1
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Roy B, Avasare V, Sarkar D. Tribromide enabled step-up generation of spirolactams from esters employing oxidative dearomatization of arenols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9206-9209. [PMID: 39109467 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02527j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Synthetically challenging spirolactams were developed in good yields and regio-selectivity through a step-up oxidative dearomatization of easily accessible arenols tethered to esters in the presence of quaternary ammonium tribromide as an economic oxidant and amines. The reaction mechanism associated with this unprecedented dearomative lactamisation has been forecasted with a series of controlled experiments and DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Roy
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Vidya Avasare
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana 131029, India.
| | - Debayan Sarkar
- Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India.
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2
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Bankura A, Ghosh S, Biswas S, Das I. Convergent Paired Electrolysis for [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azidotrimethylsilane with N-Heterocycles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400381. [PMID: 38801175 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A widely used method to obtain tetrazoles is through the azide and nitrile [3+2] cycloaddition. However, this process often involves using non-recyclable transition metals or Lewis acid catalysts and stoichiometric amounts of oxidants and additives, which reduces atom efficiency. We have discovered a convergent paired electrochemical reaction to perform this cycloaddition reaction, without the need for metal catalysts or oxidants. This tetrazolation strategy uses azidotrimethylsilane (TMSN3) and N-heterocycles in an undivided cell at a constant current. We use a mixture of CH3CN and equivalent amounts of H2O as co-solvent at room temperature. It is crucial to produce a stoichiometric amount of active hydroxyl ions through the cathodic reduction of water. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies and control experiments confirm that the cycloaddition reaction is specific to the electrode electron transfer process, eliminating the need for a mediator to shuttle electrons. This metal- and oxidant-free strategy is highly compatible with different functional groups and produces products with moderate to good yields. We have successfully tetrazolated bioactive compounds at a late stage, scaled up batches efficiently, and synthesized free amino-containing N-heterocycles via denitrogenation of tetrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Bankura
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Subhadeep Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumit Biswas
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Indrajit Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Altundas B, Marrazzo JPR, Brinck T, Absil C, Fleming FF. Interrupted S NAr-Alkylation Dearomatization. JACS AU 2024; 4:1118-1124. [PMID: 38559710 PMCID: PMC10976598 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatizations provide powerful synthetic routes to rapidly assemble substituted carbocycles and heterocycles found in a plethora of bioactive molecules. Harnessing the advantages of dearomatization typically requires vigorous reagents because of the difficulty in disrupting the stable aromatic core. A relatively mild dearomatization strategy is described that employs lithiated nitriles or isocyanides in a simple SNAr-type addition to form σ-complexes that are trapped by alkylation. The dearomatizations are diastereoselective and efficient and rapidly install two new carbon-carbon bonds, one of which is a quaternary center, as well as nitrile, isocyanide, and cyclohexadiene functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Altundas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne, 505 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John-Paul R. Marrazzo
- Drexel
University, Department of Chemistry, 3041 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tore Brinck
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Teknikringen 42, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Christopher Absil
- Temple
University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Drexel
University, Department of Chemistry, 3041 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Liu C, Liu Y, Yang S, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Electrochemical Lactonization Enabled by Unusual Shono-Type Oxidation from Functionalized Benzoic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:1936-1940. [PMID: 38407049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel method for electrochemical lactonization via C(sp3)-H functionalization was developed. This metal- and oxidant-free strategy enabled the efficient synthesis of various lactones. Gram-scale reaction and derivatization of the lactone product demonstrated the synthetic utility of this methodology. Mechanistic studies using control experiments and CV curves elucidated the proposed intramolecular HAT and the oxidative cyclization pathway. An unusual Shono-type oxidation was realized through this electrochemical approach, proceeding without a traditional nucleophilic addition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yunge Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shurui Yang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zheng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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5
