,4- O-unprotected α-galacto- and α-fucopyranosides with BzCN and DMAP/DIPEA as the base afforded directly and regioselectively the 3- O-unprotected derivatives. The rationale for these studies was to take advantage of the eventual cooperativity of the "cyanide effect" and "the alkoxy group mediated diol effect". This way, even the totally unprotected α-galactopyranosides could be regioselectively transformed into the corresponding 2,4,6- O-protected derivatives. The great utility of these building blocks was demonstrated in efficient trisaccharide syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Wenhua West Road #44 , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Wenhua West Road #44 , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Tongxiao Cui
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Wenhua West Road #44 , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Yajing Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Wenhua West Road #44 , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Wenhua West Road #44 , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Wenhua West Road #44 , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
| | - Richard R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Wenhua West Road #44 , Jinan , Shandong 250012 , China
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21
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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22
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Waseem MA, Lone AM, Teli B, Bhat BA. Catalyst Free Selective Monobenzoylation of Diols with Benzoyl Cyanide: A Robust and Regioselective Strategy. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Abdul Waseem
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu & Kashmir India- 190005
| | - Ali Mohd Lone
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu & Kashmir India- 190005
| | - Bisma Teli
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu & Kashmir India- 190005
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR); India
| | - Bilal A. Bhat
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine; Jammu & Kashmir India- 190005
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR); India
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23
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Komarova BS, Dorokhova VS, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis of a biotinylated penta-α-(1→6)-d-glucoside based on the rational design of an α-stereoselective glucosyl donor. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of a protecting group pattern in a glucosyl donor allows for the α-selective synthesis of biotinylated pentasaccharides corresponding to the fragment of the α-(1→6)-glucans of Helicobacter pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S. Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Vera S. Dorokhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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24
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Xu H, Zhang Y, Dong H, Lu Y, Pei Y, Pei Z. Organotin-catalyzed regioselective benzylation of carbohydrate trans-diols. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Li X, Yang Q. Scalable Sn-Catalyzed Regioselective Allylation of 1-Methyl-l-α-rhamnopyranoside. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Li
- Process
Development, Dow AgroSciences, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Qiang Yang
- Process
Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
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26
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Donthulachitti C, Kothakapu SR, Shekunti RK, Neella CK. [DMAPTs] +
Cl −
: A Promising Versatile Regioselective Tosyl Transfer Reagent. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Donthulachitti
- Department of 5-Yr M.Sc. Chemistry; University College; Palamuru University; Mahabubanagar, Telangana 509001 India
| | - Sridhar Reddy Kothakapu
- Department of 5-Yr M.Sc. Chemistry; University College; Palamuru University; Mahabubanagar, Telangana 509001 India
| | - Ravi Kumar Shekunti
- Department of 5-Yr M.Sc. Chemistry; University College; Palamuru University; Mahabubanagar, Telangana 509001 India
| | - Chandra Kiran Neella
- Department of 5-Yr M.Sc. Chemistry; University College; Palamuru University; Mahabubanagar, Telangana 509001 India
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27
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Gouasmat A, Lemétais A, Solles J, Bourdreux Y, Beau JM. Catalytic Iron(III) Chloride Mediated Site-Selective Protection of Mono- and Disaccharides and One Trisaccharide. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gouasmat
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Aurélie Lemétais
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Julien Solles
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Yann Bourdreux
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301; Univ. Paris-Sud; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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28
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Ren B, Lv J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Dong H. Highly Efficient Selective Benzylation of Carbohydrates Catalyzed by Iron(III) with Silver Oxide and Bromide Anion as Co-catalysts. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Hongshan Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Hongshan Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Hongshan Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Jun Tian
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Hongshan Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Hongshan Wuhan P.R. China
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29
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Park Y, Harper KC, Kuhl N, Kwan EE, Liu RY, Jacobsen EN. Macrocyclic bis-thioureas catalyze stereospecific glycosylation reactions. Science 2017; 355:162-166. [PMID: 28082586 PMCID: PMC5671764 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are involved in nearly all aspects of biochemistry, but their complex chemical structures present long-standing practical challenges to their synthesis. In particular, stereochemical outcomes in glycosylation reactions are highly dependent on the steric and electronic properties of coupling partners; thus, carbohydrate synthesis is not easily predictable. Here we report the discovery of a macrocyclic bis-thiourea derivative that catalyzes stereospecific invertive substitution pathways of glycosyl chlorides. The utility of the catalyst is demonstrated in the synthesis of trans-1,2-, cis-1,2-, and 2-deoxy-β-glycosides. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a cooperative mechanism in which an electrophile and a nucleophile are simultaneously activated to effect a stereospecific substitution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kaid C Harper
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nadine Kuhl
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eugene E Kwan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Richard Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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30
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Ren B, Yan N, Gan L. Regioselective alkylation of carbohydrates and diols: a cheaper iron catalyst, new applications and mechanism. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a much cheaper iron catalyst, Fe(dipm)3, which has a good catalytic efficiency in regioselective alkylation of carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang
- P. R. China
| | - Ningning Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Xinyang Normal University
- Xinyang
- P. R. China
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31
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Hashimoto Y, Tanikawa S, Saito R, Sasaki K. β-Stereoselective Mannosylation Using 2,6-Lactones. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14840-14843. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
