1
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Zhao B, Li H, Jiang F, Wan JP, Cheng K, Liu Y. Synergistic Visible Light and Pd-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation of 1-Naphthylamines with α-Diazoesters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:640-646. [PMID: 36538361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of visible light irradiation and Pd-catalysis has been practically employed for the C-H alkylation reactions of naphthylamines and α-diazo esters, leading to the synthesis of α-naphthyl functionalized acetates via C-C bond construction under mild reaction conditions and under solvent-free conditions. The light irradiation has been proven to play a pivotal role in the reactions, probably by promoting the generation of active carbene species from α-diazo esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Fengxuan Jiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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2
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Xu X, Cai P, Chen H, Zhou HC, Huang N. Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with she Topology. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18511-18517. [PMID: 36170014 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reticular chemistry allows the control of crystalline frameworks at atomic precision according to the predesigned topological structures. However, only a limited number of topological structures of three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been established. In this work, we developed a series of 3D COFs with an unprecedented she topology, which were constructed with D3d- and D4h-symmetric building blocks. The resulting COFs crystallize in a space group of Im3̅m, in which each D3d unit connects with six D4h units to form a noninterpenetrated network with a uniform pore size of 2.0 nm. In addition, these COFs exhibited high crystallinity, excellent porosity, and good chemical and thermal stability. The crystalline structures, composition, and physicochemical properties of these networks were unambiguously characterized. Notably, the inbuilt porphyrin units render these COFs as efficient catalysts for photoredox C-C bond forming and photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reactions. Thus, this work constitutes a new approach for the construction of 3D she-net COFs and also enhances the structural diversity and complexity of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peiyu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Ning Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Liu Y, Zhu K, Zhao J, Li P. Photocatalytic Regioselective Difunctionalization of Alkenes with Diazo Compounds and tert-Butyl Nitrite: Access to γ-Oximino Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:6834-6838. [PMID: 36073998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic regioselective difunctionalization of alkenes with diazo compounds and tert-butyl nitrite has been developed. The protocol provides an efficient approach to γ-oximino esters under mild conditions. Significantly, this transformation not only shows the good compatibility of nucleophilic diazo compounds and electrophilic tert-butyl nitrite but also displays diazo compounds generating alkyl radicals that preferred addition to alkenes over nitroso radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Keyong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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4
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Singh S, Tripathi KN, Singh RP. Redox activated amines in the organophotoinduced alkylation of coumarins. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5716-5720. [PMID: 35838252 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coumarin core represents the quintessential scaffold of many natural products. While C-3 alkylation is easily achievable, effective greener strategies for C-4 alkylation have been less forthcoming. Herein, we report a metal-free photoinduced deaminative strategy for C-4 alkylation of coumarins using redox activated secondary and benzylic amine derived Katritzky pyridinium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Krishna N Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Ravi P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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5
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Liu GX, Liang HC, Fu X, Tang J, Hu WH, Qiu H. Photoredox-Catalyzed Carbonyl Alkylative Amination with Diazo Compounds: A Three-Component Reaction for the Construction of γ-Amino Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:4908-4913. [PMID: 35793070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed reaction of secondary amines, aldehydes, diazo compounds, and Hantzsch ester is reported, affording biologically active γ-amino acid derivatives in high yields. This one-pot process tolerates a broad range of functional groups and various drug molecules and biologically active compounds. Remarkably, a gram-scale reaction and diverse transformations of γ-amino acid derivatives were successfully performed, and the utility of the products is demonstrated in the synthesis of therapeutic agent pregabalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Devi L, Pokhriyal A, Shekhar S, Kant R, Mukherjee S, Rastogi N. Organo‐photocatalytic Synthesis of 6‐
β
‐Disubstituted Phenanthridines from
α
‐Diazo‐
β‐
Keto Compounds and Vinyl Azides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Devi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Ayushi Pokhriyal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Shashi Shekhar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173 Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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7
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Abstract
The fields of C-H functionalization and photoredox catalysis have garnered enormous interest and utility in the past several decades. Many different scientific disciplines have relied on C-H functionalization and photoredox strategies including natural product synthesis, drug discovery, radiolabeling, bioconjugation, materials, and fine chemical synthesis. In this Review, we highlight the use of photoredox catalysis in C-H functionalization reactions. We separate the review into inorganic/organometallic photoredox catalysts and organic-based photoredox catalytic systems. Further subdivision by reaction class-either sp2 or sp3 C-H functionalization-lends perspective and tactical strategies for use of these methods in synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Holmberg-Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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8
