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Zhang Z, Slak D, Krebs T, Leuschner M, Schmickler N, Kuchuk E, Schmidt J, Domenianni LI, Kleine Büning JB, Grimme S, Vöhringer P, Gansäuer A. A Chiral Titanocene Complex as Regiodivergent Photoredox Catalyst: Synthetic Scope and Mechanism of Catalyst Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38016173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a combined synthetic, spectroscopic, and computational study of a chiral titanocene complex as a regiodivergent photoredox catalyst (PRC). With Kagan's complex catCl2 either monoprotected 1,3-diols or 1,4-diols can be obtained in high selectivity from a common epoxide substrate in a regiodivergent epoxide opening depending on which enantiomer of the catalyst is employed. Due to the catalyst-controlled regioselectivity of ring opening and the broader substrate scope, the PRC with catCl2 is also a highly attractive branching point for diversity-oriented synthesis. The photochemical processes of cat(NCS)2, a suitable model for catCl2, were probed by time-correlated single-photon counting. The photoexcited complex displays a thermally activated delayed fluorescence as a result of a singlet-triplet equilibration, S1 ⇄ T1, via intersystem crossing and recrossing. Its triplet state is quenched by electron transfer to the T1 state. Computational and cyclic voltammetry studies highlight the importance of our sulfonamide additive. By bonding to sulfonamide additives, chloride abstraction from [catCl2]- is facilitated, and catalyst deactivation by coordination of the sulfonamide group is circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Slak
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Krebs
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Leuschner
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Schmickler
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kuchuk
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luis Ignacio Domenianni
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julius B Kleine Büning
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Vöhringer
- Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstraße 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Serviano JMI, Phipps EJT, Holland PL. Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation and Hydrocarboxylation of 2-Azadienes with High Efficiency. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3277-3281. [PMID: 36802598 PMCID: PMC10084948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Described here is a method for intermolecular hydroalkoxylation and hydrocarboxylation of 2-azadienes through cobalt-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer and oxidation. This protocol provides a source of 2-azaallyl cation equivalents under mild conditions, is chemoselective in the presence of other C═C double bonds, and requires no excess amount of added alcohol or oxidant. Mechanistic studies suggest that the selectivity arises from lowering the transition state that leads to the highly stabilized 2-azaallyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M I Serviano
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Erik J T Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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3
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Sherborne GJ, Kemmitt P, Prentice C, Zysman-Colman E, Smith AD, Fallan C. Visible Light-Mediated Cyclisation Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly-Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202207829. [PMID: 36342443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 2-vinylanilines and conjugated aldehydes followed by an efficient light-mediated cyclisation selectively yields either substituted tetrahydroquinolines with typically high dr, or in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst the synthesis of quinoline derivatives is demonstrated. These atom economical processes require mild conditions, with the substrate scope demonstrating excellent site selectivity and functional group tolerance, including azaarene-bearing substrates. A thorough experimental mechanistic investigation explores multiple pathways and the key role that imine and iminium intermediates play in the absorption of visible light to generate reactive excited states. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated on gram scale quantities in both batch and flow, alongside further manipulation of the medicinally relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Sherborne
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Paul Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Callum Prentice
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.,EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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4
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Martínez-Manjarres A, Quevedo R. Role of the nucleophilicity of the amino group of benzidines in the synthesis of hemiaminal ethers. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Imtiaz S, Ahmad War J, Banoo S, Khan S. α-Aminoazoles/azines: key reaction partners for multicomponent reactions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11083-11165. [PMID: 35423648 PMCID: PMC8695948 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic α-aminoazaheterocycles are the focus of significant investigations and exploration by researchers owing to their key role in diverse biological and physiological processes. The existence of their derivatives in numerous drugs and alkaloids is due to their heterocyclic nitrogenous nature. Therefore, the synthesis of a structurally diverse range of their derivatives through simple and convenient methods represents a vital field of synthetic organic chemistry. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) provide a platform to introduce desirable structure diversity and complexity into a molecule in a single operation with a significant reduction in the use of harmful organic waste, and hence have attracted particular attention as an excellent tool to access these derivatives. This review covers the advances made from 2010 to the beginning of 2020 in terms of the utilization of α-aminoazaheterocycles as synthetic precursors in MCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Imtiaz
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India-202002
| | - Jahangir Ahmad War
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kashmir India-190006
| | - Syqa Banoo
