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Das B, Dahiya A, Patel BK. Isothiocyanates: happy-go-lucky reagents in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3772-3798. [PMID: 38656266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their unique structural features, isothiocyanates (ITCs) are a class of highly useful and inimitable reagents as the -NCS group serves both as electrophile and nucleophile in organic synthesis. ITCs share a rich legacy in organic, medicinal, and combinatorial chemistry. Compared to their oxygen equivalents, isocyanates, ITCs are easily available, less unpleasant, and somewhat less harmful to work with (mild conditions) which makes them happy-go-lucky reagents. Functionalized ITCs can finely tune the reactivity of the -NCS group and thus can be exploited in the late-stage functionalization processes. This review's primary aim is to outline ITC chemistry in the construction and derivatization of heterocycles through the lens of sustainability. For ease and brevity, the sections are divided based on reactive centers present in functionalized ITCs and modes of cyclisation. Scrutinizing their probable unexplored directions for future research studies is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubul Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Bagadhar Brahma Kishan College, Jalah, Assam 781327, India
| | - Anjali Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
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2
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Bagherinejad A, Alizadeh A. A review of the synthetic strategies toward spirobarbiturate-fused 3- to 7-membered rings. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7188-7215. [PMID: 36070341 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01326f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiro-connected hexahydropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione heterocyclic rings have received increasing attention from the viewpoint of biological activity and synthetic methods due to the importance of the rigid heterocyclic system and unique orientation of the functional substituents. Since 1900, numerous studies have exploited the synthesis of various spirobarbiturate-fused carbo- and heterocycles by applying different strategies. Due to the importance of barbiturate-based olefins as activated alkenes, these substrates have been utilized in many reactions. In addition, the nucleophilic addition of 1,3-disubstituted barbituric acid to different electrophiles has been applied to prepare highly functionalized spirobarbiturate scaffolds. This short review highlights various strategies for synthesizing spirobarbiturate-fused 3- to 7-membered carbo- and heterocyclic rings and some catalytic diastereoselective and enantioselective chemical reactions to access chiral compounds. The sections are divided by the incorporation of 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic or carbocyclic rings into a spirobarbiturate scaffold, and are presented in different subsections depending on the mechanistic details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Bagherinejad
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolali Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Annibaletto J, Martzel T, Levacher V, Oudeyer S, Brière J. Multicomponent Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoxazolidin‐5‐Ones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Martzel
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA 76000 Rouen France
| | - Vincent Levacher
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA 76000 Rouen France
| | - Sylvain Oudeyer
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA 76000 Rouen France
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4
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Yang Y, Wang X, Ye X, Wang B, Bao X, Wang H. Advances of α-activated cyclic isothiocyanate for the enantioselective construction of spirocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4610-4621. [PMID: 33949598 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and enantioselective synthesis of pharmaceutically important spirocycles has attracted the focus of organic and medicinal chemists. In this context, with the excellent reactivity of α-activated isothiocyanate as formal 1,3-dipoles in the (3 + 2) cyclization process, the cyclic isothiocyanates featuring important pharmacophores, such as oxindole, pyrazolone, and indanone moieties, have emerged as powerful precursors to access a variety of spirocycles with highly structural diversities. In addition, the facile transformations of these spirocycles have shown potential applications in drug design. This review will cover the recent advances of α-activated cyclic isothiocyanates in the enantioselective construction of spirocycles since 2015, and the applications of corresponding products in organic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xingyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 112024, China
| | - Xiaoze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Maestro A, del Corte X, López-Francés A, Martínez de Marigorta E, Palacios F, Vicario J. Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted α-Aminophosphonic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:3202. [PMID: 34071844 PMCID: PMC8199250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their structural similarity with natural α-amino acids, α-aminophosphonic acid derivatives are known biologically active molecules. In view of the relevance of tetrasubstituted carbons in nature and medicine and the strong dependence of the biological activity of chiral molecules into their absolute configuration, the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates bearing tetrasubstituted carbons in an asymmetric fashion has grown in interest in the past few decades. In the following lines, the existing literatures for the synthesis of optically active tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonates are summarized, comprising diastereoselective and enantioselective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Maestro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”-Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.M.); (X.d.C.); (A.L.-F.); (E.M.d.M.)
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xabier del Corte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”-Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.M.); (X.d.C.); (A.L.-F.); (E.M.d.M.)
| | - Adrián López-Francés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”-Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.M.); (X.d.C.); (A.L.-F.); (E.M.d.M.)
| | - Edorta Martínez de Marigorta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”-Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.M.); (X.d.C.); (A.L.-F.); (E.M.d.M.)
| | - Francisco Palacios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”-Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.M.); (X.d.C.); (A.L.-F.); (E.M.d.M.)
| | - Javier Vicario
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados “Lucio Lascaray”-Facultad de Farmacia, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.M.); (X.d.C.); (A.L.-F.); (E.M.d.M.)
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Laviós A, Sanz‐Marco A, Vila C, Blay G, Pedro JR. Asymmetric Organocatalytic Synthesis of
aza
‐Spirocyclic Compounds from Isothiocyanates and Isocyanides. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Laviós
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química Universitat de València C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz‐Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química Universitat de València C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química Universitat de València C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química Universitat de València C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química Universitat de València C/ Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot (València) Spain
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Liu X, Wang C, Wang X, Ma Z, Meng L, Ding D, Liu J, Chen Y. Synthesis of Spirobarbiturate Piperidin-2-one Derivatives via Cascade Aza-Michael/Michael Cyclization Reaction. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Gao X, Zhu D, Chen Y, Deng H, Jiang F, Wang W, Wu Y, Guo H. Palladium-Catalyzed [5 + 2] Annulation of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Barbiturate-Derived Alkenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7158-7163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Dongyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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9
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Abstract
Since the beginning of the 20th century, numerous research efforts made elegant use of barbituric acid derivatives as building blocks for the elaboration of more complex and useful molecules in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry and material sciences. However, the construction of chiral scaffolds by the catalytic enantioselective transformation of barbituric acid and derivatives has only emerged recently. The specific properties of these rather planar scaffolds, which also encompass either a high Brønsted acidity concerning the native barbituric acid or the marked electrophilic character of alkylidene barbituric acids, required specific developments to achieve efficient asymmetric processes. This review covers the enantioselective catalytic reactions developed for barbituric acid platforms using an organocatalytic and metal-based enantioselective sequences. These achievements currently allow several unique addition and annulation reactions towards the construction of high valued chiral heterocycles from barbituric acid derivatives along with innovative enantioselective developments.
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