1
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Ordoñez O, Yu X, Schuerlein MA, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. An Actinide Complex with a Nucleophilic Allenylidene Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39371031 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of [Cp3Th(3,3-diphenylcyclopropenyl)] (Cp = η5-C5H5) with 1 equiv of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) results in cyclopropenyl ring opening and formation of the thorium allenylidene complex, [Li(Et2O)2][Cp3Th(CCCPh2)] ([Li(Et2O)2][1]), in good yield. Additionally, deprotonation of [Cp3Th(3,3-diphenylcyclopropenyl)] with 1 equiv of LDA, in the presence of 12-crown-4 or 2.2.2-cryptand, results in the formation of discrete cation/anion pairs, [Li(12-crown-4)(THF)][Cp3Th(CCCPh2)] ([Li(12-crown-4)(THF)][1]) and [Li(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp3Th(CCCPh2)] ([Li(2.2.2-cryptand)][1]), respectively. Interestingly, the complex [Li(Et2O)2][1] undergoes dimerization upon standing at room temperature, resulting in the formation of [Cp2Th(μ:η1:η3-CCCPh2)]2 (2), via loss of LiCp. The reaction of [Li(Et2O)2][1] with MeI results in electrophilic attack at the Cγ carbon atom, leading to the formation of a thorium acetylide complex, [Cp3Th(C≡CC(Me)Ph2)] (3), which can be isolated in 83% yield upon workup, whereas the reaction of [Li(Et2O)2][1] with benzophenone results in the formation of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutatriene (4) in 99% yield, according to integration against an internal standard. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on [1]- and 2 reveal significant electron delocalization across the allenylidene ligand. Additionally, calculations of the 13C NMR chemical shifts for the Cα, Cβ, and Cγ nuclei of the allenylidene ligand were in good agreement with the experimental shifts. The calculations reveal modest deshielding induced by spin-orbital effects originating at Th due to the involvement of the 5f orbitals in the Th-C bonds. According to a DFT analysis, the cyclopropenyl ring-opening reaction proceeds via [Cp3Th(η1-3,3-Ph2-cyclo-C3)]- (IM), which features a carbanion character at Cβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Ordoñez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Megan A Schuerlein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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2
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Slinger BL, Zhu J, Widenhoefer RA. Cationic Bis(Gold) Indenyl Complexes. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300691. [PMID: 38259056 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of (P)AuOTf [P=P(t-Bu)2o-biphenyl] with indenyl- or 3-methylindenyl lithium led to isolation of gold η1-indenyl complexes (P)Au(η1-inden-1-yl) (1 a) and (P)Au(η1-3-methylinden-1-yl) (1 b), respectively, in >65 % yield. Whereas complex 1 b is static, complex 1 a undergoes facile, degenerate 1,3-migration of gold about the indenyl ligand (ΔG≠ 153K=9.1±1.1 kcal/mol). Treatment of complexes 1 a and 1 b with (P)AuNTf2 led to formation of the corresponding cationic bis(gold) indenyl complexes trans-[(P)Au]2(η1,η1-inden-1,3-yl) (2 a) and trans-[(P)Au]2(η1,η2-3-methylinden-1-yl) (2 b), respectively, which were characterized spectroscopically and modeled computationally. Despite the absence of aurophilic stabilization in complexes 2 a and 2 b, the binding affinity of mono(gold) complex 1 a toward exogenous (P)Au+ exceed that of free indene by ~350-fold and similarly the binding affinity of 1 b toward exogenous (P)Au+ exceed that of 3-methylindene by ~50-fold. The energy barrier for protodeauration of bis(gold) indenyl complex 2 a with HOAc was ≥8 kcal/mol higher than for protodeauration of mono(gold) complex 1 a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady L Slinger
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University French Family Science Center, Durham, NC, 27708-0346, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University French Family Science Center, Durham, NC, 27708-0346, USA
| | - Ross A Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University French Family Science Center, Durham, NC, 27708-0346, USA
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3
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Li X, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Accessing elusive σ-type cyclopropenium cation equivalents through redox gold catalysis. Nat Chem 2024; 16:901-912. [PMID: 38783040 PMCID: PMC11164686 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cyclopropenes are the smallest unsaturated carbocycles. Removing one substituent from cyclopropenes leads to cyclopropenium cations (C3+ systems, CPCs). Stable aromatic π-type CPCs were discovered by Breslow in 1957 by removing a substituent on the aliphatic position. In contrast, σ-type CPCs-formally accessed by removing one substituent on the alkene-are unstable and relatively unexplored. Here we introduce electrophilic cyclopropenyl-gold(III) species as equivalents of σ-type CPCs, which can then react with terminal alkynes and vinylboronic acids. With catalyst loadings as low as 2 mol%, the synthesis of highly functionalized alkynyl- or alkenyl-cyclopropenes proceeded under mild conditions. A class of hypervalent iodine reagents-the cyclopropenyl benziodoxoles (CpBXs)-enabled the direct oxidation of gold(I) to gold(III) with concomitant transfer of a cyclopropenyl group. This protocol was general, tolerant to numerous functional groups and could be used for the late-stage modification of complex natural products, bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Doobary S, Olofsson B. Cyclopropenium functionalization. Nat Chem 2024; 16:847-848. [PMID: 38783039 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Doobary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202305. [PMID: 35239987 PMCID: PMC9314030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalyzed nucleophilic allylations of pyridinium and quinolinium ions with various allyl pinacolboronates are reported. The reactions are completely selective with respect to the site of the azinium ion that is attacked, to give various functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines and 1,4-dihydroquinolines. Evidence suggests that the reactions proceed through nucleophilic allylgold(I) intermediates formed by transmetalation from allylboronates. