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Gabirondo E, Świderek K, Marin E, Maiz-Iginitz A, Larranaga A, Moliner V, Etxeberria A, Sardon H. A Single Amino Acid Able to Promote High-Temperature Ring-Opening Polymerization by Dual Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308956. [PMID: 38348541 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Amino acids are indispensable compounds in the body, performing several biological processes that enable proper functioning. In this work, it is demonstrated that a single amino acid, taurine, is also able to promote the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of several cyclic monomers under industrially relevant conditions. It is shown that the unique zwitterionic structure of taurine, where the negatively charged sulfonic acid group and the protonated amine group are separated by two methylene groups, not only provides high thermal stability but also leads to a dual activation mechanism, which is corroborated by quantum mechanical calculations. This unique mechanism allows for the synthesis of polylactide of up to 50 kDa in bulk at 180 °C with good end-group fidelity using a highly abundant catalyst. Furthermore, cytotoxicity tests confirm that PLLA synthesized with taurine is non-toxic. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the presence of taurine does not have any detrimental effect on the thermal stability of polylactide, and therefore polymers can be used directly without any post-polymerization purification. It is believed that the demonstration that a simple structure composed of a single amino acid can promote polymerization can bring a paradigm shift in the preparation of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT, Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal 3 Pasealekua, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12071, Spain
| | - Edurne Marin
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Maiz-Iginitz
- POLYMAT, Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal 3 Pasealekua, Donostia, 20018, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Larranaga
- Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12071, Spain
| | - Agustin Etxeberria
- POLYMAT, Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal 3 Pasealekua, Donostia, 20018, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal 3 Pasealekua, Donostia, 20018, Spain
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Xu J, Zhang P, Yuan Y, Hadjichristidis N. Elucidation of the Alternating Copolymerization Mechanism of Epoxides or Aziridines with Cyclic Anhydrides in the Presence of Halide Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218891. [PMID: 36734167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic halide salts in combination with metal or organic compound are the most common and essential catalysts in ring-opening copolymerizations (ROCOP). However, the role of organic halide salts was neglected. Here, we have uncovered the complex behavior of organic halides in ROCOP of epoxides or aziridine with cyclic anhydride. Coordination of the chain-ends to cations, electron-withdrawing effect, leaving ability of halide atoms, chain-end basicity/nucleophilicity, and terminal steric hindrance cause three types of side reactions: single-site transesterification, substitution, and elimination. Understanding the complex functions of organic halide salts in ROCOP led us to develop highly active and selective aminocyclopropenium chlorides as catalysts/initiators. Adjustable H-bonding interactions of aminocyclopropenium with propagating anions and epoxides create chain-end coordination process that generate highly reactive carboxylate and highly selective alkoxide chain-ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youyou Yuan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Kaiho S, Hmayed AAR, Delle Chiaie KR, Worch JC, Dove AP. Designing Thermally Stable Organocatalysts for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Synthesis: Toward a One-Pot, Closed-Loop Chemical Recycling System for PET. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Kaiho
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, U.K
- Chemicals Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 9-1, Oe-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya455-8502, Japan
| | - Ali Al Rida Hmayed
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, U.K
| | | | - Joshua C. Worch
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, BirminghamB15 2TT, U.K
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Li S, Lu H, Zhu L, Yan M, Kang X, Luo Y. Ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide catalyzed by food sweetener saccharin with organic base mediated: A computational study. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Xu J, Wang X, Liu J, Feng X, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Ionic H-bonding organocatalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and cyclic carbonates. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Basterretxea A, Gabirondo E, Jehanno C, Zhu H, Coulembier O, Mecerreyes D, Sardon H. Stereoretention in the Bulk ROP of l-Lactide Guided by a Thermally Stable Organocatalyst. Macromolecules 2021; 54:6214-6225. [PMID: 35693113 PMCID: PMC9171820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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Polylactide (PLA) has emerged as one of the most promising bio-based
alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, mainly because it can be
produced from the fermentation of naturally occurring sugars and because
it can be industrially compostable. In spite of these benefits, the
industrial ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide
(L-LA) still requires the use of highly active and thermally stable
metal-based catalysts, which have raised some environmental concerns.
While the excellent balance between activity and functional group
compatibility of organic acid catalysts makes them some of the most
suitable catalysts for the metal-free ROP of L-LA, the majority of
these acids are highly volatile and subject to decomposition at high
temperature, which limits their use under industrially relevant conditions.
