1
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Lu S, Agata R, Nomura S, Matsuda H, Isozaki K, Nakamura M. Regioselective Propargylic Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling by SciPROP-Iron Catalyst. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8385-8396. [PMID: 38684935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The iron-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of secondary propargyl electrophiles with lithium organoborates has been established. A propyl-bridged bulky bisphosphine ligand, SciPROP-TB, cooperated with the bulky TIPS substituent at the alkyne terminal position to achieve the cross-coupling reaction with exclusive propargylic selectivity. The reaction features high functional group compatibility, regioselectivity, and yield with a broad substrate scope. The reaction of an optically active chiral propargyl bromide proceeds with complete racemization, supporting a mechanism involving propargyl radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Lu
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Agata
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nomura
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Isozaki
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center of Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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2
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Zhang Q, Liu XY, Zhang YD, Huang MY, Zhang XY, Zhu SF. Iron-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Coupling to Construct Quaternary Carbon Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5051-5055. [PMID: 38373353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The construction of quaternary carbon centers via C-C coupling protocols remains challenging. The coupling of tertiary C(sp3) with secondary or tertiary C(sp3) counterparts has been hindered by pronounced steric clashes and many side reactions. Herein, we have successfully developed a type of bisphosphine ligand iron complex-catalyzed coupling reactions of tertiary alkyl halides with secondary alkyl zinc reagents and efficiently realized the coupling reaction between tertiary C(sp3) and secondary C(sp3) with high selectivity for the initial instance, which provided an efficient method for the construction of quaternary carbon centers with high steric hindrance. The combination of an iron catalyst and directing group of the substrate makes the great challenging transformation possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matters, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matters, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan-Dong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matters, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming-Yao Huang
- Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matters, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matters, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center of New Organic Matters, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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3
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Sun D, Rajeshkumar T, Li Y, Xu J, Chen R, Wan Z, Lv Z, Maron L, Chen YH. Lanthanum-Catalyzed Stereospecific Cross-Coupling of Propargylic Substrates with Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2023; 25:6730-6735. [PMID: 37671845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of propargylic electrophiles and Grignard reagents provides densely functionalized products that are extremely useful synthetic intermediates. However, examples of conversion of propargylic derivatives to form propargyl compounds remain limited due to the challenging regioselectivity. We use LaCl3·2LiCl to catalyze propargylation of Grignard reagents in the absence of ligand in high regioselectivity and stereospecificity. The approach shows a wide substrate scope using alkyl or (hetero)aryl Grignard reagents and alkynyl electrophiles with different leaving groups. Our protocol was further applied for the formal synthesis of frondosin B. It is worth exploring methodologies utilizing the naturally abundant and relatively nontoxic lanthanum catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yifan Li
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Runkai Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Wan
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongchao Lv
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
- CMC Pharmaceutical Research Center, Wuhan RS Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
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4
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Posevins D, Bäckvall JE. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Propargylic Substrates with Grignard Reagents. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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6
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Kar S, Sanderson H, Roy K, Benfenati E, Leszczynski J. Green Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3637-3710. [PMID: 34910451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The principles of green chemistry (GC) can be comprehensively implemented in green synthesis of pharmaceuticals by choosing no solvents or green solvents (preferably water), alternative reaction media, and consideration of one-pot synthesis, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), continuous processing, and process intensification approaches for atom economy and final waste reduction. The GC's execution in green synthesis can be performed using a holistic design of the active pharmaceutical ingredient's (API) life cycle, minimizing hazards and pollution, and capitalizing the resource efficiency in the synthesis technique. Thus, the presented review accounts for the comprehensive exploration of GC's principles and metrics, an appropriate implication of those ideas in each step of the reaction schemes, from raw material to an intermediate to the final product's synthesis, and the final execution of the synthesis into scalable industry-based production. For real-life examples, we have discussed the synthesis of a series of established generic pharmaceuticals, starting with the raw materials, and the intermediates of the corresponding pharmaceuticals. Researchers and industries have thoughtfully instigated a green synthesis process to control the atom economy and waste reduction to protect the environment. We have extensively discussed significant reactions relevant for green synthesis, one-pot cascade synthesis, MCRs, continuous processing, and process intensification, which may contribute to the future of green and sustainable synthesis of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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7