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalayatan University Beswan Aligarh India-202146
| | - Sarfaraz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India-202002
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Ciou JM, Zhu HF, Chang CW, Chen JY, Lin YF. Physical organic studies and dynamic covalent chemistry of picolyl heterocyclic amino aminals. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40421-40427. [PMID: 35520848 PMCID: PMC9057465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic covalent system of the picolyl heterocyclic amino aminals has been studied. The aminals are characterized as a metastable species and easily switch to other forms via external stimuli. The solvent, temperature, acid-base and substituent effects have been examined to evaluate the dynamic covalent system. The results reveal that a more polar solvent, a lower temperature, basic conditions and an electron-withdrawing moiety contribute to the stabilities of aminals. The existence of the n → π* interaction between acetonitrile and the C[double bond, length as m-dash]N moiety makes the N-pyrimidyl imine (4c and 4d) yield higher in CD3CN. In a similar fashion, all aminals tend to convert to the corresponding hemiaminal ethers in a methanol environment. According to these findings, we successfully synthesized the following species: (a) N-2-picolylpyrimidin-2-amine 6c obtained by reduction using acetonitrile as the specific solvent; (b) a picolyl aromatic amino aminal 3e prepared from 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and the electron withdrawing 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ming Ciou
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Hong-Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yun Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Rd., San-Ming Dist. Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan
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Recio J, Filace F, Gala E, Pérez-Redondo A, Álvarez-Builla J, Burgos C. Studies on the preparation of aminobipyridines and bipyridine sultams via an intramolecular free radical pathway. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10447-10451. [PMID: 35492915 PMCID: PMC9050412 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of aminated bipyridines and bipyridine sultams are prepared by intramolecular radical [1,5]-ipso and [1,6]-ortho substitutions, using a sulfonamide as a linker to connect the pyridyl radical to the pyridine under attack. For the cases studied, different regiochemistries are observed depending on the initial position of the sulfonamide linker. Results show that intramolecular radical [1,5]-ipso and [1,6]-ortho substitutions offer a method for the preparation of aminobipyridines or bipyridine sultams.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28805-Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Fabiana Filace
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28805-Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Elena Gala
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28805-Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28805-Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez-Builla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28805-Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - Carolina Burgos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- 28805-Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
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8
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Gasonoo M, Thom ZW, Laulhé S. Regioselective α-Amination of Ethers Using Stable N-Chloroimides and Lithium tert-Butoxide. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8710-8716. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makafui Gasonoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Zachary W. Thom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sébastien Laulhé
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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9
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Shimizu M, Imazato H, Mizota I, Zhu Y. A facile approach to 2-alkoxyindolin-3-one and its application to the synthesis of N-benzyl matemone. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17341-17346. [PMID: 35519860 PMCID: PMC9064601 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02204j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Alkoxycarbonylindolin-3-one is synthesized from a methoxyglycine derivative via a 1,2-aza-Brook rearrangement followed by cyclization with bis(trimethylsilyl)aluminum chloride. A short-step synthesis of N-benzyl matemone is successfully carried out using the present indolin-3-one synthesis. A short-step synthesis of N-benzyl matemone has been successfully carried out using a newly discovered 2-ethoxycarbonylindolin-3-one synthesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Shimizu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- Department of Chemistry for Materials
| | - Hayao Imazato
- Department of Chemistry for Materials
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Mie University
- Tsu
- Japan
| | - Isao Mizota
- Department of Chemistry for Materials
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Mie University
- Tsu
- Japan
| | - Yusong Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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10
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Konhefr M, Lacina K, Langmajerová MS, Glatz Z, Skládal P, Mazal C. Electrochemically Facilitated Interaction of O-Nucleophiles with Imine Group in Electroactiveortho-((Ferrocenylimino)methyl)phenylboronate and Comparison with Its Regioisomers. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Konhefr
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Karel Lacina
- Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University, Kamenice 5; 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno; Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University, Kamenice 5; 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ctibor Mazal
- Central European Institute of Technology; Masaryk University, Kamenice 5; 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2; 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
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Mielcarek A, Wiśniewska A, Dołęga A. Unassisted formation of hemiaminal ether from 4-aminopyridine and o-vanillin - experimental and theoretical study. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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