1
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Seitz A, Wende RC, Schreiner PR. Site-Selective Acylation of Pyranosides with Immobilized Oligopeptide Catalysts in Flow. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203002. [PMID: 36538197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the site-selective acetylation of partially protected monosaccharides using immobilized oligopeptide catalysts, which are readily accessible via solid-phase peptide synthesis. The catalysts are able to invert the intrinsic selectivity, which was determined using N-methylimidazole, for a variety of pyranosides. We demonstrate that the catalysts are stable for multiple reaction cycles and can be easily reused after separation from the reaction solution. The catalysts can also be used in flow without loss of reactivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Seitz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raffael C Wende
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Ötvös SB, Kappe CO. Continuous flow asymmetric synthesis of chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients and their advanced intermediates. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:6117-6138. [PMID: 34671222 PMCID: PMC8447942 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective transformations provide well-established and direct access to stereogenic synthons that are broadly distributed among active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). These reactions have been demonstrated to benefit considerably from the merits of continuous processing and microreactor technology. Over the past few years, continuous flow enantioselective catalysis has grown into a mature field and has found diverse applications in asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutically active substances. The present review therefore surveys flow chemistry-based approaches for the synthesis of chiral APIs and their advanced stereogenic intermediates, covering the utilization of biocatalysis, organometallic catalysis and metal-free organocatalysis to introduce asymmetry in continuously operated systems. Single-step processes, interrupted multistep flow syntheses, combined batch/flow processes and uninterrupted one-flow syntheses are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 A-8010 Graz Austria
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3
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Metrano AJ, Chinn AJ, Shugrue CR, Stone EA, Kim B, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11479-11615. [PMID: 32969640 PMCID: PMC8006536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight synthetic peptides have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for an increasingly wide array of asymmetric transformations. In many cases, these peptide-based catalysts have enabled novel multifunctional substrate activation modes and unprecedented selectivity manifolds. These features, along with their ease of preparation, modular and tunable structures, and often biomimetic attributes make peptides well-suited as chiral catalysts and of broad interest. Many examples of peptide-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have appeared in the literature since the last survey of this broad field in Chemical Reviews (Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759-5812). The overarching goal of this new Review is to provide a comprehensive account of the numerous advances in the field. As a corollary to this goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond formation, in which peptides have been successfully employed. In so doing, we devote significant discussion to the structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions that are perhaps specific to peptide-based catalysts and their interactions with substrates and/or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Metrano
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr., Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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4
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Yu T, Ding Z, Nie W, Jiao J, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Xue C, Duan X, Yamada YMA, Li P. Recent Advances in Continuous-Flow Enantioselective Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:5729-5747. [PMID: 31916323 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The increased demand for more efficient, safe, and green production in fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry calls for the development of continuous-flow manufacturing, and for chiral chemicals in particular, enantioselective catalytic processes. In recent years, this emerging direction has received considerable attention and has seen rapid progress. In most cases, catalytic enantioselective flow processes using homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic catalysts have shown significant advantages over the conventional batch mode, such as shortened reaction times, lower catalysts loadings, and higher selectivities in addition to the normal merits of non-enantioselective flow operations. In this Minireview, the advancements, key strategies, methods, and technologies developed the last six years as well as remaining challenges are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Nie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Efficient Development and, Utilization of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yoichi M A Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 3510198, Japan
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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5
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Yoo WJ, Ishitani H, Saito Y, Laroche B, Kobayashi S. Reworking Organic Synthesis for the Modern Age: Synthetic Strategies Based on Continuous-Flow Addition and Condensation Reactions with Heterogeneous Catalysts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5132-5145. [PMID: 32069417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While organic synthesis carried out in most laboratories uses batch methods, there is growing interest in modernizing fine chemical synthesis through continuous-flow processes. As a synthetic method, flow processes have several advantages over batch systems in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety, and recent advances have allowed for the synthesis of several complex molecules, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Nevertheless, due to several reasons related to the difficulties arising from byproduct formation during the flow process, such as lower yields, poor selectivities, clogging of columns due to poor solubility, catalyst poisoning, etc., successful examples of continuous-flow synthesis of complex organic molecules are still limited. In order to solve this bottleneck, the development of selective and atom-economical continuous-flow organic transformations are needed. This perspective highlights examples of atom-economical addition and condensation reactions with heterogeneous catalysts under continuous-flow conditions and their applications for the synthesis of complex organic molecules such as natural products and APIs. In order to realize new continuous-flow methodologies, based on addition and condensation reactions, in place of substitution reactions, the development of novel reactions and heterogeneous catalysts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Yoo
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruro Ishitani
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Benjamin Laroche
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Ötvös SB, Pericàs MA, Kappe CO. Multigram-scale flow synthesis of the chiral key intermediate of (-)-paroxetine enabled by solvent-free heterogeneous organocatalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11141-11146. [PMID: 32206263 PMCID: PMC7069365 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of the chiral key intermediate of the antidepressant (-)-paroxetine is demonstrated as a continuous flow process on multi-gram scale. The critical step is a solvent-free organocatalytic conjugate addition followed by a telescoped reductive amination-lactamization-amide/ester reduction sequence. Due to the efficient heterogeneous catalysts and the solvent-free or highly concentrated conditions applied, the flow method offers key advances in terms of productivity and sustainability compared to earlier batch approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Graz , NAWI Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28 , A-8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , E-43007 Tarragona , Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Graz , NAWI Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28 , A-8010 Graz , Austria .
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) , Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) , Inffeldgasse 13 , A-8010 Graz , Austria .