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Bag R, Mishra NP, Saha D, Banerjee P. Electrochemical Oxidative Dearomatization Strategy for Accessing Spiro[4.5]dienones and Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2200-2211. [PMID: 38329058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical dearomatization has been recognized as an attractive tool for the rapid construction of structurally diverse molecules. The designed methodology encompasses an eco-friendly and efficient electrochemical approach to synthesizing spiro[4.5]dienones under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, detailed mechanistic studies strongly bolster our hypothesis and emphasize the role of HFIP in the mechanism. The protocol is scalable and showcases a broad substrate scope with tolerance toward numerous functional groups. Henceforth, this strategy can be deployed as an alternative and sustainable tool for accessing spiro[4.5]dienones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bag
- Lab No. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Nilima Priyadarsini Mishra
- Lab No. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Debarshi Saha
- Lab No. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Lab No. 406, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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6
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Ma Y. Ambimodal Addition-Coupled Electron Transfer Mechanism in a Pb(IV)-Promoted Oxidative Dearomatization Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:224-232. [PMID: 38100374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the Pb(IV)-promoted phenol oxidative dearomatization reaction has been traditionally attributed to a carbocation mechanism. In 2011, Pettus reported an oxidative dearomatization reaction leading to a mixture of a formal [5 + 2] and a C-O bond formation product. By employing density functional theory and quasi-molecular dynamics calculations, it was demonstrated that the reaction does not occur through a carbocation intermediate but instead proceeds through an addition-coupled electron transfer (ACET) mechanism. Moreover, the ACET exhibits ambimodality, wherein a transition state results in 4-6 distinct outcomes through post-TS bifurcation. The reported selectivity can be effectively rationalized by a newly proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institute, Haidian, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhang P, Ma J, Liu X, Xue F, Zhang Y, Wang B, Jin W, Xia Y, Liu C. Electrochemical Synthesis of α-Thiocyanated/Methoxylated Ketones Using Enol Acetates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16122-16131. [PMID: 37963225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the synthesis of α-substituted ketone compounds with enol acetates in an electrochemical way. By using cheap NH4SCN and MeOH as the radical sources, a series of valuable α-thiocyanates/methoxy ketones were synthesized under mild electrolysis conditions in acceptable yields with diverse functional group compatibility. Additionally, the scale-up experiment and synthetic transformations reveal potential applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
- College of Future Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, P. R. China
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8
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Liu TX, Wang X, Xia S, Chen M, Li M, Yang P, Ma N, Hu Z, Yang S, Zhang G, Wang GW. Dearomative Ring-Fused Azafulleroids and Carbazole-Derived Metallofullerenes: Reactivity Dictated by Encapsulation in a Fullerene Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313074. [PMID: 37789646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report divergent additions of 2,2'-diazidobiphenyls to C60 and Sc3 N@Ih -C80 . In stark contrast to that of the previously reported bis-azide additions, the unexpected cascade reaction leads to the dearomative formation of azafulleroids 2 fused with a 7-6-5-membered ring system in the case of C60 . In contrast, the corresponding reaction with Sc3 N@Ih -C80 switches to the C-H insertion pathway, thereby resulting in multiple isomers, including a carbazole-derived [6,6]-azametallofulleroid 3 and a [5,6]-azametallofulleroid 4 and an unusual 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-c]carbazole-derived metallofullerene 5, whose molecular structures have been unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Among them, the addition type of 5 is observed for the first time in all reported additions of azides to fullerenes. Furthermore, unexpected isomerizations from 3 to 5 and from 4 to 5 have been discovered, providing the first examples of the isomerization of an azafulleroid to a carbazole-derived fullerene rather than an aziridinofullerene. In particular, the isomerism of the [5,6]-isomer 4 to the [5,6]-isomer 5 is unprecedented in fullerene chemistry, contradicting the present understanding that isomerization generally occurs between [5,6]- and [6,6]-isomers. Control experiments have been carried out to rationalize the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, representative azafulleroids have been applied in organic solar cells, thereby resulting in improved power conversion efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shilu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Panting Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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9
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Lu L, Huang H, Yang S, Bai J, Zhou Y, Xiao Q. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Dearomatization Annulation Cascade Reaction of Furans for Stereoselective Access to 2,5-Dihydrofurans. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14435-14444. [PMID: 37768003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed intermolecular dearomatization of furans with alkynes via a three-component formal [3 + 2] spiroannulation/allylic substitution cascade reaction has been successfully developed for the stereoselective assembly of spiro 2,5-dihydrofuran frameworks. High step economy and efficacy as well as excellent stereoselectivity were achieved for a broad substrate scope. Two new C-C bonds and one new C-O bond were generated sequentially in a one-pot manipulation. The yielded spiro 2,5-dihydrofuran skeleton bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon center constitutes the core structure for plenty of useful natural products or corresponding analogues. This work represents a significant advancement in the dearomatization strategy for furan heterocycles and provides a practical methodology for expedited access to complex spiro dihydrofuran scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