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamJubilee Campus, Triumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamJubilee Campus, Triumph RoadNottinghamNG7 2TUUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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6
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- University of Nottingham School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Hon Wai Lam
- University of Nottingham The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry Jubilee CampusTriumph Road NG7 2TU Nottingham UNITED KINGDOM
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7
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Kent G, Yu X, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. Ring-opening of a Thorium Cyclopropenyl Complex Generates a Transient Thorium-bound Carbene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6805-6808. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01780f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Cp3ThCl] with in situ generated lithium-3,3-diphenylcyclopropene results in the formation of [Cp3Th(3,3-diphenylcyclopropenyl)] (1), in good yields. Thermolysis of 1 results in isomerization to the ring-opened product, [Cp3Th(3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-yl)]...
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8
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Fang Z, Ma Y, Liu S, Bai H, Li S, Ning Y, Zanoni G, Liu Z. Silver-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes with alkenyl- N-triftosylhydrazones: a practical approach to 1,4-cycloheptadienes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00806h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A formal [4 + 3] cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes with alkenyl-N-triftosylhydrazones was developed using silver catalysis, producing a broad spectrum of complex 1,4-cycloheptadienes with high yields and predictable stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxue Fang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City 224007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huricha Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yongquan Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zhaohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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9
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Kent GT, Yu X, Wu G, Autschbach J, Hayton TW. Synthesis and electronic structure analysis of the actinide allenylidenes, [{(NR 2) 3}An(CCCPh 2)] - (An = U, Th; R = SiMe 3). Chem Sci 2021; 12:14383-14388. [PMID: 34880989 PMCID: PMC8580070 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04666g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of [AnCl(NR2)3] (An = U, Th, R = SiMe3) with in situ generated lithium-3,3-diphenylcyclopropene results in the formation of [{(NR2)3}An(CH[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2)] (An = U, 1; Th, 2) in good yields after work-up. Deprotonation of 1 or 2 with LDA/2.2.2-cryptand results in formation of the anionic allenylidenes, [Li(2.2.2-cryptand)][{(NR2)3}An(CCCPh2)] (An = U, 3; Th, 4). The calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts of the Cα, Cβ, and Cγ nuclei in 2 and 4 nicely reproduce the experimentally assigned order, and exhibit a characteristic spin-orbit induced downfield shift at Cα due to involvement of the 5f orbitals in the Th-C bonds. Additionally, the bonding analyses for 3 and 4 show a delocalized multi-center character of the ligand π orbitals involving the actinide. While a single-triple-single-bond resonance structure (e.g., An-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-CPh2) predominates, the An[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2 resonance form contributes, as well, more so for 3 than for 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greggory T Kent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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10
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Eppel D, Eryiğit A, Rudolph M, Brückner M, Rominger F, Asiri AM, Hashmi ASK. Mechanochemical Gold(III)-Carbon Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13636-13640. [PMID: 33825267 PMCID: PMC8251521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a [(MeO C^N^C)AuCl] complex as precursor, a direct substitution by C,H-activation from sp-, sp2 - or sp3 -C,H-bonds under basic conditions in a planetary ball mill was achieved. Because of the extraordinary photophysical properties of the target compounds, this protocol provides an easy access to a highly valued complex class. In contrast to existing protocols, no pre-functionalization of the starting materials is necessary and the use of expensive transition metal catalysts can be avoided, which makes this application appealing also for industrial purposes. In addition the methodology was not restricted to pincer complexes, which was demonstrated by the substitution of chelate type [(tpy)AuCl2 ] complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eppel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Alpay Eryiğit