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7
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Georgiádes Á, Ötvös SB, Fülöp F. Controlled Transformations of Aryl Halides in a Flow System: Selective Synthesis of Aryl Azides and Aniline Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Georgiádes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Sándor B. Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Eötvös u. 6, H- 6720 Szeged Hungary
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8
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9
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Nakashima E, Yamamoto H. Process Catalyst Mass Efficiency by Using Proline Tetrazole Column-Flow System. Chemistry 2018; 24:1076-1079. [PMID: 29315878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Generally, organocatalysts are not decomposed during chemical transformation, which is different from traditional metal catalysts. To improve catalytic processes efficiency, various studies have been applied to flow synthesis for organocatalysis. Furthermore, many immobilized organocatalysts have been used for heterogeneous flow synthesis, which requires huge amounts of immobilized catalyst and requires several steps to prepare. We took advantage of organocatalysts with low-polarity organic solvent and developed a flow system through a packed-bed column with simply proline tetrazole (5-(2-pyrrolidinyl)-1H-tetrazole) for heterogeneous organocatalytic synthesis. Under ambient temperature, this heterogeneous organocatalyst continuous flow-column system with ketones as a donor provides aldol, Mannich, and o-nitroso aldol reactions in up to quantitative yields with excellent enantio- and chemoselectivity values. Our heterogeneous-flow synthesis provides extremely low process catalyst mass efficiency and continuous production without changing the packed-bed catalyst column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nakashima
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
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10
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Altava B, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Chiral catalysts immobilized on achiral polymers: effect of the polymer support on the performance of the catalyst. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2722-2771. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Achiral polymeric supports can have important positive effects on the activity, stability and selectivity of supported chiral catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Altava
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
| | | | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- University Jaume I
- Castellón
- Spain
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11
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Tůma J, Kohout M. Silica gel-immobilized multidisciplinary materials applicable in stereoselective organocatalysis and HPLC separation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1174-1181. [PMID: 35540900 PMCID: PMC9076945 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, we present novel bifunctional silica gel-immobilized materials applicable as heterogeneous organocatalysts and stationary phases in HPLC. The materials provided high stereoselectivity in both batch and continuous flow catalysis of a model Michael addition (cyclohexanone to (E)-β-nitrostyrene). In the batch reaction, the catalysts proved their sustainable catalytic activity over five consecutive recycling experiments. Under continuous flow reaction conditions, the catalytic activity was found to be superior to the batch reaction, and moreover, the same immobilized materials were utilized as stationary phases in HPLC showing very good chemoselective separation of model acidic analytes. Novel multidisciplinary silica gel-based materials were successfully employed in highly stereoselective Michael addition and as stationary phases in HPLC separation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Tůma
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - M. Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- Czech Republic
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12
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Li YJ, Zhang L, Yan N, Meng XH, Zhao YL. Acid/Base-Co-catalyzed Direct Oxidative α-Amination of Cyclic Ketones: Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jin Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-He Meng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Zhao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
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13
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Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1064] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Haas CP, Müllner T, Kohns R, Enke D, Tallarek U. High-performance monoliths in heterogeneous catalysis with single-phase liquid flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On-line control and monitoring in heterogeneous catalysis utilizing high-performance supports allows rapid screening of intrinsic reaction parameters in continuous-flow mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Haas
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Tibor Müllner
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Richard Kohns
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
- Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Dirk Enke
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Universität Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
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15
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Gurka AA, Szőri K, Szőri M, Bartók M, London G. Application of hydroxyproline derivatives in enantioselective α-amination reactions in organic and aqueous environments: a structure-activity relationship study. Struct Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-016-0873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Tona V, de la Torre A, Padmanaban M, Ruider S, González L, Maulide N. Chemo- and Stereoselective Transition-Metal-Free Amination of Amides with Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8348-51. [PMID: 27350334 PMCID: PMC4945995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α-amino carbonyl/carboxyl compounds is a contemporary challenge in organic synthesis. Herein, we present a stereoselective α-amination of amides employing simple azides that proceeds under mild conditions with release of nitrogen gas. The amide is used as the limiting reagent, and through simple variation of the azide pattern, various differently substituted aminated products can be obtained. The reaction is fully chemoselective for amides even in the presence of esters or ketones and lends itself to preparation of optically enriched products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tona
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohan Padmanaban
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Ruider
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Huo C, Xie H, Yang C, Dong J, Wang Y. Stable radical cation salt initiated N–H insertion and related proton-transfer-delay three-component reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Mándity IM, Ötvös SB, Szőlősi G, Fülöp F. Harnessing the Versatility of Continuous-Flow Processes: Selective and Efficient Reactions. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1018-33. [PMID: 26997251 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for effective transformations and a broad range of novel chemical entities. Continuous-flow (CF) approaches are of considerable current interest: highly efficient and selective reactions can be performed in CF reactors. The reaction setup of CF reactors offers a wide variety of possible points where versatility can be introduced. This article presents a number of selective and highly efficient gas-liquid-solid and liquid-solid reactions involving a range of reagents and immobilized catalysts. Enantioselective transformations through catalytic hydrogenation and organocatalytic reactions are included, and isotopically labelled compounds and pharmaceutically relevant 1,2,3-triazoles are synthesized in CF reactors. Importantly, the catalyst bed can be changed to a solid-phase peptide synthesis resin, with which peptide synthesis can be performed with the utilization of only 1.5 equivalents of the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - György Szőlősi
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
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19
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Osorio-Planes L, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Pericàs MA. Removing the superfluous: a supported squaramide catalyst with a minimalistic linker applied to the enantioselective flow synthesis of pyranonaphthoquinones. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00473c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new, cost-effective polystyrene-supported squaramide organocatalyst has been shown to mediate the highly enantioselective formation of pyranonaphthoquinones in flow through a sequential two-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Osorio-Planes
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Carles Rodríguez-Escrich
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica
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