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10
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Xu X, Zhong L, Feng H, Van der Eycken EV. Application of Metal-Free Dearomatization Reaction as a Sustainable Strategy to Direct Access Complex Cyclic Compounds. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300101. [PMID: 37132130 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The highly efficient construction of complicated heterocyclic frameworks in an atom- and step-economic manner is still one of the cores of synthetic chemistry. Dearomatization reactions show the unique advantage for the construction of functionalized heterocycles and have attracted widespread attention over the past two decades. The metal-free approach has proved to be a green and sustainable paradigm for the synthesis of spirocyclic, polycyclic and heterocyclic scaffolds, which are widely present in natural products and bioactive molecules. In this review, the advances in the recent six years (2017-2023) in metal-free dearomatization reactions are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on developments in the field of organo-catalyzed dearomatization reactions, oxidative dearomatization reactions, Brønsted acid- or base-promoted dearomatization reactions, photoredox-catalyzed dearomatization reactions, and electrochemical oxidation dearomatization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Ling Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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11
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Abstract
We disclose herein electro-oxidative synthesis as the general protocol for procuring phenazines under mild reaction conditions. Using aerial oxygen as an oxidant, inexpensive electrolyte, and electrodes, a diverse range of phenazines have been accessed in good yields via the ring contraction of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepines. In addition, the syntheses of phenazines and diamino phenazines via direct electro-oxidation of dihydrophenazines and electro-dimerization of o-phenylenediamines, respectively, have also been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
| | - Namrata Kotwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
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12
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Ikeda K, Kojima R, Kawai K, Murakami T, Kikuchi T, Kojima M, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Formation of Isolable Dearomatized [4 + 2] Cycloadducts from Benzenes, Naphthalenes, and N-Heterocycles Using 1,2-Dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diones as Arenophiles under Visible Light Irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9326-9333. [PMID: 37055373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
We report that the dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition between 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diones (TETRADs) and benzenes, naphthalenes, or N-heteroaromatic compounds under visible light irradiation affords the corresponding isolable cycloadducts. Several synthetic transformations including transition-metal-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions using the isolated cycloadducts at room temperature or above were demonstrated. Computational studies revealed that the retro-cycloaddition of the benzene-TETRAD adduct proceeds via an asynchronous concerted mechanism, while that of the benzene-MTAD adduct (MTAD = 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione) proceeds via a synchronous mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Riku Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayasu Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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13
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Wan J, Huang J. Electrochemical Dearomative Amination of Phenol Derivatives: Access to Spirooxazolidinones. Adv Synth Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Lin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 People's Republic of China
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14
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Bag D, Kour H, Saha N, Kamal, Holla H, Bharatam PV, Sawant SD. Iodocycloisomerization/Nucleophile Addition Cascade Transformations of 1,2-Alkynediones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2377-2384. [PMID: 36730785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A general electrophilic iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade transformation for 1,2-alkynediones for the synthesis of various oxygen heterocycles and access to regioselective alkyne hydroxylation is reported. Furan-tethered ynediones resulted in the construction of exo-enol ethers via carbonyl-alkyne cyclization-initiated heteroarene dearomatization, whereas other (hetero)arene-, alkenyl-, and alkyl-tethered ynediones resulted in the formation of highly functionalized 3(2H)-furanones. Importantly, the developed domino protocols involve the construction of important heterocyclic scaffolds and installation of two functional groups in a single operation. Moreover, the use of water as a nucleophile resulted in regioselective alkyne hydroxylation via furanone ring opening. The developed protocols are characterized by a wide substrate scope, and their utility has been demonstrated by a number of postsynthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nirjhar Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu 181221, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Harish Holla