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Margit Brückner
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi-Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi-Arabia
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE)Im Neuenheimer Feld 229Germany
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11
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Eppel D, Eryiğit A, Rudolph M, Brückner M, Rominger F, Asiri AM, Hashmi ASK. Mechanochemische Bildung von Gold(III)‐Kohlenstoffbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eppel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Alpay Eryiğit
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Margit Brückner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi-Arabien
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi-Arabien
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE) Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 Deutschland
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12
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Li D, Zang W, Bird MJ, Hyland CJT, Shi M. Gold-Catalyzed Conversion of Highly Strained Compounds. Chem Rev 2020; 121:8685-8755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wenqing Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Melissa J. Bird
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong,Wollongong New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Christopher J. T. Hyland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong,Wollongong New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
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13
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Abstract
Three- and four-membered rings, widespread motifs in nature and medicinal chemistry, have fascinated chemists ever since their discovery. However, due to energetic considerations, small rings are often difficult to assemble. In this regard, homogeneous gold catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to construct these highly strained carbocycles. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of all the major advances and discoveries made in the gold-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopropanes, cyclopropenes, cyclobutanes, cyclobutenes, and their corresponding heterocyclic or heterosubstituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Allegra Franchino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcı A-Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Quı́mica Analı́tica i Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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14
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Mulks FF, Hashmi ASK, Faraji S. Sesquicarbene Complexes: Bonding at the Interface Between M–C Single Bonds and M═C Double Bonds. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian F. Mulks
- Zernike Insitute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Insitute for Advanced Materials, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Cervantes‐Reyes A, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Sterically Demanding Ag I and Cu I N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, Steric Parameters, and Catalytic Activity. Chemistry 2020; 26:5530-5540. [PMID: 32104933 PMCID: PMC7216994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and full characterization of new air-stable AgI and CuI complexes bearing structurally bulky expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbene (erNHC) ligands is presented. The condensation of protonated NHC salts with Ag2 O afforded a collection of AgI complexes, and their first use as ligand transfer reagents led to novel isostructural CuI or AuI complexes. In situ deprotonation of the NHC salts in the presence of a copper(I) source, provides a library of new CuI complexes. The solid-state structures feature large N-CNHC -N angles (118-128°) and almost identical angles between the aryl groups on the nitrogen atoms and the plane of the N-C-N unit of the carbene (i.e. torsion angles close to 0°). Among the steric parameters, the percent buried volume (%Vbur ) values span easily in the 50-57 % range, and that one of (9-Dipp)CuBr complex (%Vbur =57.5) overcomes to other known erNHC-metal complexes reported to date. Preliminary catalytic experiments in the copper-catalyzed coupling between N-tosylhydrazone and phenylacetylene, afforded 76-93 % product at the 0.5-2.5 mol % catalyst loading, proving the stability of CuI erNHC complexes at elevated temperatures (100 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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16
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Holmsen MSM, Nova A, Øien‐Ødegaard S, Heyn RH, Tilset M. A Highly Asymmetric Gold(III) η 3 -Allyl Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1516-1520. [PMID: 31710154 PMCID: PMC7003771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A highly asymmetric AuIII η3 -allyl complex has been generated by treating Au(η1 -allyl)Br(tpy) (tpy=2-(p-tolyl)pyridine) with AgNTf2 . The resulting η3 -allyl complex has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. DFT calculations and variable temperature 1 H NMR suggest that the allyl ligand is highly fluxional.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainara Nova
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular SciencesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033 Blindern0315OsloNorway
- Department of ChemistryUiT-The Arctic University of Norway9037TromsøNorway
| | | | | | - Mats Tilset
