1
|
Wang Y, Zeng Y, Xiao Y, Wang J, Li S. Rh(III)- or Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Annulation with Vinylene Carbonate and an Unexpected Aerobic Oxidation/Deprotection Cascade to Yield Cinnolin-4(1 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:14233-14241. [PMID: 39300744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H annulation reactions have been extensively utilized for the synthesis of cinnolines, especially the N-protected ones; however, none of them can yield cinnolin-4(1H)-ones, a significant class of bioactive skeletons. Herein, we disclose one-pot access to cinnolin-4(1H)-ones through Rh(III)- or Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of N-aryl cyclic hydrazides with vinylene carbonate, followed by an O2/K2CO3-promoted aerobic oxidation/deprotection cascade. The π-conjugation of the directing groups plays a crucial role in facilitating this transformation. Notably, seven-membered enolic Rh species IMC is characterized via electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy for the first time, which, along with systematic control experiments, provides compelling evidence for the mechanistic pathway encompassing alkenyl insertion, β-oxygen elimination, protonation, and dehydration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yiling Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu M, Zhao Y, Li X, Liu B. Asymmetric [5+1] Annulation via C-H Activation/1,4-Rh Migration/Double Bond Shift Using a Transformable Pyridazine Directing Group. Org Lett 2023; 25:1839-1844. [PMID: 36912462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocycle-assisted C-H activation/annulation reactions have provided new concepts for the construction and transformation of azacycles. In this work, we disclose a [5+1] annulation reaction using a novel transformable pyridazine directing group (DG). The DG-transformable reaction mode led to the construction of a new heterocyclic ring accompanied by transformation of the original pyridazine directing group via a C-H activation/1,4-Rh migration/double bond shift pathway, affording the skeleton of pyridazino[6,1-b]quinazolines with a good substrate scope under mild conditions. Diverse fused cyclic compounds can be achieved by derivatization of the product. The asymmetric synthesis of the skeleton was also realized to afford the enantiomeric products with good stereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuyao Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan C, Yuan C, Yu JT. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C–H Functionalization/Annulation of N‐Aryl Indazoles/Phthalazines with Sulfoxonium Ylides to access Tetracyclic Fused Cinnolines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changduo Pan
- Jiangsu University of Technology School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou 213164 Changzhou CHINA
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Jiangsu University of Technology School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering CHINA
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- Changzhou University School of Petrochemical Engineering CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang G, Yu JT, Pan C. Rhodium‐Catalyzed C–H Activation/Annulation of N‐Aryl‐Pyrazolidinones with Vinylene Carbonate. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao Huang
- Changzhou University School of Petrochemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- Changzhou University School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou 213000 Changzhou CHINA
| | - Changduo Pan
- Jiangsu University of Technology School of chemical and environmental engineering CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan C, Yuan C, Chen D, Chen Y, Yu JT. Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C–H Activation/Annulation of N‐methyl Arylhydrazines with Iodonium Ylides toward Ring‐fused Cinnolines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changduo Pan
- Jiangsu University of Technology SChoo of chemical and environmental engineering CHINA
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Jiangsu University of Technology School of chemical and environmetal engineering CHINA
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Jiangsu University of Technology School of chemical and envirionmetal enhineering CHINA
| | - Yuecheng Chen
- Jiangsu University of Technology School of chemcial and envionmental engineering CHINA
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- Changzhou University School of Petrochemical Engineering Changzhou 213000 Changzhou CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tamosiunaite N, Logie LC, Neale SE, Singh K, Davies DL, Macgregor SA. Experimental and Computational Studies on the Acetate-Assisted C-H Activation of N-Aryl Imidazolium Salts at Rhodium and Iridium: A Chloride Additive Changes the Selectivity of C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1445-1456. [PMID: 34967215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies of the reactions of unsymmetrical, para-substituted N-aryl imidazolium salts, L2-R1,R2, at [MCl2Cp*]2 (M = Rh, Ir) in the presence of NaOAc are reported. These proceed via intermediate N-heterocyclic carbene complexes that then allow an internal competition between two differently substituted aryl rings toward C-H activation to be monitored. At 348 K in dichloroethane C-H activation of the aryl with the more electron-withdrawing substituents is generally favored. DFT calculations show similar barriers for proton transfer and dissociative HOAc/Cl- ligand substitution, with proton transfer favoring electron-donating substituents, and ligand substitution favoring electron-withdrawing substituents. Microkinetic simulations reproduce the experimental preference implying that the ligand substitution step dominates selectivity. For several substrates, notably L2-F,OMe and L2-F,H, running the C-H activation reactions at 298 K in the presence of added [Et4N]Cl reverses the selectivity. The greater availability of chloride in solution makes an alternative dissociative interchange ligand substitution mechanism accessible, leaving proton transfer as selectivity determining and so favoring electron-donating substituents. Our results highlight the potential importance of the ligand substitution step in the interpretation of substituent effects and demonstrate how a simple additive, [Et4N]Cl, can have a dramatic effect on selectivity by changing the mechanism of ligand substitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren C Logie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Kuldip Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim S, Choi SB, Kang JY, An W, Lee SH, Oh H, Ghosh P, Mishra NK, Kim IS. Synthesis of Cinnolines via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of