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Karnataka, Aland Road, Kalaburagi 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Chen J, Zhang R, Ma C, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xue F, Jin W, Xia Y, Liu C. Sustainable electrochemical dearomatization for the synthesis of diverse 2, 3-functionalized indolines. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Shi Z, Wang WZ, Li N, Yuan Y, Ye KY. Electrochemical Dearomative Spirocyclization of N-Acyl Thiophene-2-sulfonamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6321-6325. [PMID: 35993566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Friedel-Crafts type alkylation of C2-tethered thiophenes has been reported to be nonregioselective. Taking advantage of the highly regioselective 5-exo-trig spirocyclization of an electrochemically generated amidyl radical, we have unraveled an electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization of N-acyl thiophene-2-sulfonamides. Various nucleophilic agents, including carboxylates, alcohols, and fluoride, are readily incorporated to afford the remotely functionalized spirocyclic dihydrothiophenes, and their novel spirocyclic scaffolds have been shown to exhibit promising antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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17
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Wang A, Liu X, Gao W, Ma L, Liu S, Zhang G, Zhou M, Jia X, Chen J. Cathode enabled high faradaic efficiency: reduction of imines to amines with H 2O as a H-source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9906-9909. [PMID: 35975808 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Benefiting from a high overpotential of the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction with a carbon paper cathode, the desired electrochemical reduction of imines was achieved with high faradaic efficiency by using H2O as a H-source. With this sustainable atom-economic strategy, a series of potentially versatile amines were obtained in medium-to-high yields (49-86%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China.
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18
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Shi Z, Li Y, Li N, Wang WZ, Lu HK, Yan H, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Ye KY. Electrochemical Migratory Cyclization of N-Acylsulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206058. [PMID: 35606293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxathiazine dioxide, as a bioisostere of the clinically widely used diazoxide, exhibits interesting biological activity. However, limited success has been achieved in terms of its concise and direct synthesis. We report herein a facile electrochemical migratory cyclization of N-acylsulfonamides to access a diverse array of benzoxathiazine dioxides. The inclusion of electrochemistry is crucial for realizing such a novel transformation, which is substantiated both by the experiments and density-functional-theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hao-Kuan Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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19
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Shi Z, Li Y, Li N, Wang W, Lu H, Yan H, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Ye K. Electrochemical Migratory Cyclization of
N
‐Acylsulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Wei‐Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Hao‐Kuan Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Hong Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ke‐Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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20
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Catalyst-free electrochemical dearomatization of pyridine derivatives. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Lan J, Li S, Lin K, Zhou P, Chen W, Gao L, Zhu T. The eco-friendly electrosynthesis of trifluoromethylated spirocyclic indolines and their anticancer activity. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3475-3479. [PMID: 35388872 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A method for the electrochemical diastereoselective oxytrifluoromethylation of indoles was developed for the eco-friendly synthesis of CF3-containing spirocyclic indolines. The cascade reaction comprised anodic oxidation to obtain CF3 radicals, the addition of radicals to indoles, and intramolecular spirocyclization. The reaction system without external chemical oxidants could easily be scaled up. Antiproliferation assays of these CF3-substituted spirocyclic indolines exhibited their promising activities and selectivities toward several types of cancer cells, including Huh-7, A549, and cisplatin-resistant cancer cells (A549/DDP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Lan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Shaoyun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Kejun Lin
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Weili Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Tingshun Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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22
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Liu S, Lu Y, Sun S, Wang H, Gao W, Wang Y, Jia X, Chen J. Electrode material promoted dehydrogenative homo-/cross-coupling of weakly activated naphthalenes. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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23
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Zhen G, Jiang K, Yin B. Progress in Organocatalytic Dearomatization Reactions Catalyzed by Heterocyclic Carbenes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Zhen
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Jiang
- South China University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Biaolin Yin
- South China University of Technology Dept. of Chenistry and chemical engineering Wushan Street 510640 Guangzhou CHINA
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24
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Ding D, Xu L, Wei Y. The Synthesis of α-Keto Acetals from Terminal Alkynes and Alcohols via Synergistic Interaction of Organoselenium Catalysis and Electrochemical Oxidation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4912-4917. [PMID: 35179035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an unprecedented electrochemical approach for the synthesis of α-keto acetals has been established from readily available terminal alkynes and alcohols. By merging the electrochemical and organoselenium-catalyzed processes, the desired products are obtained at room temperature in the absence of basic or metallic additives, with carbonyl and acetal motifs incorporated simultaneously across the triple bonds in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xin-jiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xin-jiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xin-jiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832001, People's Republic of China