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033 Blindern0315OsloNorway
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular SciencesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OsloP.O. Box 1033 Blindern0315OsloNorway
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17
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Holmsen MSM, Nova A, Øien‐Ødegaard S, Heyn RH, Tilset M. A Highly Asymmetric Gold(III) η
3
‐Allyl Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainara Nova
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Department of Chemistry UiT-The Arctic University of Norway 9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Sigurd Øien‐Ødegaard
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Mats Tilset
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P.O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
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18
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Rodriguez J, Szalóki G, Sosa Carrizo ED, Saffon‐Merceron N, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Gold(III) π‐Allyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1511-1515. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - György Szalóki
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - E. Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Hélioparc 2 Avenue du Président Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | | | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Hélioparc 2 Avenue du Président Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
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19
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Rodriguez J, Szalóki G, Sosa Carrizo ED, Saffon‐Merceron N, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Gold(III) π‐Allyl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - György Szalóki
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - E. Daiann Sosa Carrizo
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Hélioparc 2 Avenue du Président Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | | | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Hélioparc 2 Avenue du Président Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
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20
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Wang Q, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Diyne Cyclizations via 1,6‐Carbene Transfer. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of OrganicChemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institute of OrganicChemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of OrganicChemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Institute of OrganicChemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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22
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Drew MA, Arndt S, Richardson C, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK, Hyland CJT. Divergent gold-catalysed reactions of cyclopropenylmethyl sulfonamides with tethered heteroaromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13971-13974. [PMID: 31686080 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropenylmethyl sulfonamides with tethered heteroaromatics have been demonstrated to undergo divergent gold-catalysed cyclisation reactions. A formal dearomative (4+3) cycloaddition takes place with furan-tethered substrates, yielding densely functionalised 5,7-fused heterocycles related to the bioactive curcusone natural products. Indole-tethered substrates display divergent reactivity giving biologically important tetrahydro-β-carbolines via a Friedel-Crafts mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Drew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, 2522, Australia.
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23
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Kim N, Widenhoefer RA. Ionization of gold (γ-methoxy)vinyl complexes generates reactive gold vinyl carbene complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6149-6156. [PMID: 31360421 PMCID: PMC6585879 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic gold vinyl carbene/allylic cation complexes of the form (E)-[(L)AuC(H)C(H)CAr2]+ OTf- {L = IPr, Ar = Ph [(E)-5a], L = IPr, Ar = 4-C6H4OMe [(E)-5b], L = P(t-Bu)2 o-biphenyl, Ar = 4-C6H4OMe [(E)-5c]} were generated in solution via Lewis acid-mediated ionization of the corresponding gold (γ-methoxy)vinyl complexes (E)-(L)AuC(H)C(H)C(OMe)Ar2 at or below -95 °C. Complexes (E)-5b and (E)-5c were fully characterized in solution employing multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, which established the predominant contribution of the aurated allylic cation resonance structure and the significant distribution of positive charge into the γ-anisyl rings. Complex (E)-5b reacted rapidly at -95 °C with neutral two-electron, hydride, and oxygen atom donors exclusively at the C1 position of the vinyl carbene moiety and with p-methoxystyrene to form the corresponding vinylcyclopropane. In the absence of nucleophile (E)-5a decomposed predominantly via intermolecular carbene dimerization whereas formation of 1-aryl-5-methoxy indene upon ionization of (Z)-(IPr)AuC(H)C(H)C(OMe)(4-C6H4OMe)2 [(Z)-6b] implicated an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts or electrocyclic Nazarov pathway for the decomposition of the unobserved vinyl carbene complex (Z)-[(IPr)AuC(H)C(H)C(4-C6H4OMe)2]+ OTf- [(Z)-5b].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Kim
- French Family Science Center , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA .
| | - Ross A Widenhoefer
- French Family Science Center , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA .