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Chen P, Wang ZY, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Stereospecific Iron-Catalyzed Carbon (sp 2)-Carbon (sp 2) Cross-Coupling of Aryllithium with Vinyl Halides. Org Lett 2021; 23:4385-4390. [PMID: 34008404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present herein an efficient synthetic protocol involving iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of organolithium compounds with vinyl halides as key coupling partners. More than 30 examples were obtained with moderate to good yields and high stereoselectivities. The practicality of this method is evidenced by a gram-scale synthesis. In addition, a preliminary mechanistic investigation was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang District, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang District, Shenzhen 518172, China
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8
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Fürstner A. Iron Catalyzed C–C-Bond Formation: From Canonical Cross Coupling to a Quest for New Reactivity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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9
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Rana S, Biswas JP, Paul S, Paik A, Maiti D. Organic synthesis with the most abundant transition metal–iron: from rust to multitasking catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:243-472. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising aspects of iron in synthetic chemistry are being explored for three-four decades as a green and eco-friendly alternative to late transition metals. This present review unveils these rich iron-chemistry towards different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | | | - Sabarni Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Aniruddha Paik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling
- India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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10
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Tyrol CC, Yone NS, Gallin CF, Byers JA. Iron-catalysed enantioconvergent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling to afford enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14661-14664. [PMID: 33155609 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first stereoconvergent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction was developed to afford enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes. An iron-based complex containing a chiral cyanobis(oxazoline) ligand framework was best to obtain enantioenriched 1,1-diarylalkanes from cross-coupling reactions between unactivated aryl boronic esters and benzylic chlorides. Enhanced yields were obtained when 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene was used as an additive, which is hypothesized to extend the lifetime of the iron-based catalyst. Exceptional enantioselectivities were obtained with challenging ortho-substituted benzylic chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet C Tyrol
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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11
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Agata R, Lu S, Matsuda H, Isozaki K, Nakamura M. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-enynes by iron-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of propargyl electrophiles under ligand-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3022-3026. [PMID: 32239018 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The first iron-catalysed cross coupling of propargyl electrophiles with lithium alkenylborates has been developed. Various propargyl electrophiles can be cross-coupled with lithium (E)- or (Z)-alkenylborates in a stereospecific manner to afford the corresponding 1,4-enynes in good to excellent yields. The reaction features high SN2-type regioselectivity and functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Agata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. and Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Siming Lu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. and Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Isozaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. and Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. and Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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12
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Manjón‐Mata I, Quirós MT, Buñuel E, Cárdenas DJ. Regioselective Iron‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Propargylic Bromides and Aryl Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Manjón‐Mata
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Teresa Quirós
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Buñuel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Diego J. Cárdenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de MadridInstitute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Avd. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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13
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Talasila DS, Queensen MJ, Barnes-Flaspoler M, Jurkowski K, Stephenson E, Rabus JM, Bauer EB. Ferrocenium Cations as Catalysts for the Etherification of Cyclopropyl-Substituted Propargylic Alcohols: Ene-yne Formation and Mechanistic Insights. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deva Saroja Talasila
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis MO USA
| | - Matthew J. Queensen
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis MO USA
| | - Michael Barnes-Flaspoler
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis MO USA
| | - Kellsie Jurkowski
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis MO USA
| | - Evan Stephenson
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis MO USA
| | - Jordan M. Rabus
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis MO USA
| | - Eike B. Bauer
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard 63121 St. Louis MO USA
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14
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Hugelshofer CL, Palani V, Sarpong R. Calyciphylline B-type Alkaloids: Evolution of a Synthetic Strategy to (−)-Daphlongamine H. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14069-14091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric L. Hugelshofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Jiang Y, Ma Y, Ma E, Li Z. Copper‐Catalyzed Selective Cross‐Couplings of Propargylic Ethers with Aryl Grignard Reagents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Enlu Ma