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25
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Xu L, Ma Z, Hu X, Zhang X, Gao S, Liang D, Wang B, Li W, Li Y. Electroreductive synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyridin-2-ones from acetoacetanilides and carbon disulfide with oxygen evolution. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1013-1018. [PMID: 35043137 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A chemical reductant or a sacrificial electron donor is required in any reduction reactions, generally resulting in undesired chemical waste. Herein, we report a reductant-free reductive [3 + 2 + 1] annulation of β-keto amides with CS2 enabled by the synergy of electro/copper/base using water as an innocuous anodic sacrifice with O2 as a sustainable by-product. This electrochemical protocol is mild and provides access to polyfunctionalized pyridin-2-ones from simple starting materials in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Zhongxiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Xi Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Shulin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Deqiang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Baoling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Weili Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
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26
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. S. Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
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27
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Zhang M, Shi Y, zhang J. A Convergent Paired Electrolysis Strategy Enables Cross-Coupling of Methylarenes with Imines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we have developed a metal-free convergent paired electrolysis strategy for α-benzyl amine synthesis from readily available imines and methylarenes, taking advantage of both anodic oxidation and cathodic...
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28
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Li N, Shi Z, Yuan Y, Li Z, Ye KY. Rapid synthesis of spirodienones via electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization in flow. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01392d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization in flow has been developed, featuring the use of electrons as the clean oxidant in a minimum amount of electrolytes to afford diverse spirodienones in a short reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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29
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Zhaojiang S, Lu HK, Li N, Yuan Y, Li Z, Ye KY. Electrochemical oxidative dearomatization of 2-arylthiophenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00312k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a green and sustainable electrochemical oxidative dearomatization of 2-arylthiophenes. The variation of substitution patterns affords easy access toward both the C2/C3 and C2/C5 difunctionalized dearomative products. The...
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30
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Wang W, Zhang M, Yang W, Yang X. Research Progress in Radical Cascade Reaction Using Nitrogen Heterocycle in Indoles as Radical Acceptors. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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32
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Kumar R, Singh FV, Takenaga N, Dohi T. Asymmetric Direct/Stepwise Dearomatization Reactions Involving Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101115. [PMID: 34817125 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable growth in hypervalent iodine-mediated oxidative transformations as stoichiometric reagents as well as catalysts has been well-documented due to their excellent properties, such as mildness, easy handling, high selectivity, environmentally friendly nature, and high stability. This review aims at highlighting the asymmetric oxidative dearomatization reactions involving hypervalent iodine compounds. The present article summarizes asymmetric intra- and intermolecular dearomatization reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine reagents/catalysts as well as hypervalent iodine-mediated dearomatization reactions followed by desymmetrization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA Faridabad, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, Haryana, 121006, India
| | - Fateh V Singh
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology - Chennai, Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naoko Takenaga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-0058, Japan
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33
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Wu Y, Xu S, Wang H, Shao D, Qi Q, Lu Y, Ma L, Zhou J, Hu W, Gao W, Chen J. Directing Group Enables Electrochemical Selectively Meta-Bromination of Pyridines under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16144-16150. [PMID: 34128672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Without the use of catalysts and oxidants, a facile and sustainable electrochemical bromination protocol was developed. By introducing the directing groups, the regioselectivity of pyridine derivatives could be controlled at the meta-position utilizing the inexpensive and safe bromine salts at room temperature. A variety of brominated pyridine derivatives were obtained in 28-95% yields, and the reaction could be readily performed at a gram scale. By combining the installation and removing the directing group, the concept of meta-bromination of pyridines could be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanghui Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.,Archives of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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34