N
‐Aryl Heterocycles with Vinylene Carbonate. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suho Kim
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Choi
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kang
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Won An
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hun Lee
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Oh
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | - Prithwish Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| | | | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 (Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jha N, Khot NP, Kapur M. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization of Arenes/Heteroarenes via Tandem C-H Activation and Subsequent Carbene Migratory Insertion Strategy. CHEM REC 2021; 21:4088-4122. [PMID: 34647679 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous developments in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation and subsequent carbene migratory insertion reactions, thus assisting in the construction of diverse arene/heteroarene scaffolds. Various transition-metal catalysts serve this purpose and provide efficient pathways for an easy access to substituted heterocycles. A brief introduction to metal-carbenes has been provided along with key mechanistic pathways underlying the coupling reactions. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise knowledge about diverse directing group-assisted coupling of varied arenes/heteroarenes and acceptor-acceptor/donor-acceptor diazo compounds. The review also highlights the synthesis of various carbocycles and fused heterocycles through diazo insertion pathways, via C-C, C-N and C-O bond forming reactions. The mechanism usually involves a C-H activation process, followed by diazo insertion leading to subsequent coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nandkishor Prakash Khot
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayakrishnan S, Tamizmani M, Balachandran C, Aoki S, Maheswari NU. Rh(iii)-Catalysed synthesis of cinnolinium and fluoranthenium salts using C-H activation/annulation reactions: organelle specific mitochondrial staining applications. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5413-5425. [PMID: 34047328 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00376c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a novel class of indazolo[2,1-a]cinnolin-7-ium and diazabenzofluoranthenium salts was developed by using Rh(iii)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation reactions with 2-phenyl-2H-indazole, and internal alkynes, which resulted in structurally important polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds (PHAs). This reaction uses mild reaction conditions and has a high efficiency, low catalyst loading, and wide substrate scope. The overall catalytic process involves C-H activation followed by C-C/C-N bond formation. Furthermore, the synthesised cinnolinium/fluoranthenium salts exhibit potential fluorescence properties and 5i was targeted in particular for specific mitochondrial staining in order to investigate cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakalai Mayakrishnan
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
| | - Masilamani Tamizmani
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Narayanan Uma Maheswari
- Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rh(III)-catalyzed annulation of azobenzenes and α-Cl ketones toward 3-acyl-2H-indazoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
11
|
Liu Z, Lou J, Xiao J. TBAI/K2S2O8-Promoted [4 + 2] Annulation of Ketene N,S-Acetals and N-Tosylhydrazones toward Pyridazines. Org Lett 2021; 23:1606-1610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, Wang P, Zhu L, Chen B. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed chemodivergent annulations between phenyloxazoles and diazos via C–H activation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
13
|
Fang X, Cao J, Ding W, Jin H, Yu X, Wang S. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of 2-Alkynylanilines with Nitrosoarenes: Synthesis of Organic Solid Mechanoluminescence Compounds of 4-Oxo-4 H-cinnolin-2-ium-1-ide. Org Lett 2021; 23:1228-1233. [PMID: 33522243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Cu(I)/DMAP/air system for the one-pot synthesis of 4-oxo-4H-cinnolin-2-ium-1-ides, which are often difficult to prepare by traditional routes from substituted 2-alkynylanilines and nitrosoarenes, was developed. These 4-oxo-4H-cinnolin-2-ium-1-ides have practical applications as mechanoluminescent materials. Preliminary mechanistic experiments were performed, and a plausible mechanism for this tandem process is proposed. The use of an inexpensive copper catalyst and molecular oxygen as the oxygen source and the oxidant make this an attractive green protocol with potential synthetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ji Cao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Ding
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Huile Jin
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar S, Nunewar S, Oluguttula S, Nanduri S, Kanchupalli V. Recent advances in Rh(iii)/Ir(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization/annulation via carbene migratory insertion. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1438-1458. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The review highlighted diverse annulations, including nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur heterocycles and carbocylizations via Rh(iii)/Ir(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization/annulation with various arene and carbene precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Process Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad 500 037
- India
| | - Saiprasad Nunewar
- Department of Process Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad 500 037
- India
| | - Srilekha Oluguttula
- Department of Process Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad 500 037
- India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Process Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad 500 037
- India
| | - Vinaykumar Kanchupalli
- Department of Process Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad 500 037
- India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Zhong T, Zheng X, Yin C, Zhang L, Zhou J, Jiang X, Yu C. Selective Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic [1,3]oxazino[3,4‐
a
]indolone and Dihydropyrimido [1,6‐a]indolone
via
