1
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Thorpe MP, Blackwell DJ, Knollmann BC, Johnston JN. Backbone-Determined Antiarrhythmic Structure-Activity Relationships for a Mirror Image, Oligomeric Depsipeptide Natural Product. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38958200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic oligomeric depsipeptides (COD) are a structural class within naturally occurring compounds with a wide range of biological activity. Verticilide is a COD (24-membered ring) that was identified by its inhibition of insect ryanodine receptor (RyR). We have since found that the enantiomer of verticilide (ent-verticilide, 1) is a potent inhibitor of mammalian RyR2, a cardiac calcium channel, and therefore a potential antiarrhythmic agent. Oddly, nat-verticilide does not inhibit RyR2. To further develop ent-verticilide as an antiarrhythmic, we explored potential SAR through systematic modification of the ester's functionality to both N-H and N-Me amides. The syntheses of these ent-verticilide-inspired analogs are detailed using a monomer-based platform enabled by enantioselective catalysis. Two analogs among 23 exhibited measurable reduction of calcium sparks in a functional assay of RyR2 activity. These findings illustrate the value of natural product-inspired therapeutic development, but the less-studied approach where the non-natural enantiomeric series harbors important SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine P Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Daniel J Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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2
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Larghi EL, Bracca ABJ, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS. Relevant Developments in the Use of Three-Component Reactions for the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. The last 15 Years. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300306. [PMID: 38647363 PMCID: PMC11095226 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a highly useful and valuable strategy that can fulfill an important role in synthesizing complex polysubstituted compounds, by simplifying otherwise long sequences and increasing their efficiency. The total synthesis of selected natural products employing three-component reactions as their common strategic MCR approach, is reviewed on a case-by-case basis with selected targets conquered during the last 15 years. The revision includes detailed descriptions of the selected successful sequences; relevant information on the isolation, and bioactivity of the different natural targets is also briefly provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L. Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Andrea B. J. Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Sebastian O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
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3
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Khan MEI, Cassini TL, Petrini M, Palmieri A. Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by domino reductive Nef reaction/cyclization of β-nitroenones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3299-3303. [PMID: 38577730 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
β-Nitroenones can be efficiently converted into 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by using tin(II)chloride dihydrate and ethyl acetate as a reducing agent and solvent, respectively. Products are obtained in good yields and several functional groups are tolerated thanks to the mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Lighuen Cassini
- University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Marino Petrini
- University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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4
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Liu S, Yang YC, Yang YQ, Li X, Wang P, Li YL, Deng J. Asymmetric Tandem Michael Addition/Interrupted Nef Reactions of Nitromethane with Oxindole-Derived Alkenes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro-polycyclic Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3279-3283. [PMID: 38578864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Chiral spiro-polycyclic oxindoles are valuable heterocyclic ring systems that are widely distributed in natural alkaloids and biologically active compounds. Herein, we reported an asymmetric tandem Michael addition/interrupted Nef reaction of nitromethane with oxindole-derived alkenes catalyzed by a chiral 2-aminobenzimidazole bifunctional organocatalyst. A series of novel enantiomerically enriched spiro-polycyclic oxindole derivatives bearing an oxime group were synthesized in moderate to excellent isolated yields (up to 99%) with an excellent level of enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Furthermore, the antiproliferation activity of the resulting oxindoles derivatives were evaluated, and compound 2d demonstrated promising anticancer properties against HCT116 (IC50 = 14.08 μM) and HT29 (IC50 = 15.46 μM) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengshu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yong-Qi Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta 30322, Georgia, United States
| | - Jun Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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5
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Marčeková M, Caletková O, Kalníková R, Litecká M, Moncol’ J, Jakubec P. Synthetic Chameleon Turns into Oximes, Nitrones, and Hydroxylamines when Exposed to Blue Light. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14262-14268. [PMID: 38559917 PMCID: PMC10976417 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free, user-friendly photochemical transformation of nitroalkanes to oximes, nitrones, and hydroxylamines has been developed. The visible-light-induced reactions are catalyzed by the readily available photoredox organocatalyst 4CzIPN and use inexpensive amines as reductants. Broad in scope and tolerant of multiple functional groups and heterocycles, the transformation proceeds under mild conditions. Its synthetic potential was demonstrated in the formal total synthesis of amathaspiramide F. A basic insight into the reaction mechanism was gained with the help of an NMR study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Marčeková