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Abstract
An electrochemical approach for the site-selective C-H cyanation of indoles employing readily available TMSCN as cyano source has been developed. The electrosynthesis relies on the tris(4-bromophenyl)amine as a redox catalyst, which achieves better yield and regioselectivity. A variety of C2- and C3-cyanated indoles were obtained in satisfactory yields. The reactions are conducted in a simple undivided cell at room temperature and obviate the need for transition-metal reagent and chemical oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiqiang Li
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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35
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Zheng QM, Liu JL, Qin L, Hu Q, Zheng Y, Yang X, Zhang MD. Hydrogen evolution reaction of one 2D cobalt coordination polymer with coordinated sulfate ion. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Zheng C, You SL. Advances in Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:432-444. [PMID: 33791426 PMCID: PMC8006174 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis has been recognized as the most enabling strategy for accessing chiral molecules in enantioenriched forms. Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization is an emerging and dynamic research subject in asymmetric catalysis, which has received considerable attention in recent years. The direct transformations from readily available aromatic feedstocks to structurally diverse three-dimensional polycyclic molecules make catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions of broad interest for both organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, the inherent difficulty for the disruption of aromaticity demands a large energy input during the dearomatization process, which might be incompatible with the conditions generally required by asymmetric catalysis. In this Outlook, we will discuss representative strategies and examples of catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions of various aromatic compounds and try to convince readers that by overcoming the above obstacles, catalytic asymmetric dearomatization reactions could advance chemical sciences in many respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Wang Y, Liu J, Qiu G, Yang Y, Zhou H. Metal-Free Selenizative spiro-Tricyclization of N-Hydroxylethyl- N-arylpropiolamides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Yu K, Kong X, Yang J, Li G, Xu B, Chen Q. Electrochemical Oxidative Halogenation of N-Aryl Alkynamides for the Synthesis of Spiro[4.5]trienones. J Org Chem 2020; 86:917-928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xianqiang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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39
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Qin J, Luo M, An D, Li J. Electrochemical 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Direct Dual C–H Functionalizations of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Mu‐Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De‐Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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40
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Qin J, Luo M, An D, Li J. Electrochemical 1,2‐Diarylation of Alkenes Enabled by Direct Dual C–H Functionalizations of Electron‐Rich Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1861-1868. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Mu‐Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De‐Lie An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Jin‐Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education) Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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41
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Lielpetere A, Jirgensons A. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation with Carbenium Ions Generated by Electrochemical Oxidation of Stannylmethyl Ethers. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lielpetere
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis; Aizkraukles Street 21 L V-1006 Riga Latvia
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis; Aizkraukles Street 21 L V-1006 Riga Latvia
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42
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Urbano A, Vallejo S, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Yonte E. Chirality Transfer from the Oxidative Dearomatization of Axially Chiral Binols with Oxone under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2020; 22:6122-6126. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Urbano
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Vallejo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Cabrera-Afonso
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Yonte
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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43
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Huck CJ, Sarlah D. Shaping Molecular Landscapes: Recent Advances, Opportunities, and Challenges in Dearomatization. Chem 2020; 6:1589-1603. [PMID: 32715154 PMCID: PMC7380651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dearomatization is a fundamental chemical transformation, and it underlies some of the most efficient tactics for generating three-dimensional complexity from basic two-dimensional precursors. The dearomative toolbox, once restricted to only a handful of reactions, has begun to grow more sophisticated as novel methods are added, introducing more functionality under milder conditions and with more control over chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity than ever before. Over the past two decades, major developments in dearomative processes have bolstered significant total-synthesis endeavors and greatly expanded the scope and complexity of chemical building blocks accessible from feedstock arenes. In this Perspective, we highlight some of the recent advances and key challenges that remain in this vibrant area of organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Huck