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Jiang XL, Damunupola D, Bruckner C. Meso-tetra(dioxanyl)porphyrins: Neutral, low molecular weight, and chiral porphyrins with solubility in aqueous solutions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842462150070x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the low-molecular weight, meso-tetra(dioxan-2-yl)porphyrin with considerable solubility in aqueous solution is described. The key intermediate dioxan-2-carbaldehyde is accessible in either racemic or in stereo-pure forms from commercially available starting materials in three steps. Using 4 × 1 or 2 + 2-type syntheses provide the porphyrin in modest yields. While the racemic aldehyde created an intractable mixture of diastereomers, the enantiopure aldehyde created a single enantiomer of the target porphyrin. The porphyrin was spectroscopically characterized. As its free base or zinc complex, it showed excellent solubility properties in organic and aqueous solvents, though free water-solubility was not achieved. The work expands on the availability of chiral porphyrins and neutral porphyrins with considerable solubility in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Liang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dinusha Damunupola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian Bruckner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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10
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Costa E Silva R, Oliveira da Silva L, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT. Recent applications of porphyrins as photocatalysts in organic synthesis: batch and continuous flow approaches. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:917-955. [PMID: 32461773 PMCID: PMC7214915 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we present relevant and recent applications of porphyrin derivatives as photocatalysts in organic synthesis, involving both single electron transfer (SET) and energy transfer (ET) mechanistic approaches. We demonstrate that these highly conjugated photosensitizers show increasing potential in photocatalysis since they combine both photo- and electrochemical properties which can substitute available metalloorganic photocatalysts. Batch and continuous-flow approaches are presented highlighting the relevance of enabling technologies for the renewal of porphyrin applications in photocatalysis. Finally, the reaction scale in which the methodologies were developed are highlighted since this is an important parameter in the authors' opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa E Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luely Oliveira da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Marabá, PA, 68502-100, Brazil
| | | | - Timothy John Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
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11
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Bhattacharjee S, Laru S, Samanta S, Singsardar M, Hajra A. Visible light-induced photocatalytic C–H ethoxycarbonylmethylation of imidazoheterocycles with ethyl diazoacetate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27984-27988. [PMID: 35519122 PMCID: PMC9055643 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted regioselective ethoxycarbonylmethylation of imidazoheterocycles has been developed using an α-diazoester via a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvam Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan
- India
| | - Sudip Laru
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan
- India
| | - Sadhanendu Samanta
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan
- India
| | - Mukta Singsardar
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan
- India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry
- Visva-Bharati (A Central University)
- Santiniketan
- India
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12
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Ciszewski ŁW, Durka J, Gryko D. Photocatalytic Alkylation of Pyrroles and Indoles with α-Diazo Esters. Org Lett 2019; 21:7028-7032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz W. Ciszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Durka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Nagode SB, Kant R, Rastogi N. Hantzsch Ester-Mediated Benzannulation of Diazo Compounds under Visible Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2019; 21:6249-6254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savita B. Nagode
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | | | - Namrata Rastogi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
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14
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Ciszewski ŁW, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Gryko D. Recent developments in photochemical reactions of diazo compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:432-448. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02703j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry of diazo compounds is dominated by transition metal catalysis but recently, photoinitiated reactions of diazo compounds have attracted a lot of attention. This mini-review describes recent discoveries on the reactivity of diazo compounds under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz W. Ciszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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15
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Ociepa M, Turkowska J, Gryko D. Redox-Activated Amines in C(sp3)–C(sp) and C(sp3)–C(sp2) Bond Formation Enabled by Metal-Free Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ociepa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Turkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Ma M, Hao W, Ma L, Zheng Y, Lian P, Wan X. Interception of Radicals by Molecular Oxygen and Diazo Compounds: Direct Synthesis of Oxalate Esters Using Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:5799-5802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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17
