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Saha J, Banerjee S, Malo S, Das AK, Das I. A Torquoselective Thermal 6π-Electrocyclization Approach to 1,4-Cyclohexadienes via Solvent-Aided Proton Transfer: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304009. [PMID: 38179806 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The thermal 6π-electrocyclization of hexatriene typically delivers 1,3-cyclohexadiene (1,3-CHD). However, there is only limited success in directly synthesizing 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) using such an approach, probably due to the difficulty in realizing thermally-forbidden 1,3-hydride shift after electrocyclic ring closure. The present study shows that by heating (2E,4E,6E)-hexatrienes bearing ester or ketone substituents at the C1-position in a mixture of toluene/MeOH or EtOH (2 : 1) solvents at 90-100 °C, 1,4-CHDs can be selectively synthesized. This is achieved through a torquoselective disrotatory 6π-electrocyclic ring closure followed by a proton-transfer process. The success of this method depends on the polar protic solvent-assisted intramolecular proton transfer from 1,3-CHD to 1,4-CHD, which has been confirmed by deuterium-labeling experiments. There are no reports to date for such a solvent-assisted isomerization. Density functional theory (DFT) studies have suggested that forming 1,3-CHD and subsequent isomerization is a thermodynamically feasible process, regardless of the functional groups involved. Two possible successive polar solvent-assisted proton-transfer pathways have been identified for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Saha
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyJadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumadip Banerjee
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sidhartha Malo
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyJadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Abhijit Kumar Das
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Indrajit Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyJadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Morofuji T, Inagawa K, Kano N. Sequential Ring-Opening and Ring-Closing Reactions for Converting para-Substituted Pyridines into meta-Substituted Anilines. Org Lett 2021; 23:6126-6130. [PMID: 34314185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a method for converting para-substituted pyridine rings into meta-dialkylamino-substituted benzene rings through sequential ring-opening and ring-closing reactions. The nitrogen atom in the pyridine rings was replaced with a methine group, and a dialkylamino substituent was introduced onto the original unsubstituted carbon atom in the pyridine rings. This process can be formally regarded as a hybrid of the skeletal editing and C-H amination of pyridine rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Kota Inagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Naokazu Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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Chang L, Fischer-Durand N, Gontard G, Bertrand B, Thorimbert S, Dechoux L. A Solvent-free, Catalyst-free Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition Dearomatization Strategy: Towards New Fluorophores for Biomolecules Labelling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1821-1824. [PMID: 33651919 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A general, sustainable dearomatization reaction for nitrogen-containing heterocycles was developed. Under solvent free conditions and without catalyst, the biorenewable methyl coumalate (MC) reacted as an efficient C3 partner to convert nine types of basic aromatic rings into their pyrido[1,2-a] fused derivatives in good to excellent yields. The fluorescence properties of some of the products were harnessed to conjugate fluorescent tags to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Nathalie Fischer-Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Serge Thorimbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Luc Dechoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
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Mies T, Ma TK, Barrett AGM. Syntheses of polyfunctional aromatic compounds from non-aromatic precursors. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhao Q, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Synthesis of polysubstituted arenes through organocatalytic benzannulation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40983-41003. [PMID: 35519191 PMCID: PMC9057797 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysubstituted arenes serve as ubiquitous structural cores of aromatic compounds with significant applications in chemistry, biological science, and materials science. Among all the synthetic approaches toward these highly functionalized arenes, organocatalytic benzannulation represents one of the most efficient and versatile transformations in the assembly of structurally diverse arene architectures under mild conditions with exceptional chemo-, regio- or stereoselectivities. Thus, the development of new benzannulation reactions through organocatalysis has attracted much attention in the past ten years. This review systemically presents recent advances in the organocatalytic benzannulation strategies, categorized as follows: (1) Brønsted acid-catalysis, (2) secondary amine catalysis, (3) primary amine catalysis, (4) tertiary amine catalysis, (5) tertiary phosphine catalysis, and (6) N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Each part is further classified into several types according to the number of carbon atoms contributed by different synthons participating in the cyclization reaction. The reaction mechanisms involved in different benzannulation strategies were highlighted. Organocatalytic benzannulation represents one of the most efficient transformations for assembling polysubstituted arenes, this review presents recent advances in organocatalytic benzannulation strategies to construct functionalized benzenes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
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Morofuji T, Kinoshita H, Kano N. Connecting a carbonyl and a π-conjugated group through a p-phenylene linker by (5+1) benzene ring formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8575-8578. [PMID: 31274134 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A benzene ring was formed to connect a carbonyl group of various methyl ketones with a π-conjugated group through a p-phenylene linker. Methyl ketones and streptocyanines were used as the C1 and C5 sources, respectively, in the (5+1) annulation, which could form donor-π-acceptor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Morofuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
| | - Hanae Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
| | - Naokazu Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
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Wu J, Mou C, Chi YR. Construction of Multi-Substituted Benzenes via NHC-Catalyzed Reactions of Carboxylic Esters. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education; Guizhou University, Huaxi District; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Chengli Mou
- School of Pharmacy; Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education; Guizhou University, Huaxi District; Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
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Peng S, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhang X, Huang Y. Streamlined asymmetric α-difunctionalization of ynones. Nat Commun 2018; 9:375. [PMID: 29371601 PMCID: PMC5785506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ynones are a unique class of structural motifs that show remarkable chemical versatility. Chiral ynones, particularly those possessing an α-stereogenic center, are highly attractive templates for structural diversification. So far, only very limited examples have been reported for asymmetric α-functionalization of ynones. Asymmetric double α-functionalization of ynones remains elusive. Here we describe a streamlined strategy for asymmetric α-difunctionalization of ynones. We developed a gold-catalyzed multicomponent condensation reaction from a simple ynone, an amine, and an electrophilic alkynylating reagent to generate a 1,2-dialkynyl enamine, a key stable and isolable intermediate. This intermediate can undergo asymmetric fluorination catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid derivative. Chiral ynones with an α-quaternary carbon and containing a fluorine and an alkyne can be synthesized in high yield and high ee. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of enantioenriched tri(hetero)arylmethyl fluorides. Chiral ynones with an α-quaternary carbon are attractive synthetic building blocks for natural and pharmaceutical products. Here, the authors report an asymmetric α-difunctionalization of simple ynones, involving a gold-catalyzed step and yielding enantioenriched fluorinated quaternary stereocentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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