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
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16
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Huang L, Gu Y, Fürstner A. Iron-Catalyzed Reactions of 2-Pyridone Derivatives: 1,6-Addition and Formal Ring Opening/Cross Coupling. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4017-4023. [PMID: 31274217 PMCID: PMC7687238 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of simple iron salts, 2‐pyridone derivatives react with Grignard reagents under mild conditions to give the corresponding 1,6‐addition products; if the reaction medium is supplemented with an aprotic dipolar cosolvent after the actual addition step, the intermediates primarily formed succumb to ring opening, giving rise to non‐thermodynamic Z,E‐configured dienoic acid amide derivatives which are difficult to make otherwise. Control experiments as well as the isolation and crystallographic characterization of a (tricarbonyl)iron pyridone complex suggest that the active iron catalyst generated in situ exhibits high affinity to the polarized diene system embedded into the heterocyclic ring system of the substrates, which likely serves as the actual recognition element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Yiting Gu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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17
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Kim JG, Baek JH, Kim YJ, Jang YJ, Kang EJ. Chemoselective Kumada‐Type Iron Catalysis with Alkyl Grignard Reagents: Reductive Cyclization and Cyclomethylation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Kim
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Baek
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jang
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Department of Applied ChemistryKyung Hee University Yongin 17104 Korea
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18
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Lu XL, Shannon M, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Stereospecific Iron-Catalyzed Carbon(sp2)–Carbon(sp3) Cross-Coupling with Alkyllithium and Alkenyl Iodides. Org Lett 2019; 21:2546-2549. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Conventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
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19
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Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron‐Catalyzed C(
sp
2
)−C(
sp
3
) Cross‐Coupling of Chlorobenzamides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents: Development of Catalyst System, Synthetic Scope, and Application. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 United States
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20
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Gomes F, Echeverria PG, Fürstner A. Iron- or Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction Cascades Merging Cycloisomerization and Cross-Coupling Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:16814-16822. [PMID: 30183112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A conceptually novel reaction cascade is presented, which allows readily available enynes to be converted into functionalized 1,3-dienes comprising a stereodefined tetrasubstituted alkene unit; such compounds are difficult to make by conventional means. The overall transformation is thought to commence with formation of a metallacyclic intermediate that evolves via cleavage of an unstrained C-X bond in its backbone. This non-canonical cycloisomerization process is followed by a cross-coupling step, such that reductive C-C bond formation regenerates the necessary low-valent metal fragment and hence closes an intricate catalytic cycle. The cascade entails the formation of two new C-C bonds at the expense of the constitutional C-X entity of the substrate: importantly, the extruded group X must not be a heteroelement (X=O, NR), since activated β-C-C bonds can also be broken. This concern was reduced to practice in two largely complementary formats: one procedure relies on the use of alkyl-Grignard reagents in combination with catalytic amounts of Fe(acac)3, whereas the second method amalgamates cycloisomerization with Suzuki coupling by recourse to arylboronic acids and phosphine-ligated palladium catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Gomes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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21
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Hu YJ, Fan JH, Li S, Zhao J, Li CC. Synthetic Study toward the Total Synthesis of Taxezopidines A and B. Org Lett 2018; 20:5905-5909. [PMID: 30192554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthetic approach to construct the [6,8,6]-tricyclic core of taxezopidines A and B, which contains a synthetically challenging bridged bicyclo[5.3.1]undecane ring system bearing most of the desired functionalized groups and stereocenters, has been established. This approach features a diastereoselective type II intramolecular Diels-Alder furan reaction. The stereochemistry of the acetoxy group at the allylic position of the dienophile alkene group, such as in 6a, was found to be critical for achieving the desired highly diastereoselective outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jian Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau 999078 , China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau 999078 , China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau 999078 , China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau 999078 , China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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22