Rh(III)‐catalyzed [3+3] or [4+2] C−H Annulation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshuo Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliu Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jayakumar J, Vedarethinam G, Hsiao H, Sun S, Chuang S. Cascade One‐Pot Synthesis of Orange‐Red‐Fluorescent Polycyclic Cinnolino[2,3‐
f
]phenanthridin‐9‐ium Salts by Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation of 2‐Azobiaryl Compounds and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:689-694. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huan‐Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Shang‐You Sun
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng Y, Han X, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu H. A removable directing group-assisted Rh(iii)-catalyzed direct C–H bond activation/annulation cascade to synthesize highly fused isoquinolines. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00786b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A removable directing group-assisted Rh(iii)-catalyzed direct C–H bond activation/annulation cascade was developed to synthesize highly fused isoquinolines with good to excellent yields and a good functional group tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Junyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Jayakumar J, Vedarethinam G, Hsiao H, Sun S, Chuang S. Cascade One‐Pot Synthesis of Orange‐Red‐Fluorescent Polycyclic Cinnolino[2,3‐
f
]phenanthridin‐9‐ium Salts by Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation of 2‐Azobiaryl Compounds and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huan‐Chang Hsiao
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Shang‐You Sun
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li T, Liu C, Wu S, Chen C, Zhu B. Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed unreactive C(sp 3)-H alkenylation of N-alkyl-1H-pyrazoles with alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7679-7683. [PMID: 31386754 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01531k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first example of pyrazole-directed rhodium(iii)-catalyzed unreactive C(sp3)-H alkenylation with alkynes has been described, which showed a relatively broad substrate scope with good functional group compatibility. Moreover, we demonstrated that the transitive coordinating center pyrazole could be easily removed under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Shaonan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alharis RA, McMullin CL, Davies DL, Singh K, Macgregor SA. The Importance of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control when Assessing Mechanisms of Carboxylate-Assisted C-H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8896-8906. [PMID: 31083891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of substituted 1-phenylpyrazoles (phpyz-H) at [MCl2Cp*]2 dimers (M = Rh, Ir; Cp* = C5Me5) in the presence of NaOAc to form cyclometalated Cp*M(phpyz)Cl were studied experimentally and with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. At room temperature, time-course and H/D exchange experiments indicate that product formation can be reversible or irreversible depending on the metal, the substituents, and the reaction conditions. Competition experiments with both para- and meta-substituted ligands show that the kinetic selectivity favors electron-donating substituents and correlates well with the Hammett parameter giving a negative slope consistent with a cationic transition state. However, surprisingly, the thermodynamic selectivity is completely opposite, with substrates with electron-withdrawing groups being favored. These trends are reproduced with DFT calculations that show C-H activation proceeds by an AMLA/CMD mechanism. H/D exchange experiments with the meta-substituted ligands show ortho-C-H activation to be surprising facile, although (with the exception of F substituents) this does not generally lead to ortho-cyclometalated products. Calculations suggest that this can be attributed to the difficulty of HOAc loss after the C-H activation step due to steric effects in the 16e intermediate that would be formed. Our study highlights that the use of substituent effects to assign the mechanism of C-H activation in either stoichiometric or catalytic reactions may be misleading, unless the energetics of the C-H cleavage step and any subsequent reactions are properly taken into account. The broader implications of our study for the assignment of C-H activation mechanisms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed A Alharis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , United Kingdom
| | - David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry , University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - Kuldip Singh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Borah G, Patel P. Ir(iii)-Catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization of azobenzene and diazotized Meldrum's acid for the synthesis of cinnolin-3(2H)-one. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2554-2563. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The first report on Ir(iii)-catalyzed C–H alkylation/cyclization of azobenzene with diazotized Meldrum's acid was developed for the synthesis of cinnoline-3(2H)-one-4-carboxylic acid and its ester derivative under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gongutri Borah
- Chemical Science and Technology Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India-785006
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Pitambar Patel
- Chemical Science and Technology Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India-785006
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mishra NK, Park J, Oh H, Han SH, Kim IS. Recent advances in N-heterocycles synthesis through catalytic C−H functionalization of azobenzenes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
24
|
Su L, Yu Z, Ren P, Luo Z, Hou W, Xu H. Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of indazolone-fused cinnolines via C-H coupling with diazo compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7236-7244. [PMID: 30255913 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A robust, efficient and scalable method for the synthesis of 12H-indazolo[2,1-a]cinnolin-12-ones was developed. Significantly, a less developed cationic complex [Ru(p-cymene)(MeCN)3(SbF6)2] was found to be effective for this transformation. In this reaction, a tandem pathway of C-H ruthenation, Ru(ii)-carbene formation, migratory insertion and condensation was involved. The results of a primary mechanistic study suggested that the C-H activation process might follow an electrophilic-type metalation/deprotonation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology (IDD & CB), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|