- Faculty
of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak
University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Ol’ga Caletková
- Faculty
of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak
University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Radka Kalníková
- Faculty
of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak
University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Litecká
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež 250
68, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Moncol’
- Faculty
of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak
University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Jakubec
- Faculty
of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak
University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
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6
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Huang J, Li T, Lu X, Ma D. Copper-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Nitroalkanes with (Hetero)aryl Bromides/Iodides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315994. [PMID: 38151905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Aryl substituted nitroalkanes are valuable synthetic building blocks that can be easily converted into α-aryl substituted aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, as well as amines. Herein, an efficient Cu/oxalamide-catalyzed coupling between nitroalkanes and (hetero)aryl halides (Br, I) was developed to direct access highly diverse α-aryl substituted nitroalkanes. Compared with the current state of art, this protocol is more environmentally friendly and practical for synthetic chemists. This approach is characterized by a broad substrate scope on both nitroalkane part (primary nitroalkanes and nitromethane) and sp2 halide part ((hetero)aryl bromides/iodides and alkenyl bromides/iodides). The excellent functional group tolerance was observed, which would enable real world synthetic applications. More importantly, TON of current transformation reached to 3640, when some aryl iodides were used as coupling partners. This represents currently the highest catalyst turnover for transition-metal catalyzed α-arylation of nitroalkanes. Furthermore, the successful application in late-stage modification of complex molecules and synthesis of a known retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist exemplified its synthetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Taian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaobiao Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Pokluda A, Zubova E, Chudoba J, Krupička M, Cibulka R. Catalytic artificial nitroalkane oxidases - a way towards organocatalytic umpolung. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2768-2774. [PMID: 36919409 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitroalkane oxidases (NAOs) are flavoenzymes that catalyse the oxidation of nitroalkanes to their corresponding carbonyl compounds while producing nitrite anions. Herein, we present an artificial catalytic system using flavins or ethylene-bridged flavinium salts that works via an NAO-like process. Under conditions optimised in terms of solvent, base, temperature and oxygen pressure, primary nitroalkanes were transformed to aldehydes. In our system, aldehydes immediately reacted with other nitroalkane molecules to form β-nitroalcohols. The reduced flavin catalyst was re-oxidised by oxygen. An alternative mechanism towards β-nitroalcohols via 5-(2-nitrobutyl)-1,5-dihydroflavin was suggested through quantum chemical calculations and by trapping and characterising this dihydroflavin intermediate. Interestingly, 5-(2-nitrobutyl)-1,5-dihydroflavin is an analogue of the flavin adenine dinucleotide adduct previously observed in an NAO X-ray structure. In both mechanistic pathways, flavin-5-iminium species is formed by nitroalkanide addition to flavin. This process represents flavin-based umpolung of an original donor to an acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pokluda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ekaterina Zubova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Chudoba
- Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krupička
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Interrupted Nef and Meyer Reactions: A Growing Point for Diversity-Oriented Synthesis Based on Nitro Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020686. [PMID: 36677743 PMCID: PMC9860707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Nef reaction (nitro to carbonyl group conversion) and related Meyer reaction are among the key transformations of aliphatic nitro compounds. The interrupted versions of these reactions in which the normal pathway is redirected to a different end product by an external nucleophile are much less common, albeit these processes substantially increase the synthetic potential of nitro compounds. In this review, examples of interrupted Nef and Meyer reactions are summarized, and the prospects of this methodology in diversity-oriented organic synthesis are analyzed. The bibliography contains 90 references.
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9
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Synthesis and Characterization of Multiple Functionalized Cyclohexanone Using Diels–Alder Reaction of α-Nitrocinnamate. REACTIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions3040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic study of the Diels–Alder reaction of α-nitrocinnamate was performed. The reaction of p-substituted α-nitrocinnamate with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadienes smoothly proceeded regardless of the p-substituent, which was either an electron-donating or -withdrawing group. A control reaction revealed that α-nitrocinnamate isomerized during the reaction. Danishefsly’s diene (1-methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene) facilitated cycloaddition under mild conditions to afford a cycloadduct without the alternation of the diastereomeric ratio. Moreover, the desilylation of the cycloadduct furnished multiple functionalized cyclohexanones.