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Parchomyk T, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Koszinowski K. Oxidation States, Stability, and Reactivity of Organoferrate Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9709-9720. [PMID: 29991250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have applied a combination of electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, electrical conductivity measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy to identify and characterize the organoferrate species R nFe m- formed upon the transmetalation of iron precursors (Fe(acac)3, FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OAc)2) with Grignard reagents RMgX (R = Me, Et, Bu, Hex, Oct, Dec, Me3SiCH2, Bn, Ph, Mes, 3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3; X = Cl, Br) in tetrahydrofuran. The observed organoferrates show a large variety in their aggregation (1 ≤ m ≤ 8) and oxidation states (I to IV), which are chiefly determined by the nature of their organyl groups R. In numerous cases, the addition of a bidentate amine or phosphine changes the distributions of organoferrates and affects their stability. Besides undergoing efficient intermolecular exchange processes, several of the probed organoferrates react with organyl (pseudo)halides R'X (R' = Et, iPr, Bu, Ph, p-Tol; X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) to afford heteroleptic complexes of the type R3FeR'-. Gas-phase fragmentation of most of these complexes results in reductive eliminations of the coupling products RR' (or, alternatively, of R2). This finding indicates that iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions may proceed via such heteroleptic organoferrates R3FeR'- as intermediates. Gas-phase fragmentation of other organoferrate complexes leads to β-hydrogen eliminations, the loss of arenes, and the expulsion of organyl radicals. The operation of both one- and two-electron processes is consistent with previous observations and contributes to the formidable complexity of organoiron chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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23
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals: In Pursuit of Sustainability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11116-11128. [PMID: 29460380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of precious metals has led to the development of sustainable strategies for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The establishment of new catalytic methods using iron is attractive owing to the low cost, abundance, ready availability, and very low toxicity of iron. In the last few years, sustainable methods for iron-catalyzed cross-couplings have entered the critical area of pharmaceutical research. Most notably, iron is one of the very few metals that have been successfully field-tested as highly effective base-metal catalysts in practical, kilogram-scale industrial cross-couplings. In this Minireview, we critically discuss the strategic benefits of using iron catalysts as green and sustainable alternatives to precious metals in cross-coupling applications for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The Minireview provides an essential introduction to the fundamental aspects of practical iron catalysis, highlights areas for improvement, and identifies new fields to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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24
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Szostak M. Eisenkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen in der Synthese von Pharmazeutika: Streben nach Nachhaltigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry Opole University 48 Oleska Street 45-052 Opole Polen
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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25
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Liu Q, Wang ZY, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Ligand-Free Iron-Catalyzed Carbon(sp 2)-Carbon(sp 2) Cross-Coupling of Alkenyllithium with Vinyl Halides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6325-6333. [PMID: 29790346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient ligand-free iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction involving alkenyllithium and vinyl iodides was developed to form diene species in moderate to good yields. This new iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction provides a mild, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly avenue toward synthesis of diversified diene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , No. 10 Second Yuexing Road , Shenzhen 518507 , China
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR , China.,Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , No. 10 Second Yuexing Road , Shenzhen 518507 , China
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26
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Bisz E, Szostak M. Iron-Catalyzed C-O Bond Activation: Opportunity for Sustainable Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3964-3981. [PMID: 28840648 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as some of the most valuable cross-coupling partners in organic synthesis due to several major strategic and environmental benefits, such as abundance and potential to avoid toxic halide waste. In this context, iron-catalyzed C-O activation/cross-coupling holds particular promise to achieve sustainable catalytic protocols due to its natural abundance, inherent low toxicity, and excellent economic and ecological profile. Recently, tremendous progress has been achieved in the development of new methods for functional-group-tolerant iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions by selective C-O cleavage. These methods establish highly attractive alternatives to traditional cross-coupling reactions by using halides as electrophilic partners. In particular, new easily accessible oxygen-based electrophiles have emerged as substrates in iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which significantly broaden the scope of this catalysis platform. New mechanistic manifolds involving iron catalysis have been established; thus opening up vistas for the development of a wide range of unprecedented reactions. The synthetic potential of this sustainable mode of reactivity has been highlighted by the development of new strategies in the construction of complex motifs, including in target synthesis. The most recent advances in sustainable iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of C-O-based electrophiles are reviewed, with a focus on both mechanistic aspects and synthetic utility. It should be noted that this catalytic manifold provides access to motifs that are often not easily available by other methods, such as the assembly of stereodefined dienes or C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) cross-couplings, thus emphasizing the synthetic importance of this mode of reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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27
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Zhang M, Han Y, Niu JL, Zhang ZH. A General and Practical Approach for the Synthesis of 1,2,4-Trioxanes Catalyzed by Silica-Ferric Chloride. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Liang Niu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Hui Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science; Hebei Normal University; Shijiazhuang 050024 People's Republic of China
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28