| | - Saki Tanikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
| | - Kaname Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510 Japan
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32
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Xu H, Ren B, Zhao W, Xin X, Lu Y, Pei Y, Dong H, Pei Z. Regioselective mono and multiple alkylation of diols and polyols catalyzed by organotin and its applications on the synthesis of value-added carbohydrate intermediates. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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Lu Y, Hou C, Ren J, Xin X, Xu H, Pei Y, Dong H, Pei Z. Regioselective Benzoylation of Diols and Carbohydrates by Catalytic Amounts of Organobase. Molecules 2016; 21:E641. [PMID: 27196888 PMCID: PMC6274181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel metal-free organobase-catalyzed regioselective benzoylation of diols and carbohydrates has been developed. Treatment of diol and carbohydrate substrates with 1.1 equiv. of 1-benzoylimidazole and 0.2 equiv. of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in MeCN under mild conditions resulted in highly regioselective benzoylation for the primary hydroxyl group. Importantly, compared to most commonly used protecting bulky groups for primary hydroxyl groups, the benzoyl protective group offers a new protection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Chenxi Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jingli Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoting Xin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hengfu Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hai Dong
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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34
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Peng P, Linseis M, Winter RF, Schmidt RR. Regioselective Acylation of Diols and Triols: The Cyanide Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6002-9. [PMID: 27104625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Central topics of carbohydrate chemistry embrace structural modifications of carbohydrates and oligosaccharide synthesis. Both require regioselectively protected building blocks that are mainly available via indirect multistep procedures. Hence, direct protection methods targeting a specific hydroxy group are demanded. Dual hydrogen bonding will eventually differentiate between differently positioned hydroxy groups. As cyanide is capable of various kinds of hydrogen bonding and as it is a quite strong sterically nondemanding base, regioselective O-acylations should be possible at low temperatures even at sterically congested positions, thus permitting formation and also isolation of the kinetic product. Indeed, 1,2-cis-diols, having an equatorial and an axial hydroxy group, benzoyl cyanide or acetyl cyanide as an acylating agent, and DMAP as a catalyst yield at -78 °C the thermodynamically unfavorable axial O-acylation product; acyl migration is not observed under these conditions. This phenomenon was substantiated with 3,4-O-unproteced galacto- and fucopyranosides and 2,3-O-unprotected mannopyranosides. Even for 3,4,6-O-unprotected galactopyranosides as triols, axial 4-O-acylation is appreciably faster than O-acylation of the primary 6-hydroxy group. The importance of hydrogen bonding for this unusual regioselectivity could be confirmed by NMR studies and DFT calculations, which indicate favorable hydrogen bonding of cyanide to the most acidic axial hydroxy group supported by hydrogen bonding of the equatorial hydroxy group to the axial oxygen. Thus, the "cyanide effect" is due to dual hydrogen bonding of the axial hydroxy group which enhances the nucleophilicity of the respective oxygen atom, permitting an even faster reaction for diols than for mono-ols. In contrast, fluoride as a counterion favors dual hydrogen bonding to both hydroxy groups leading to equatorial O-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Linseis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Richard R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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35
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Ren B, Ramström O, Zhang Q, Ge J, Dong H. An Iron(III) Catalyst with Unusually Broad Substrate Scope in Regioselective Alkylation of Diols and Polyols. Chemistry 2016; 22:2481-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for; Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry; KTH-Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 30 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for; Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Jiantao Ge
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for; Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for; Energy Conversion and Storage; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Luoyu Road 1037 430074 Wuhan P.R. China
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36
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Jäger M, Minnaard AJ. Regioselective modification of unprotected glycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:656-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective modification of unprotected glycosides represents shortcuts in carbohydrate chemistry and enables efficient routes to complex derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jäger
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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37
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Saikam V, Dara S, Yadav M, Singh PP, Vishwakarma RA. Dimethyltin Dichloride Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of cis-1,2-Diols at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11916-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varma Saikam
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Saidulu Dara
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mahipal Yadav
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
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38
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Giordano M, Iadonisi A. Three Solvent-Free Catalytic Approaches to the Acetal Functionalization of Carbohydrates and Their Applicability to One-Pot Generation of Orthogonally Protected Building Blocks. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Synthesis and binding affinity analysis of positional thiol analogs of mannopyranose for the elucidation of sulfur in different position. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Lu S, Boyd RJ, Grindley TB. Role of Fluoride in Accelerating the Reactions of Dialkylstannylene Acetals. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2989-3002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502560q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Russell J. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - T. Bruce Grindley
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
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41
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Taylor MS. Catalyst-Controlled, Regioselective Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives. SITE-SELECTIVE CATALYSIS 2015; 372:125-55. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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42
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Adams MR, Bushnell EA, Bruce Grindley T, Boyd RJ. Organotin bond dissociation energies: An interesting challenge for contemporary computational methods. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Ren B, Rahm M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Dong H. Regioselective Acetylation of Diols and Polyols by Acetate Catalysis: Mechanism and Application. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8134-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501343x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Martin Rahm
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca 14853, New York, United States
- Department
of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
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