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10
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Malykhin RS, Boyko YD, Nelyubina YV, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY. Interrupted Nef Reaction of Cyclic Nitronates: Diastereoselective Access to Densely Substituted α-Chloronitroso Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16617-16631. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman S. Malykhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Leninskie gory, 1, str. 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav D. Boyko
- UIUC: Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilova str. 28, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Simlandy AK, Rodphon W, Alturaifi TM, Mai BK, Ni HQ, Gurak JA, Liu P, Engle KM. Catalytic Addition of Nitroalkanes to Unactivated Alkenes via Directed Carbopalladation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Simlandy
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Warabhorn Rodphon
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Turki M. Alturaifi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John A. Gurak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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12
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Sharley JS, Gambacorta G, Collado Pérez AM, Ferri EE, Miranda AF, Quesada JS, Baxendale IR. Further investigations into imine-mediated formation of allylic nitro compounds. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Wang H, Wan N, Miao R, He C, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Identification and Structure Analysis of an Unusual Halohydrin Dehalogenase for Highly Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Enantioselective Bio‐Nitration of Epoxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205790. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Nan‐Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Run‐Ping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Cheng‐Li He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Yong‐Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province School of Pharmacy Zunyi Medical University Zunyi China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Yu‐Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China
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14
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Dihydrooxazine Byproduct of a McMurry–Melton Reaction en Route to a Synthetic Bacteriochlorin. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic route to gem-dimethyl-substituted bacteriochlorins—models of native bacteriochlorophylls—relies on the formation of a dihydrodipyrrin precursor via a series of established reactions: van Leusen pyrrole formation, Vilsmeier formylation, Henry reaction, borohydride reduction, Michael addition, and McMurry–Melton pyrroline formation. The latter is the least known of the series. Here, the McMurry–Melton reaction of a 2-(6-oxo-2-nitrohexyl)pyrrole in the presence of TiCl3 and an ammonium acetate buffer formed the expected Δ1-pyrroline, as well as an unexpected polar, cyclic byproduct (a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2-oxazin-6-ol), each attached to the 2-methylpyrrole unit. Both species were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The McMurry–Melton reaction is a type of intercepted Nef reaction (the transformation of a nitroalkyl motif into a carbonyl group), where both the Δ1-pyrroline and the dihydrooxazine derive from the reaction of the nitrogen derived from the nitro group upon complete or partial reductive deoxygenation, respectively, with the γ-keto group. The report also considers competing Nef and McMurry–Melton reactions, the nature of available TiCl3 reagents, and the use of ammonium acetate for buffering the TiCl3/HCl reagent.
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15
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Iwai K, Wada K, Nishiwaki N. Unusual Reactivities of ortho-Hydroxy-β-nitrostyrene. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154804. [PMID: 35956754 PMCID: PMC9369901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrostyrene derivatives are widely used in organic syntheses as a substrate for Michael addition, photoisomerization and cycloaddition. In contrast, ortho-hydroxy derivatives exhibit unusual behaviors in these reactions. Conjugate addition proceeded upon treatment of the ortho-hydroxy-β-nitrostyrene with an amine; however, subsequent C–C bond cleavage readily occurred to afford the corresponding imine. Moreover, conversion of the trans-isomer to a cis-isomer did not occur efficiently, even when UV light was irradiated. We studied these unusual behaviors of β-nitrostyrene, focusing on the role of the ortho-hydroxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Iwai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (K.I.); (K.W.)
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Khimiya Wada
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (K.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (K.I.); (K.W.)