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24
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Zargaran P, Mulks FF, Gall S, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Dinuclear NHC Gold(I) Allenyl and Propargyl Complexes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Zargaran
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian. F. Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Gall
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Mulks FF, Antoni PW, Gross JH, Graf J, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. 1,1-Digoldallylium Complexes: Diaurated Allylic Carbocations Indicate New Prospects of the Coordination Chemistry of Carbon. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4687-4695. [PMID: 30764608 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reacting (NHC)(cyclopropenyl)gold(I) complexes with cationic gold complexes [(IPr)AuX] afforded extremely reactive allylium-1,1-diido-bridged digold intermediates. We prove the existence and constitution of this structure with FT-ICR-MS/MS, NMR, and UV-vis-NIR experiments and isolated the nucleophilic addition product [(Me)(Ph)(CCHC){Au(IPr)}2(SOMe2)]NTf2 with DMSO. Our computational investigation unveiled that the bonding situation of this μ-allylium-1,1-diido digold domain was best described as a three-center-four-electron bond with a π-backbond. The valence orbitals showed extreme delocalization and strong π-interactions between the three centers Au1-C1-Au2. The bridging carbon atom C1 was best described as trigonal planar sp-hybridized carbon in this structure. Excitation succeeded in UV-vis-NIR measurements with energies as low as near-IR radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian F Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen H Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Graf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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26
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Wu Y, Tian B, Hu C, Sekine K, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Chemodivergent reaction of azomethine imines and 2H-azirines for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5505-5508. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free reactions of 2H-azirines with C,N-cyclic azomethine imines were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Bing Tian
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Chemistry Department
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27
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Shu C, Shi CY, Sun Q, Zhou B, Li TY, He Q, Lu X, Liu RS, Ye LW. Generation of Endocyclic Vinyl Carbene Complexes via Gold-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Terminal Diynes: Toward Naphthoquinones and Carbazolequinones. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shu
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chong-Yang Shi
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing Sun
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tian-You Li
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiao He
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Lu
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Yang S, Shi M. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed/Mediated Transformations of Vinylidenecyclopropanes. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1667-1680. [PMID: 29957927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vinylidenecyclopropanes (VDCPs), having an allene moiety connected to a highly strained cyclopropyl group, have attracted a substantial amount of attention since they are fascinating building blocks for organic synthesis. During recent years, the reactions of VDCPs in the presence of a Lewis acid or a Brønsted acid and those induced by heat or light have experienced significant advancements due to the unique structural and electronic properties of VDCPs. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of VDCPs were not intensely investigated until the last 5 years. Recently, significant progress has been made in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of VDCPs, and they have emerged as a new direction for the chemistry of strained small rings, especially when new types of functionalized vinylidenecyclopropanes (FVDCPs) are used as substrates. To date, many interesting transformations have been explored using these novel VDCPs under the catalysis of transition metals, such as gold, palladium, or rhodium, and various novel and useful heterocyclic or polycyclic compounds have been generated. These new findings have enriched the chemistry of strained small carbocycles. This Account will describe the transition-metal-catalyzed transformations of VDCPs recently developed in our laboratory and by other groups. The chemistry of Au-catalyzed VDCPs has been enriched and extensively developed by our group. In this respect, a new process for generating gold carbenes from VDCPs has been disclosed. The reactivity of these new gold carbenoid species was fully investigated, and many novel reaction modes based on these new gold carbenoid species were explored, including oxidation reactions, intramolecular cyclopropanations, C(sp3)-H bond functionalizations, and C-O bond cleavage reactions. Rh-catalyzed reactions of VDCPs are another key field of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of VDCPs. In particular, rhodium-catalyzed cycloadditions, Pauson-Khand reactions, and C-H bond activations of FVDCPs have been explored in detail by our group. A new trimethylenemethane rhodium (TMM-Rh) complex generated from VDCPs was discovered and utilized as an electrophilic Rh-π-allyl precursor. Moreover, some unprecedented highly regio- and enantioselective asymmetric allylic substitutions via this novel TMM-Rh complex were developed with different kinds of nucleophiles. This Account will also summarize the recent advances in palladium-, copper-, and iron-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of VDCPs reported by our group and others. These reactions always afford the desired products with excellent chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities, which will make them highly valuable for the synthesis of key scaffolds in natural products and pharmaceutical molecules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 MeiLong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 MeiLong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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