1
|
Rivera RM, Ferrin ZR, Lindsay VNG. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Cyclopropanone Hemiaminals: General Access to Pyrroloindolones from Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4738-4743. [PMID: 38809772 PMCID: PMC11212033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A concise synthetic approach to medicinally relevant pyrroloindolones and related fused heterocycles is reported via the diastereoselective N-addition of unprotected indoles to readily accessible cyclopropanone equivalents. The resulting stable hemiaminals are shown to smoothly rearrange to pyrroloindolones in mild conditions using Fe(III) catalysis in the presence of inexpensive ammonium persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant. Experimental evidence points toward the formation of a β-carboxylic radical intermediate prone to cyclization and oxidative rearomatization as the operative mechanistic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Machín Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zack R. Ferrin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Liu H, Liu L, Yu JT. Metal-free polychloromethylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes towards ring-fused tricyclic indolones and benzoimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7079-7084. [PMID: 37641965 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Polychloromethylative cyclization of N-alkenyl indoles was developed under metal-free conditions to afford tricyclic pyridoindolones and pyrroloindolones in moderate to good yields. In the reaction, commercially available CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 were employed as tri- and dichloromethyl radical sources. Moreover, tri- and dichloromethylated polycyclic benzoimidazoles can also be obtained under standard conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yechun Wu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Han Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Lingli Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shan Y, Yang Z, Yu JT, Pan C. Metal-free polychloromethyl radical-initiated cyclization of unactivated N-allylindoles towards pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5259-5263. [PMID: 35735246 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free polychloromethyl radical-initiated cyclization of unactivated alkenes was developed using CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 as the di- and trichloromethyl radical sources. Variously substituted N-allyl-indoles were successfully transformed into the corresponding C2-(di- and trichloromethyl) pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in moderate to good yields. This reaction has a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Dibromomethylated products can also be obtained using CH2Br2 under standard conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Shan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Zixian Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Wu M, Ju H, Yang H, Qian B, Ding K, Wu J, Xie M. K2S2O8-mediated acylarylation of unactivated alkenes via acyl radical addition/C–H annulation cascade of N-allyl-indoles with silver cocatalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed, K2S2O8-mediated protocol to access the regioselective acylarylation of unactivated alkenes was reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Manyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Baiyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Zhang M, Yang W, Yang X. Research Progress in Radical Cascade Reaction Using Nitrogen Heterocycle in Indoles as Radical Acceptors. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
H-phosphinates, H-phosphonates and secondary phosphine oxides in radical reactions and strategy analysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Wu Y, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Song R, Li J. Recent Advances in Silver‐Mediated Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Chen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Ting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Ren‐Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Y, Chen K, Ge X, Ma P, Xu Z, Lu H, Li G. Redox-Neutral P(O)-N Coupling between P(O)-H Compounds and Azides via Dual Copper and Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6143-6149. [PMID: 32649207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a redox-neutral P(O)-N coupling reaction of P(O)-H compounds with azides via photoredox and copper catalysis, providing new access to useful phosphinamides, phosphonamides, and phosphoramides. This transformation tolerates a wide range of nucleophilic functionalities including alcohol and amine nucleophiles, which makes up for the deficiency of classical nitrogen nucleophilic substitution reactions. As a demonstration of the broad potential applications of this new methodology, late-stage functionalization of a diverse array of azido-bearing natural products and drug molecules, a preliminary asymmetric reaction, and a continuous visible-light photoflow process have been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xia Ge
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Zhao F, Chen X, Deng G, Huang H. Aerobic Oxidative Functionalization of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saiwen Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan City University Yiyang 413000 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine of Hunan Province School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gorre R, Enagandhula D, Balasubramanian S, Akondi SM. Visible-light-driven metal-free aerobic synthesis of highly diastereoselective phosphinoylpyrroloindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1354-1358. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02730k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A tandem C–P and C–C bond formation promoted by visible light at room temperature in a highly diastereoselective manner is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Gorre
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of scientific and innovative research (AcSIR)
| | - Damodar Enagandhula
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Sridhar Balasubramanian
- Academy of scientific and innovative research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad 201002
- India
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- CSIR-IICT
| | - Srirama Murthy Akondi
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT)
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of scientific and innovative research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li CK, Tao ZK, Zhou ZH, Bao XG, Zhou SF, Zou JP. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative sp3-Carbon Radical Cross-Coupling with Trialkylphosphites Leading to α-Phosphonyl 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2351-2357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ze-Kun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shao-Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie X, Li P, Wang L. Synthesis of 2-Sulfonated-9H
-Pyrrolo[1,2-a
]indoles via a Ag-Promoted Cascade Sulfonation and Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Chemistry; Huaibei Normal University; 235000 Huaibei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry; Huaibei Normal University; 235000 Huaibei, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Huaibei Normal University; 235000 Huaibei, Anhui P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 200032 Shanghai P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu X, Han Y, Li M, Li X, Liang Y. Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Sulfonylation of
N
‐Propargylindoles with Concomitant 1,2‐Aryl Migration. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Ping Han
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ta L, Sundén H. Oxidative organocatalytic chemoselective N-acylation of heterocycles with aromatic and conjugated aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:531-534. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative organocatalytic acylation of indoles with aldehydes serves as an alternative to sensitive acyl chlorides and coupling agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ta
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
- Kemivägen 10
- Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology
- Kemivägen 10
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fang G, Cong X, Zanoni G, Liu Q, Bi X. Silver-Based Radical Reactions: Development and Insights. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guichun Fang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 10 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University, Tianjin; 300071 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu XT, Zhao Q, Liu F, Wang AF, Cai PJ, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Silver-mediated radical 5-exo-dig cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles: synthesis of phosphinylated 1-indenones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6828-6831. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new silver-mediated 5-exo-dig cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles with disubstituted phosphine oxide and H2O has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ai-Fang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Pei-Jun Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- China University of Mining and Technology
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|