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-887-57-2517
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16
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Hayashi Y. Diarylprolinol as an Effective Organocatalyst in Asymmetric Cross-aldol Reactions of Two Different Aldehydes. CHEM REC 2022:e202200159. [PMID: 35896950 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aldol reaction is one of the most important carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic chemistry. Asymmetric direct cross-aldol reaction of two different aldehydes has been regarded as a difficult reaction because of the side reactions such as self-aldol reaction and over reaction. We found that trifluoromethyl-substituted diarylprolinol, α,α-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-pyrrolidinemethanol (1), is an effective organocatalyst that promotes several cross-aldol reactions of aldehydes with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Acetaldehyde can be employed as a suitable nucleophilic aldehyde. Successful electrophilic aldehydes are ethyl glyoxylate, chloroacetaldehyde, dichloroacetaldehyde, chloral, α-alkyl-α-oxo aldehyde, trifluoroacetaldehyde, glyoxal, alkenyl aldehyde, alkynyl aldehyde, and formaldehyde. Some of the aldehydes are commercially available as a polymer solution, an aqueous solution, or in the hydrated form. They can be used directly in the asymmetric aldol reaction as a commercially available form, which is a synthetic advantage. Given that the obtained aldol products possess several functional groups along with a formyl moiety, they are synthetically useful chiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
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17
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Wang HH, Wan NW, Miao RP, He CL, Chen YZ, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Identification and Structure Analysis of an Unusual Halohydrin Dehalogenase for Highly Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Enantioselective Bio‐Nitration of Epoxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Wang
- Zunyi Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Zunyi Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | | | - Cheng-Li He
- Zunyi Medical University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | | | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Chaowang Rd. 18# 3100114 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering CHINA
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18
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Ivanov R, Zharkov M, Zlotin SG. UV‐induced C‐H functionalization of alkanes with NO2 in supercritical carbon dioxide medium. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ivanov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Nazarov laboratory of fine organic synthesis RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Mikhail Zharkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Nazarov laboratory of fine organic synthesis RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sergei G. Zlotin
- N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Laboratory of fine organic synthesis Leninsky prosp.House 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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19
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Hsu YY, Luo SQ, Hong BC, Chien SY. A mild one-pot transformation of nitroalkanes to ketones or aldehydes via a visible-light photocatalysis-hydrolysis sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3292-3302. [PMID: 35388394 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a visible-light photoredox catalysis strategy with household decorative blue LEDs and the additives Et3N and DIPEA, as well as the subsequent hydrolysis sequence, a mild one-pot process for the direct transformation of nitroalkanes to the corresponding ketones and aldehydes, constituting a Nef-like reaction, has been developed. It is worth noting that by using an appropriate photocatalyst (e.g., [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6) and the extra additive Et3N with the combination of DIPEA and Mg(ClO4)2 in i-PrOH (instead of CH3CN), the transformation of nitroalkanes to the corresponding oximes, rather than nitrones, can be markedly more effective. The oximes can then be hydrolyzed to ketones by reaction with CuCl2·2H2O in a pH 7 buffer solution. This process is appealing because of the benefits of efficient conversion, mild conditions, high yields, and general applicability to compounds with a wide range of labile functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yin Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Qi Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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20
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Ballini R, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Catalysts’ evolution in the asymmetric conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to electron-poor alkenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01341j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a journey of the catalyst usage for the enantioselective conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to electron-poor olefins from the early attempts to the latest achievements. Selected applications are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ballini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, CHIP, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, CHIP, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, CHIP, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
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21
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Wu Z, Li X, Li T, Xiao T, Jiang Y, Qin G. Fe-catalyzed denitrative cyanoalkylation of nitroalkenes with cycloketone oxime esters via reductive C–C bond formation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An iron catalyzed reductive denitrative cyanoalkylation of nitroalkenes with cycloketone oxime esters using Zn as the reductant has been successfully established in which the NO2 of nitroalkenes eventually acts as a leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Wu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tiebo Xiao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Jiang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guiping Qin
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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22
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Disadee W, Ruchirawat S. Oxazaborolidine-catalyzed reductive parallel kinetic resolution of ketones from β-nitro-azabicycles for the synthesis of chiral hypoestestatins 1, 2. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8794-8805. [PMID: 34586134 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01608c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the synthesis of 13a-methyl tylophora alkaloids has been reported. The key features included two different synthetic pathways targeted at transforming the β-nitro-azabicycle to the phenanthrene core. The successful steps involved the oxidation of the nitro-piperidine moiety to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone, and an oxidative biaryl coupling reaction for phenanthrene ring formation. Finally, the desired product was obtained via a formal reductive removal of the hydroxyl group. This methodology has been applied for the synthesis of 13a-methyl tylophora alkaloids in up to 65% yield over six steps from β-nitro-azabicycles. Both natural and unnatural enantioenriched hypoestestatins 1 and 2, and related compounds were synthesized using parallel kinetic resolution of the CBS-oxazaborolidine-catalyzed reduction of racemic ketones to provide two separable diastereomeric alcohols in combined yields up to 91% and with high enantioselectvity (up to 89% ee). In addition, the catalytic asymmetric reduction to seco-hypoestestatins 1 and 2 has been reported for the first time. Thus, the ability to develop the racemic mixtures to both enatioenriched forms offers benefit for various biological assays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannaporn Disadee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. .,Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,The Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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23