In this work we exploit the use of a nonstoichiometric acid–base
organocatalyst to promote the solvent-free and metal-free ROP of L-LA
at elevated temperatures in the absence of epimerization and transesterification.
To do so, a stable acidic complex was prepared by mixing 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
(DMAP) with 2 equiv of methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Both experimental
and computational results indicate that DMAP:MSA (1:2) not only is
highly thermally stable but also promotes the retention of stereoregularity
during the polymerization of L-LA, leading to PLLA with a molar mass
of up to 40 kg mol–1 and a chiral purity in excess
of 98%. This result provides a new feature to exploit in organocatalyzed
polymerization and in the design of new catalysts to facilitate the
path to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andere Basterretxea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Coralie Jehanno
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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8
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Kaur K, Srivastava S. Artificial sugar saccharin and its derivatives: role as a catalyst. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36571-36608. [PMID: 35517977 PMCID: PMC9057081 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this review was to demonstrate the significance of artificial sugar saccharin and its derivatives as catalysts for a wide variety of organic transformations. The application of saccharin and its derivatives represents a greener and superior catalytic approach for reactions. In particular, we were interested in bringing together the literature pertaining to these saccharin derivatives from a catalysis perspective. The present review reports synthesis of saccharin and its derivatives such as saccharin-N-sulfonic acid, sodium saccharin, N-halo saccharin, saccharin lithium-bromide, N-formyl saccharin, N-acyl saccharin, N-nitrosaccharin, N-SCF3 saccharin, N-fluorosultam, N-phenylselenosaccharin, N-thiocyanatosaccharin palladium saccharin, DMAP-saccharin, and [Bmim]Sac. This catalytic application of saccharin and its derivatives includes reactions such as the Biginelli reaction, Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis, azo-coupling reaction, halogenations, domino Knoevenagel, Michael, deoximation reaction, catalytic condensation, functional group protection and oxidation etc. Also, these saccharin derivatives act as a source of CO, NH2, SCN, SCF3 and nitro groups. We reported all the available data on saccharin and its derivatives acting as a catalyst from 1957 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Delhi NILERD Campus, Sec A-7, Narela Delhi 110040 India
| | - Suman Srivastava
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Delhi NILERD Campus, Sec A-7, Narela Delhi 110040 India
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Zhang L, Zhou F, Li Z, Liu B, Yan R, Li J, Hu Y, Zhang C, Luo Z, Guo K. Tunable hydantoin and base binary organocatalysts in ring-opening polymerizations. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A (thio)hydantoin (HHyd) was deprotonated by a Brønsted base (B) to afford iminolate Hyd1 or Hyd3 that activated polymer chain-end (P), the conjugate acid (B–H+) activated monomer (M).
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Hewawasam RS, Kalana ULDI, Dharmaratne NU, Wright TJ, Bannin TJ, Kiesewetter ET, Kiesewetter MK. Bisurea and Bisthiourea H-Bonding Organocatalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization: Cues for the Catalyst Design. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rukshika S. Hewawasam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - U. L. D. Inush Kalana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | | | - Thomas J. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Timothy J. Bannin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Kiesewetter
- Department of Physical Sciences, Rhode Island College, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, United States
| | - Matthew K. Kiesewetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Basterretxea A, Jehanno C, Mecerreyes D, Sardon H. Dual Organocatalysts Based on Ionic Mixtures of Acids and Bases: A Step Toward High Temperature Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1055-1062. [PMID: 35619485 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis provides a powerful alternative in many polymerization reactions and nowadays has become a valuable tool for polymer chemists. The key reason for transitioning to organocatalysts is not only their ability to be effectively removed from resultant products, but also, their potential to exquisitely control the catalytic activity and selectivity of the polymerization processes. While organocatalysis has been largely implemented in research laboratories, its use in industrial bulk polymerization processes is still scarce. This is mostly due to the poor thermal stability of organocatalysts at temperatures (150-250 °C) usually employed for industrial polymerizations. In this Viewpoint, we highlight the recent advances of the use of acid-base ionic mixtures in high temperatures bulk polymerization reactions. First, we will focus on the synthesis, characterization, difunctional catalytic properties, and thermal stability of these acid-base mixtures. Afterward, we will emphasize the recent literature describing their use in chain growth and step-growth polymerizations. Moreover, the highlight will also draw attention to recent efforts in the use of these acid-base mixtures in polymer recycling by means of depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andere Basterretxea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Coralie Jehanno
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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