1
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Goldstein EL, Takada H, Sumii Y, Baba K, Stoltz BM. Synthesis of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines via sequential asymmetric allylic alkylation and ring contraction. Tetrahedron 2022; 123:132940. [PMID: 36968983 PMCID: PMC10038171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a variety of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines is described. A stereogenic quaternary center is first formed utilizing an asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction of a benzyloxy imide, which can then be reduced to a chiral hydroxamic acid. This compound can then undergo a thermal "Spino" ring contraction to afford a carbamate protected 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidine stereospecifically. These pyrrolidines can be further advanced to enantioenriched indolizidine compounds. This reaction sequence allows access to new molecules that could be useful in the development of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Goldstein
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takada
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Katsuaki Baba
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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2
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Rohrbach S, Šiaučiulis M, Chisholm G, Pirvan PA, Saleeb M, Mehr SHM, Trushina E, Leonov AI, Keenan G, Khan A, Hammer A, Cronin L. Digitization and validation of a chemical synthesis literature database in the ChemPU. Science 2022; 377:172-180. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite huge potential, automation of synthetic chemistry has only made incremental progress over the past few decades. We present an automatically executable chemical reaction database of 100 molecules representative of the range of reactions found in contemporary organic synthesis. These reactions include transition metal–catalyzed coupling reactions, heterocycle formations, functional group interconversions, and multicomponent reactions. The chemical reaction codes or χDLs for the reactions have been stored in a database for version control, validation, collaboration, and data mining. Of these syntheses, more than 50 entries from the database have been downloaded and robotically run in seven modular ChemPU’s with yields and purities comparable to those achieved by an expert chemist. We also demonstrate the automatic purification of a range of compounds using a chromatography module seamlessly coupled to the platform and programmed with the same language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mindaugas Šiaučiulis
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Greig Chisholm
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Petrisor-Alin Pirvan
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael Saleeb
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - S. Hessam M. Mehr
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ekaterina Trushina
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Artem I. Leonov
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graham Keenan
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Aamir Khan
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Hammer
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, the University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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3
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Kim KE, Kim AN, McCormick CJ, Stoltz BM. Late-Stage Diversification: A Motivating Force in Organic Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16890-16901. [PMID: 34614361 PMCID: PMC9285880 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in therapeutic discovery typically drives the preparation of natural product analogs, but these undertakings contribute significant advances for synthetic chemistry as well. The need for a highly efficient and scalable synthetic route to a complex molecular scaffold for diversification frequently inspires new methodological development or unique application of existing methods on structurally intricate systems. Additionally, synthetic planning with an aim toward late-stage diversification can provide access to otherwise unavailable compounds or facilitate preparation of complex molecules with diverse patterns of substitution around a shared carbon framework. For these reasons among others, programs dedicated to the diversification of natural product frameworks and other complex molecular scaffolds have been increasing in popularity, a trend likely to continue given their fruitfulness and breadth of impact. In this Perspective, we discuss our experience using late-stage diversification as a guiding principle for the synthesis of natural product analogs and reflect on the impact such efforts have on the future of complex molecule synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Kim
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington 98402, United States
| | - Alexia N Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Carter J McCormick
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington 98402, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Reimann CE, Ngamnithiporn A, Hayashida K, Saito D, Korch KM, Stoltz BM. The Enantioselective Synthesis of Eburnamonine, Eucophylline, and 16′‐
epi
‐Leucophyllidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Reimann
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Chulabhorn Research Institute 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Kohei Hayashida
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Discovery Research Laboratories Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd. 1–22 Hikokawado Misato Saitama 341-005 Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Discovery Research Laboratories Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd. 1–22 Hikokawado Misato Saitama 341-005 Japan
| | - Katerina M. Korch
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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5
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Reimann CE, Ngamnithiporn A, Hayashida K, Saito D, Korch KM, Stoltz BM. The Enantioselective Synthesis of Eburnamonine, Eucophylline, and 16'-epi-Leucophyllidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17957-17962. [PMID: 34036708 PMCID: PMC8338904 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach to the heterodimeric bisindole alkaloid leucophyllidine is disclosed herein. An enantioenriched lactam building block, synthesized through palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation, served as the precursor to both hemispheres. The eburnamonine-derived fragment was synthesized through a Bischler-Napieralski/hydrogenation approach, while the eucophylline-derived fragment was synthesized by Friedländer quinoline synthesis and two sequential C-H functionalization steps. A convergent Stille coupling and phenol-directed hydrogenation united the two monomeric fragments to afford 16'-epi-leucophyllidine in 21 steps from commercial material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Reimann
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Kohei Hayashida
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd. 1-22 Hikokawado, Misato, Saitama 341-005, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd. 1-22 Hikokawado, Misato, Saitama 341-005, Japan
| | - Katerina M. Korch
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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6
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Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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7
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8