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Wang Z, Yue G, Ji X, Song H, Yan P, Zhao J, Jia X. Tandem Michael Addition-Cyclization of Nitroalkenes with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Accompanied by Removal of Nitro Group. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14131-14143. [PMID: 34494850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A tandem Michael addition-cyclization of nitroalkenes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was developed using phase transfer catalyst (PTC), allowing for the synthesis of polysubstituted-[4,5]-dihydrofuran in high yields. A wide range of substrates were demonstrated by this one-step process. Meanwhile, nitro group was substituted to form corresponding nitrite ion detected in the aqueous phase providing a reasonable pathway for denitrating poisonous and explosive nitro-containing compounds. The proposed mechanism was also supported by our DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Guoren Yue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Hai Song
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Penji Yan
- Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Analysis and Testing Center, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China
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24
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Zhou C, Lv J, Xu W, Lu H, Kato T, Liu Y, Maruoka K. Highly Selective Monoalkylation of Active Methylene and Related Derivatives using Alkylsilyl Peroxides by a Catalytic CuI‐DMAP System. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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25
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Aksenov AV, Grishin IY, Aksenov NA, Malyuga VV, Aksenov DA, Nobi MA, Rubin M. Electrophilically Activated Nitroalkanes in Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinozalines. Molecules 2021; 26:4274. [PMID: 34299549 PMCID: PMC8306411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroalkanes activated with polyphosphoric acid serve as efficient electrophiles in reactions with various nucleophilic amines. Strategically placed second functionality allows for the design of annulation reactions enabling preparation of various heterocycles. This strategy was employed to develop an innovative synthetic approach towards 3,4-dihydroquinazolines from readily available 2-(aminomethyl)anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (I.Y.G.); (N.A.A.); (V.V.M.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Igor Yu. Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (I.Y.G.); (N.A.A.); (V.V.M.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (I.Y.G.); (N.A.A.); (V.V.M.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Vladimir V. Malyuga
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (I.Y.G.); (N.A.A.); (V.V.M.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dmitrii A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (I.Y.G.); (N.A.A.); (V.V.M.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Mezvah A. Nobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., 355017 Stavropol, Russia; (I.Y.G.); (N.A.A.); (V.V.M.); (D.A.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
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26
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Antonova YA, Ioffe SL, Sukhorukov AY, Tabolin AA. Sequential Acylation/Silylation/Hetero‐Claisen Rearrangement of Nitroalkanes for the Synthesis of Protected Hydroxyoxime Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Antonova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie gory 1 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Andrey A. Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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27
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Lupidi G, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Enantioselective Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Derivatives Using Electrophilic Open‐Chain
N
‐Activated Ketimines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Lupidi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division Università di Camerino via S.Agostino, 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division Università di Camerino via S.Agostino, 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division Università di Camerino via S.Agostino, 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy
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28
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Maule I, Razzetti G, Restelli A, Palmieri A, Colombo C, Ballini R. Thermal Stability Evaluation of Nitroalkanes with Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Maule
- Dipharma Francis S.r.l., Via Bissone, 5, Baranzate, 20021 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Razzetti
- Dipharma Francis S.r.l., Via Bissone, 5, Baranzate, 20021 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Palmieri
- Green Chemistry Group-School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Dipharma Francis S.r.l., Via Bissone, 5, Baranzate, 20021 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Ballini
- Green Chemistry Group-School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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29
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Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis and practical applications of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4533-4546. [PMID: 32510092 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of pyrroles introducing a 2-nitroalkyl moiety allows the formation of nitro-containing compounds to be used as pivotal intermediates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The reaction of pyrroles with nitroalkenes under the Friedel-Crafts conditions allows a direct entry to 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. This approach can also be used for the preparation of enantioenriched derivatives exploiting asymmetric catalysis. In a complementary fashion, the Henry reaction between 2-formylpyrroles and nitroalkanes generates the corresponding nitroaldol products which upon dehydration and reduction of the intermediate 2-pyrrolylnitroethene efficiently afford 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. This review article summarizes the most relevant procedures for the preparation of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles during the last two decades as well as their significant practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