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Sarabia FJ, Li Q, Ferreira EM. Cyclopentene Annulations of Alkene Radical Cations with Vinyl Diazo Species Using Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11015-11019. [PMID: 29964359 PMCID: PMC6319273 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A direct (3+2) cycloaddition between alkenes and vinyl diazo reagents using either Cr or Ru photocatalysis is described. The intermediacy of a radical cation species enables a nucleophilic interception by vinyl diazo compounds, a departure from their traditional electrophilic behavior. A variety of cyclopentenes are synthesized using this method, and experimental insights implicate a direct cycloaddition instead of a cyclopropanation/rearrangement process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiankun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Eric M Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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18
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Sarabia FJ, Li Q, Ferreira EM. Cyclopentene Annulations of Alkene Radical Cations with Vinyl Diazo Species Using Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiankun Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Eric M. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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19
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Orłowska K, Karczewski M, Zawada K, Gryko D. Why Cyclopropanation is not Involved in Photoinduced α-Alkylation of Ketones with Diazo Compounds. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Orłowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maksymilian Karczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division; Department of Physical Chemistry; Medical University of Warsaw; Banacha 1 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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20
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Visible light-promoted radical benzannulation of diazoketones with alkynes leading to polysubsituted naphthols. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Luciano M, Brückner C. Modifications of Porphyrins and Hydroporphyrins for Their Solubilization in Aqueous Media. Molecules 2017; 22:E980. [PMID: 28608838 PMCID: PMC6152633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of porphyrins and hydroporphyrins for use in a variety of biomedical (photodynamic therapy, fluorescence tagging and imaging, photoacoustic imaging) and technical (chemosensing, catalysis, light harvesting) applications is also associated with the growing number of methodologies that enable their solubilization in aqueous media. Natively, the vast majority of synthetic porphyrinic compounds are not water-soluble. Moreover, any water-solubility imposes several restrictions on the synthetic chemist on when to install solubilizing groups in the synthetic sequence, and how to isolate and purify these compounds. This review summarizes the chemical modifications to render synthetic porphyrins water-soluble, with a focus on the work disclosed since 2000. Where available, practical data such as solubility, indicators for the degree of aggregation, and special notes for the practitioner are listed. We hope that this review will guide synthetic chemists through the many strategies known to make porphyrins and hydroporphyrins water soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Luciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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22
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Shan W, Zawada K, Kadish KM, Gryko D. Porphyrins as Photoredox Catalysts: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15451-15458. [PMID: 27933929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins not only are vital in biological systems but also are valuable catalysts in organic synthesis. On the other hand, catalytic properties of free base porphyrins have been less explored. They are mostly known as efficient photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen via photoinduced energy transfer processes, but under light irradiation, they can also participate in electron transfer processes. Indeed, we have found that free base tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) is an efficient photoredox catalyst for the reaction of aldehydes with diazo compounds leading to α-alkylated derivatives. The performance of a porphyrin catalyst can be optimized by tailoring various substituents at the periphery of the macrocycle at both the β and meso positions. This allows for the fine tuning of their optical and electrochemical properties and hence their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenqian Shan
- University of Houston , Department of Chemistry, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Medical University of Warsaw , Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Department of Physical Chemistry, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karl M Kadish
- University of Houston , Department of Chemistry, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Skonieczny K, Gryko DT. Light-Induced Direct Arylation in the Solid Crystalline State as a Strategy Towards π-Expanded Imidazoles. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2513-7. [PMID: 27452918 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Expanded imidazoles bearing the 2-iodophenyl substituent at position 2 undergo direct photoinduced intramolecular arylation in the solid, crystalline state leading to large non-planar heterocycles. An analogous reaction employing 2-bromophenyl and 2-chlorophenyl substituents is considerably slower. Such processes have never before been demonstrated to occur in crystals and have allowed the efficient synthesizes of structurally unique compounds containing either the phenanthro[9',10':4,5]imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine moiety or structurally related skeletons. The reaction occurs in the thin crystalline layers irradiated with UV photons in an almost quantitative manner over 48-72 h. Several previously unknown architectures have been prepared using this methodology. Furthermore, the optical properties of these π-expanded imidazoles can be altered with the addition of heteroatoms and/or electron-donating groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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24
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Huang X, Webster RD, Harms K, Meggers E. Asymmetric Catalysis with Organic Azides and Diazo Compounds Initiated by Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12636-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Huang
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Richard D. Webster
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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