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Zheng RH, Guo HC, Chen TT, Huang Q, Huang GB, Jiang HJ. Ruthenium-catalyzed decarboxylative C–S cross-coupling of carbonothioate: synthesis of allyl(aryl)sulfide. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25123-25126. [PMID: 35542144 PMCID: PMC9082320 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel ruthenium-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of carbonothioate is disclosed. This method provides straightforward access to the corresponding allyl(aryl)sulfide derivatives in generally good to excellent yields under mild conditions and features a broad substrate scope, wide group tolerance and in particular, no need to use halocarbon precursors. A method for the construction of a C–S bond via the ruthenium-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of carbonothioate under mild conditions is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hua Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Hai-Chang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Guo-Bo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Hua-Jiang Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou 318000
- China
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9
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Kim KE, Stoltz BM. A Second-Generation Synthesis of the Cyanthiwigin Natural Product Core. Org Lett 2016; 18:5720-5723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Kim
- Warren
and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren
and Katharine Schlinger
Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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10
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Padevět J, Schrems MG, Scheil R, Pfaltz A. NeoPHOX - a structurally tunable ligand system for asymmetric catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1185-95. [PMID: 27559370 PMCID: PMC4979954 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthesis of new NeoPHOX ligands derived from serine or threonine has been developed. The central intermediate is a NeoPHOX derivative bearing a methoxycarbonyl group at the stereogenic center next to the oxazoline N atom. The addition of methylmagnesium chloride leads to a tertiary alcohol, which can be acylated or silylated to produce NeoPHOX ligands with different sterical demand. The new NeoPHOX ligands were tested in the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution. In both reactions high enantioselectivities were achieved, that were comparable to the enantioselectivities obtained with the up to now best NeoPHOX ligand derived from expensive tert-leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Padevět
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus G Schrems
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Scheil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Wang S, Chen X, Ao Q, Wang H, Zhai H. Decarboxylative Csp3–Csp3 coupling for benzylation of unstable ketone enolates: synthesis of p-(acylethyl)phenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9454-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03835b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new decarboxylative Csp3–Csp3 coupling approach for the benzylation of ketone enolates has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Xinzheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Qiaoqiao Ao
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Huifei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics
- Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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12
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Xu JX, Ye F, Bai XF, Cui YM, Xu Z, Zheng ZJ, Xu LW. A mechanistic study on multifunctional Fei-Phos ligand-controlled asymmetric palladium-catalyzed allylic substitutions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15665g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies were performed for the clarification of the role of multifunctional Fei-Phos in allylic substitution reactions, in which it is proved to be a diphosphine-controlled catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Xing-Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
| | - Yu-Ming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
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13
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Kazmaier U. Non-stabilized enolates – versatile nucleophiles in transition metal-catalysed allylic alkylations. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00192k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers new developments in the transition metal-catalyzed allylic alkylations of non-stabilized enolates, preferentially generated from ketone, esters or amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66041 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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14
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Craig RA, Loskot SA, Mohr JT, Behenna DC, Harned AM, Stoltz BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of Cyclopentanones. Org Lett 2015; 17:5160-3. [PMID: 26501770 PMCID: PMC4640231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first general method for the enantioselective construction of all-carbon quaternary centers on cyclopentanones by enantioselective palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation is described. Employing the electronically modified (S)-(p-CF3)3-t-BuPHOX ligand, α-quaternary cyclopentanones were isolated in yields up to >99% with ee's up to 94%. Additionally, in order to facilitate large-scale application of this method, a low catalyst loading protocol was employed, using as little as 0.15 mol % Pd, furnishing the product without any loss in ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Craig
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Steven A Loskot
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Justin T Mohr
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Douglas C Behenna
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Andrew M Harned
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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15
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Pignataro L, Fiorito D, Vece V, Ferraccioli R, Gennari C. Synthesis of a 4-Vinyltetrahydrocarbazole by Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Indole-Containing Allylic Carbonates. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Liu Y, Virgil SC, Grubbs RH, Stoltz BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Dehydration for the Synthesis of α-Vinyl Carbonyl Compounds and Total Synthesis of (−)-Aspewentins A, B, and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Virgil SC, Grubbs RH, Stoltz BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Dehydration for the Synthesis of α-Vinyl Carbonyl Compounds and Total Synthesis of (-)-Aspewentins A, B, and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11800-3. [PMID: 26230413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The direct α-vinylation of carbonyl compounds to form a quaternary stereocenter is a challenging transformation. It was discovered that δ-oxocarboxylic acids can serve as masked vinyl compounds and be unveiled by palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative dehydration. The carboxylic acids are readily available through enantioselective acrylate addition or asymmetric allylic alkylation. A variety of α-vinyl quaternary carbonyl compounds are obtained in good yields, and an application in the first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-aspewentins A, B, and C is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA).
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA).
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