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30
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Yu SJ, Zhu YN, Ye JL, Huang PQ. A versatile approach to functionalized cyclic ketones bearing quaternary carbon stereocenters via organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to cyclic β-substituted α,β-Enones. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Qu Z, Zhu H, Grimme S. Mechanistic Insights for Nitromethane Activation into Reactive Nitrogenating Reagents. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
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32
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Lupidi G, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis of Nitro Alcohols by Riboflavin Promoted Tandem Nef‐Henry Reactions on Nitroalkanes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Lupidi
- School of Science and Technology Chemistry Division University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology Chemistry Division University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology Chemistry Division University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino
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33
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Puleo TR, Sujansky SJ, Wright SE, Bandar JS. Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research. Chemistry 2021; 27:4216-4229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Stephen J. Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Shawn E. Wright
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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34
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Aksenov AV, Aksenov NA, Kirilov NK, Skomorokhov AA, Aksenov DA, Kurenkov IA, Sorokina EA, Nobi MA, Rubin M. Does electrophilic activation of nitroalkanes in polyphosphoric acid involve formation of nitrile oxides? RSC Adv 2021; 11:35937-35945. [PMID: 35492804 PMCID: PMC9043268 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06503c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic rationale involving activation of nitroalkanes towards interaction with nucleophilic reagents in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was re-evaluated. Could nitrile oxide moieties be formed during this process? This experiment demonstrates that at least in some cases this could happen, as generated nitrile oxides were successfully intercepted as adducts of [3 + 2] cycloadditions. The mechanistic rationale involving activation of nitroalkanes towards interaction with nucleophilic reagents in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was re-evaluated. Could nitrile oxide moieties be formed during this process?![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Nicolai A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Nikita K. Kirilov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Anton A. Skomorokhov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Dmitrii A. Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Igor A. Kurenkov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
| | - Elena A. Sorokina
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Mezvah A. Nobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355017, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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35
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Namirembe S, Yan L, Morken JP. Studies toward the Synthesis of Amphidinolide C1: Stereoselective Construction of the C(1)-C(15) Segment. Org Lett 2020; 22:9174-9177. [PMID: 33180502 PMCID: PMC7982962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of the C(1)-C(15) segment of the marine natural product amphidinolide C has been accomplished by a route that includes a stereoselective boron-Wittig reaction to furnish a trisubstituted alkenylboronate. In addition, the route employs enantioselective alkene diboration to install the C(6) hydroxyl group which undergoes intramolecular conjugate addition to establish a tetrahydrofuran ring. Lastly, a catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is accomplished to construct the C(9)-C(10) bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Namirembe
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Lu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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36
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Yoshimura T, Umeda Y, Takahashi R, Matsuo JI. Development of Nitrolactonization Mediated by Iron(III) Nitrate Nonahydrate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:1220-1225. [PMID: 33268654 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nitrolactonization of alkenyl carboxylic acids mediated by Fe(NO3)3·9H2O has been developed. Nitrolactones were obtained in up to 93% yield by treatment of alkenyl carboxylic acids with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. Mechanistic studies disclosed that the reaction proceeded through a radical intermediate generated from addition of NO2 to alkenyl carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yoshimura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Yuki Umeda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Risako Takahashi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Jun-Ichi Matsuo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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37
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Ranjbari MA, Tavakol H, Manoukian M. Regioselective and solvent-free arylation of β-nitrostyrenes with mono- and dialkyl anilines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Sun X, Meng F, Su Q, Luo K, Ju P, Liu Z, Li X, Li G, Wu Q. New catalytically active conjugated microporous polymer bearing ordered salen-Cu and porphyrin moieties for Henry reaction in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13582-13587. [PMID: 32970055 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A catalytically active conjugated microporous polymer (SP-CMP-Cu) was facilely constructed with condensation polymerization of salen-Cu (salen = N,N'-bis(3-tertbutyl-5-formylsalicylidene) ethylenediamine) and pyrrole. The as-synthesized SP-CMP-Cu was completely characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The morphological features of SP-CMP-Cu were revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of SP-CMP-Cu was calculated to be 252 m2 g-1 with a total pore volume of 0.178 cm3 g-1. SP-CMP-Cu exhibited an outstanding catalytic performance for the Henry reaction in aqueous solutions with excellent conversion and good selectivity. Moreover, SP-CMP-Cu can be reused for up to five consecutive runs without any significant loss in its catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Fanyu Meng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Su
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kexin Luo
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Pengyao Ju
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Ziqian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Guanghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiaolin Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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Abstract