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Taç D, Aytaç İA, Karatavuk AO, Kuş M, Ziyanak F, Artok L. Iron-Promoted 1,5-Substitution (SN
2′′) Reactions of Enyne Acetates and Oxiranes with Grignard Reagents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doğan Taç
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla; 35430 Izmir Turkey
| | - İsmet Arınç Aytaç
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla; 35430 Izmir Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Karatavuk
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Trakya University; 22030 Edirne Turkey
| | - Melih Kuş
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla; 35430 Izmir Turkey
| | - Fırat Ziyanak
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla; 35430 Izmir Turkey
| | - Levent Artok
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla; 35430 Izmir Turkey
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29
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Casitas A, Rees JA, Goddard R, Bill E, DeBeer S, Fürstner A. Two Exceptional Homoleptic Iron(IV) Tetraalkyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Casitas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Julian A. Rees
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Box 351700 Seattle WA 98195-1700 USA
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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30
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Casitas A, Rees JA, Goddard R, Bill E, DeBeer S, Fürstner A. Two Exceptional Homoleptic Iron(IV) Tetraalkyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10108-10113. [PMID: 28251752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the high-valent iron complex [Fe(cyclohexyl)4 ] from FeII under reducing conditions is best explained by disproportionation of a transient organoiron intermediate which is driven by dispersive forces between the cyclohexyl ligands and the formation of short and strong Fe-C bonds. The (meta)stability of this diamagnetic complex (S=0) is striking if one considers that it has empty d-orbitals at its disposal and contains, at the same time, no less than twenty H-atoms available for either α- or β-hydride elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Casitas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Julian A Rees
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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31
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Neely J, Bezdek M, Chirik PJ. Insight into Transmetalation Enables Cobalt-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:935-942. [PMID: 28058283 PMCID: PMC5200927 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the fundamental transformations that comprise a catalytic cycle for cross coupling, transmetalation from the nucleophile to the metal catalyst is perhaps the least understood. Optimizing this elementary step has enabled the first example of a cobalt-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling between aryl triflate electrophiles and heteroaryl boron nucleophiles. Key to this discovery was the preparation and characterization of a new class of tetrahedral, high-spin bis(phosphino)pyridine cobalt(I) alkoxide and aryloxide complexes, (iPrPNP)CoOR, and optimizing their reactivity with 2-benzofuranylBPin (Pin = pinacolate). Cobalt compounds with small alkoxide substituents such as R = methyl and ethyl underwent swift transmetalation at 23 °C but also proved kinetically unstable toward β-H elimination. Secondary alkoxides such as R = iPr or CH(Ph)Me balanced stability and reactivity. Isolation and structural characterization of the product following transmetalation, (iPrPNP)Co(2-benzofuranyl), established a planar, diamagnetic cobalt(I) complex, demonstrating the high- and low-spin states of cobalt(I) rapidly interconvert during this reaction. The insights from the studies in this elementary step guided selection of appropriate reaction conditions to enable the first examples of cobalt-catalyzed C-C bond formation between neutral boron nucleophiles and aryl triflate electrophiles, and a model for the successful transmetalation reactivity is proposed.
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32
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Fürstner A. Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Critical Assessment of What It Takes To Make This Base Metal a Multitasking Champion. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:778-789. [PMID: 27981231 PMCID: PMC5140022 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current status of homogeneous iron catalysis in organic chemistry is contemplated, as are the reasons why this particular research area only recently starts challenging the enduring dominance of the late and mostly noble metals over the field. Centered in the middle of the d-block and able to support formal oxidation states ranging from -II to +VI, iron catalysts hold the promise of being able to encompass organic synthesis at large. They are expected to serve reductive as well as oxidative regimes, can emulate "noble tasks", but are also able to adopt "early" transition metal character. Since a comprehensive coverage of this multidimensional agenda is beyond the scope of an Outlook anyway, emphasis is laid in this article on the analysis of the factors that perhaps allow one to control the multifarious chemical nature of this earth-abundant metal. The challenges are significant, not least at the analytical frontier; their mastery mandates a mindset that differs from the routines that most organic chemists interested in (noble metal) catalysis tend to cultivate. This aspect notwithstanding, it is safe to predict that homogeneous iron catalysis bears the chance to enable a responsible paradigm for chemical synthesis and a sustained catalyst economy, while potentially providing substantial economic advantages. This promise will spur the systematic and in-depth investigations that it takes to upgrade this research area to strategy-level status in organic chemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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33
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Echeverria PG, Fürstner A. An Iron-Catalyzed Bond-Making/Bond-Breaking Cascade Merges Cycloisomerization and Cross-Coupling Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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34
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Echeverria PG, Fürstner A. An Iron-Catalyzed Bond-Making/Bond-Breaking Cascade Merges Cycloisomerization and Cross-Coupling Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11188-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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