1
|
Maikhuri VK, Mathur D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Parmar VS, Singh BK. Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Recent Advances, Mechanism, Scope and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:4. [PMID: 38296918 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a pharmacologically important moiety that exhibits diverse biological activities. This review reflects the growing significance of transition metal-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of pyrimidines (with no discussion being made on the transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrimidines). The effect of different catalysts on the selectivity/yields of pyrimidines and catalyst recyclability (wherever applicable) are described, together with attempts to illustrate the role of the catalyst through mechanisms. Although several methods have been researched for synthesizing this privileged scaffold, there has been a considerable push to expand transition metal-catalyzed, sustainable, efficient and selective synthetic strategies leading to pyrimidines. The aim of the authors with this update (2017-2023) is to drive the designing of new transition metal-mediated protocols for pyrimidine synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Nanoscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry, City College & Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gaware S, Chatterjee R, Kapdi AR, Dandela R. Copper-catalysed chemoselective C-OH bond activation of N-benzoyl cytosine: facile access to 2-(dimethylamino)pyrimidine. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37448341 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the direct amination of N-benzoyl cytosine has been developed, giving access to 2-(dimethylamino)pyrimidine derivatives. A copper(II) catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide easily promote the selective amination process that proceeds via C-OH bond activation. This practical approach can utilize different formamide molecules, N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-diethylformamide, as efficient amino (-NMe2, -NEt2) sources. Moreover, the facile nature of the procedure, its broad tolerance of aliphatic and aromatic substrates, the high yields and ease of separation of the products, and the fact that it can be conducted under aerobic conditions are all notable advantages of the present protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet Gaware
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology - Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013, India.
| | - Rana Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology - Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013, India.
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Rambabu Dandela
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology - Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chan CK, Chung YH, Wang CC. Acid-controlled multicomponent selective synthesis of 2,4,6-triaryl pyridines and pyrimidines by using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27281-27291. [PMID: 36276015 PMCID: PMC9513438 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and general protocol for the synthesis of functionalized 2,4,6-triaryl pyridines and pyrimidines was developed from commercially available aromatic ketones, aldehydes and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) as a nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. In this multicomponent synthetic route, Lewis acids play an important role in selectively synthesizing six-membered heterocycles, including pyridines (1N) and pyrimidines (2N), by involving [2 + 1 + 2 + 1] or [2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1] annulated processes. Synthesis of pyrimidines and pyridines from commercially available ketones and aldehydes by using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source and controlled by acids under microwave irradiation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gümüş M, Koca İ. Enamines and Dimethylamino Imines as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Reactions of DMF‐DMA Reagent with Different Functional Groups. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gümüş
- Akdağmadeni Health College Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey
| | - İrfan Koca
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Art & Sciences Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das A, Ishitani H, Kobayashi S. Toward Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Biologically Interesting Pyrazole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Haruro Ishitani
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Social Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 133-0033 Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Social Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 133-0033 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang M, Nie Q, Cai M. Heterogeneous gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization between ynals and amidines: An efficient and practical synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1631347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- School of New Energy Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu, China
| | - Quan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingzhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Penteado F, Lopes EF, Alves D, Perin G, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ. α-Keto Acids: Acylating Agents in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7113-7278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eric F. Lopes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jalani HB, Mali JR, Park H, Lee JK, Lee K, Lee K, Choi Y. Iodine‐Promoted One‐pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted 4‐Aminopyrroles and Bis‐4‐aminopyrrole from Aryl Methyl Ketones, Arylamines, and Enamines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh B. Jalani
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jyotirling R. Mali
- College of PharmacyDongguk University-Seoul Goyang 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejun Park
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Lee
- Center for Neuromedicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of PharmacyKorea University Sejong-ro 2511 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of PharmacyDongguk University-Seoul Goyang 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Le Pham NS, Lee J, Shin H, Sohn JH. Decarboxylative cross-couplings of 2-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Heterogeneous gold(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] annulation between ynamides and nitriles: Straightforward synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Kim H, Phan NHT, Shin H, Lee HS, Sohn JH. Dehydrosulfurative arylation with concomitant oxidative dehydrogenation for rapid access to pyrimidine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|