Chemistry of nitro groups and nitro compounds has long been intensively studied. Despite their long history, new reactions and methodologies are still being found today. This is due to the diverse reactivity of the nitro group. The importance of nitro chemistry will continue to increase in the future in terms of elaborate synthesis. In this article, we will take a walk through the recent advances in nitro chemistry that have been made in past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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40
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Hayashi Y, Wang X, Kawauchi G. Highly Enantioselective Access to syn-α,γ-Dihydroxycarbonyl Building Blocks via Organocatalyst-mediated Aldol Reaction as a Key Step. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Genki Kawauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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41
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Thapa P, Hazoor S, Chouhan B, Vuong TT, Foss FW. Flavin Nitroalkane Oxidase Mimics Compatibility with NOx/TEMPO Catalysis: Aerobic Oxidization of Alcohols, Diols, and Ethers. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9096-9105. [PMID: 32569467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic flavin organocatalysts oxidize nitromethane to formaldehyde and NOx-providing a relatively nontoxic, noncaustic, and inexpensive source for catalytic NO2 for aerobic TEMPO oxidations of alcohols, diols, and ethers. Alcohols were oxidized to aldehydes or ketones, cyclic ethers to esters, and terminal diols to lactones. In situ trapping of NOx and formaldehyde suggest an oxidative Nef process reminiscent of flavoprotein nitroalkane oxidase reactivity, which is achieved by relatively stable 1,10-bridged flavins. The metal-free flavin/NOx/TEMPO catalytic cycles are uniquely compatible, especially compared to other Nef and NOx-generating processes, and reveal selectivity over flavin-catalyzed sulfoxide formation. Aliphatic ethers were oxidized by this method, as demonstrated by the conversion of (-)-ambroxide to (+)-sclareolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Shan Hazoor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Bikash Chouhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Thanh Thuy Vuong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Frank W Foss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
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42
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Dell'Aera M, Perna FM, Vitale P, Altomare A, Palmieri A, Maddock LCH, Bole LJ, Kennedy AR, Hevia E, Capriati V. Boosting Conjugate Addition to Nitroolefins Using Lithium Tetraorganozincates: Synthetic Strategies and Structural Insights. Chemistry 2020; 26:8742-8748. [PMID: 32181938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the first transition metal catalyst- and ligand-free conjugate addition of lithium tetraorganozincates (R4 ZnLi2 ) to nitroolefins. Displaying enhanced nucleophilicity combined with unique chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance, homoleptic aliphatic and aromatic R4 ZnLi2 provide access to valuable nitroalkanes in up to 98 % yield under mild conditions (0 °C) and short reaction time (30 min). This is particularly remarkable when employing β-nitroacrylates and β-nitroenones, where despite the presence of other electrophilic groups, selective 1,4 addition to the C=C is preferred. Structural and spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of tetraorganozincate species in solution, the nature of which has been a long debated issue, and allowed to unveil the key role played by donor additives on the aggregation and structure of these reagents. Thus, while chelating N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and (R,R)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (TMCDA) favour the formation of contacted-ion pair zincates, macrocyclic Lewis donor 12-crown-4 triggers an immediate disproportionation process of Et4 ZnLi2 into equimolar amounts of solvent-separated Et3 ZnLi and EtLi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dell'Aera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), Via Amendola 122/o, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Altomare
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), Via Amendola 122/o, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lewis C H Maddock
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, G1 1XL, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leonie J Bole
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, G1 1XL, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM)-CNR, Università di Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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43
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Greszler SN, Zhao G, Buchman M, Searle XB, Liu B, Voight EA. General Asymmetric Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Pyrrolidines via Endo-Selective [3+2] Cycloaddition of β-Quaternary-Substituted Nitroalkenes and Azomethine Ylides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7620-7632. [PMID: 32374998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A scalable endo-selective synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrolidines via cycloaddition of nitroalkenes and azomethine ylides is reported using a P,N-type ferrocenyl ligand and [Cu(OTf)]2·C6H6. The robust method is tolerant of a wide range of functionalities, including rarely reported quaternary nitroalkene substitution and heteroaromatic and hindered ortho-substituted arenes on the azomethine ylide. Subsequent transformations highlight the utility of the method in the synthesis of densely functionalized small molecules suitable for fragment-based drug discovery and the cystic fibrosis C2-corrector clinical candidate ABBV-3221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Greszler
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Marek Buchman
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xenia B Searle
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Bo Liu
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric A Voight
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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44
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Mukaijo Y, Yokoyama S, Nishiwaki N. Comparison of Substituting Ability of Nitronate versus Enolate for Direct Substitution of a Nitro Group. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092048. [PMID: 32353998 PMCID: PMC7248694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Nitrocinnamate underwent the conjugate addition of an active methylene compound such as nitroacetate, 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, or α-nitroketone, and the following ring closure afforded functionalized heterocyclic frameworks. The reaction of cinnamate with nitroacetate occurs via nucleophilic substitution of a nitro group by the O-attack of the nitronate, which results in isoxazoline N-oxide. This protocol was applicable to 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to afford dihydrofuran derivatives, including those derived from direct substitution of a nitro group caused by O-attack of enolate. It was found the reactivity was lowered by an electron-withdrawing group on the carbonyl moiety. When α-nitroketone was employed as a substrate, three kinds of products were possibly formed; of these, only isoxazoline N-oxide was identified. This result indicates that the substituting ability of nitronate is higher than that of enolate for the direct SN2 substitution of a nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mukaijo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.Y.)