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Universita di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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44
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Lv S, Han X, Wang JY, Zhou M, Wu Y, Ma L, Niu L, Gao W, Zhou J, Hu W, Cui Y, Chen J. Tunable Electrochemical C-N versus N-N Bond Formation of Nitrogen-Centered Radicals Enabled by Dehydrogenative Dearomatization: Biological Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11583-11590. [PMID: 32203637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an environmentally friendly electrochemical approach is reported that takes advantage of the captodative effect and delocalization effect to generate nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs). By changing the reaction parameters of the electrode material and feedstock solubility, dearomatization enabled a selective dehydrogenative C-N versus N-N bond formation reaction. Hence, pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and tetraarylhydrazine frameworks were prepared through a sustainable transition-metal- and exogenous oxidant-free strategy with broad generality. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles displayed antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. Compound 21 exhibited good photochemical properties with a large Stokes shift (approximately 130 nm) and was successfully applied to subcellular imaging. A preliminary mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the possible reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shide Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China
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45
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Vincent G, Abou-Hamdan H, Kouklovsky C. Dearomatization Reactions of Indoles to Access 3D Indoline Structures. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This Account summarizes our involvement in the development of dearomatization reactions of indoles that has for origin a total synthesis problematic. We present the effort from our group to obtain 3D-indolines scaffold from the umpolung of N-acyl indoles via activation with FeCl3 to the oxidative spirocyclizations of N-EWG indoles and via the use of electrochemistry.1 Introduction2 Activation of N-Acyl Indoles with FeCl3
2.1 Hydroarylation of N-Acyl Indoles2.2 Difunctionalization of N-Acyl Indoles3 Radical-Mediated Dearomatization of Indoles for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indolines4 Electrochemical Dearomatization of Indoles4.1 Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles4.2 Indirect Electrochemical Oxidation of Indoles5 Conclusion
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46
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Lv S, Han X, Wang J, Zhou M, Wu Y, Ma L, Niu L, Gao W, Zhou J, Hu W, Cui Y, Chen J. Tunable Electrochemical C−N versus N−N Bond Formation of Nitrogen‐Centered Radicals Enabled by Dehydrogenative Dearomatization: Biological Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shide Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Yong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
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47
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Zhang P, Li B, Niu L, Wang L, Zhang G, Jia X, Zhang G, Liu S, Ma L, Gao W, Qin D, Chen J. Scalable Electrochemical Transition‐Metal‐Free Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Amination Enabled Alkaloid Clausines Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 People's Republic of China
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48
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Wu J, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Electrochemical Dearomative Dihydroxylation and Hydroxycyclization of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay France
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay France
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49
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Chen X, Zhang X, Lu S, Sun P. Electrosynthesis of polycyclic quinazolinones and rutaecarpine from isatoic anhydrides and cyclic amines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44382-44386. [PMID: 35517151 PMCID: PMC9058480 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct decarboxylative cyclization between readily available isatoic anhydrides and cyclic amines was established to construct polycyclic fused quinazolinones employing electrochemical methods. This procedure was performed in an undivided cell without the use of a transition-metal-catalyst and external oxidant. A broad scope of polycyclic fused quinazolinones were obtained in moderate to good yields. Additionally, rutaecarpine was also prepared through our method in one step in good yield. Polycyclic quinazolinones and rutaecarpine were synthesized from isatoic anhydrides and cyclic amines through an electrochemical method without an external oxidant and transition-metal-catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica
- Artermisinin Research Center
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica
- Artermisinin Research Center
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Sixian Lu
- Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica
- Artermisinin Research Center
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Institute of Chinese Meteria Medica
- Artermisinin Research Center
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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50
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Lu FY, Chen YJ, Chen Y, Ding X, Guan Z, He YH. Highly enantioselective electrosynthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:623-626. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric electrosynthesis is developed by combining anodic oxidation and proline-catalysis to realize enantioselective synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones from 2-arylindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fo-Yun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yu-Jue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Xuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
| |
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