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan; (Y.M.); (S.Y.)
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-887-57-2517
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45
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Kawamoto M, Moriyama M, Ashida Y, Matsuo N, Tanabe Y. Total Syntheses of All Six Chiral Natural Pyrethrins: Accurate Determination of the Physical Properties, Their Insecticidal Activities, and Evaluation of Synthetic Methods. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2984-2999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momoyo Kawamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Mizuki Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ashida
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Noritada Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yoo Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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46
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Zhang YY, Hu M, Lu G, Qin N, Han S, Zhu K, Huang C, Mi L. Nanosheet-assembled microflower-like coordination polymers by surfactant-assisted assembly with enhanced catalytic activity. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanosheet-assembled microflower-like coordination polymers were successfully prepared by a surfactant-assisted approach and used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst to execute the conversion reactions of nitromethylbenzenes into benzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Guizhen Lu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Na Qin
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Suzhen Han
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Kaifang Zhu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Chao Huang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou
- China
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47
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Zlotin SG, Dalinger IL, Makhova NN, Tartakovsky VA. Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses some promising areas of chemistry of nitro compounds extensively developed in recent years in Russia (particularly at the N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences) and worldwide. The most important results in the synthesis of novel energetic N-, C- and O-nitro compounds are summarized. New environmentally friendly approaches to the preparation of known compounds of this series, used as components of energetic compositions, are considered. Methods for selective transformations of various nitro compounds to valuable products of organic synthesis, primarily biologically active products and their precursors, are systematically analyzed.
The bibliography includes 446 references.
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48
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Liu L, Ward RM, Schomaker JM. Mechanistic Aspects and Synthetic Applications of Radical Additions to Allenes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:12422-12490. [PMID: 31833759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
More than 50 years have passed since Haszeldine reported the first addition of a trifluoromethyl radical to an allene; in the intervening years, both the chemistry of allenes and the reactivity of single-electron species have become topics of intense interest. In this Review, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of radical additions to allenes and highlight the emergence of theoretical and experimental evidence that reveals unique reactivity patterns for radical additions to allenes as compared with other unsaturated compounds. Factors capable of exerting control over the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities of the attack of carbon- and heteroatom-based radicals at each of the three potential reactive sites in an allene substrate are described. These include reaction conditions, the nature of the attacking radical, the substitution pattern of the allene, and the length of the linker between the radical center and the proximal allene carbon in the substrate. Cycloaddition reactions between allenes and partners containing π-bonds, which are likely to proceed through radical pathways, are presented to highlight their ability to rapidly access complex polycyclic scaffolds. Finally, the synthetic utility of the products arising from these chemistries is described, including their applications to the construction of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Robert M Ward
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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49
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Ju M, Guan W, Schomaker JM, Harper KC. Sequential Reduction of Nitroalkanes Mediated by CS 2 and Amidine/Guanidine Bases: A Controllable Nef Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:8893-8898. [PMID: 31657582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this letter, we describe a mild, functional group-tolerant reductive Nef reaction that utilizes CS2 and an amidine or guanidine base to sequentially cleave N-O bonds. These conditions transform secondary nitroalkanes to ketones via an isolable oxime with minimal erosion at labile stereogenic carbons, show excellent compatibility with groups sensitive to oxidizing or reducing conditions, display good scalability, and are well-suited for generating useful 3-pyrrolidinone motifs from readily accessible 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Ju
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Kaid C Harper
- Process Research and Development , AbbVie Inc. , 1 North Waukegan Road , North Chicago , Illinois 60064 , United States
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50
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Hartung J, Greszler SN, Klix RC, Kallemeyn JM. Development of an Enantioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition To Synthesize the Pyrrolidine Core of ABBV-3221 on Multikilogram Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Hartung
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stephen N. Greszler
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Russell C. Klix
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Kallemeyn
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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