1
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Zhi S, Ma X, Zhang W. Radical Cyclization-Initiated Difunctionalization Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes. Molecules 2024; 29:2559. [PMID: 38893437 PMCID: PMC11173560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical reactions are powerful in the synthesis of diverse molecular scaffolds bearing functional groups. In previous review articles, we have presented 1,2-difunctionalizations, remote 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-difunctionalizations, and addition followed by cyclization reactions. Presented in this paper is radical cyclization followed by the second functionalization reaction. The second functionalization could be realized by atom transfer reactions, radical or transition metal-assisted coupling reactions, and reactions with neutral molecules, cationic and anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjun Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian 223300, China;
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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2
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Ganesh BH, Raj AG, Aruchamy B, Nanjan P, Drago C, Ramani P. Pyrrole: A Decisive Scaffold for the Development of Therapeutic Agents and Structure-Activity Relationship. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300447. [PMID: 37926686 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
An overview of pyrroles as distinct scaffolds with therapeutic potential and the significance of pyrrole derivatives for drug development are provided in this article. It lists instances of naturally occurring pyrrole-containing compounds and describes the sources of pyrroles in nature, including plants and microbes. It also explains the many conventional and modern synthetic methods used to produce pyrroles. The key topics are the biological characteristics, pharmacological behavior, and functional alterations displayed by pyrrole derivatives. It also details how pyrroles are used to treat infectious diseases. It describes infectious disorders resistant to standard treatments and discusses the function of compounds containing pyrroles in combating infectious diseases. Furthermore, the review covers the uses of pyrrole derivatives in treating non-infectious diseases and resistance mechanisms in non-infectious illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The important discoveries and probable avenues for pyrrole research are finally summarized, along with their significance for medicinal chemists and drug development. A reference from the last two decades is included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Hassan Ganesh
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Anirudh G Raj
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Pandurangan Nanjan
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
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3
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Fatahala SS, Mohamed MS, Sabry JY, Mansour YEED. Synthesis Strategies and Medicinal Value of Pyrrole and its Fused Heterocyclic Compounds. Med Chem 2022; 18:1013-1043. [PMID: 35339189 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220325141952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, interest in pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives increases owing to their biological importance, such as anti-tumor, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-histaminic, anti-malarial, anti-Parkinson, antioxidant and anti-viral, specially recently against COVID-19. These tremendous biological features motivated scientists to discover more pyrrole and fused pyrrole derivatives, owing to the great importance of the pyrrole nucleus as a pharmacophore in many drugs, and motivated us to present this article, highlighting on the different synthetic pathways of pyrrole and its fused compounds specially pyrrolopyrimidine, as well as their medicinal value from 2017 till 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Said Fatahala
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad Sayed Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jaqueline Youssef Sabry
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yara Esam El-Deen Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Chaibuth P, Chuaytanee N, Hojitsiriyanont J, Chainok K, Wacharasindhu S, Reiser O, Sukwattanasinitt M. Copper( ii) complexes of quinoline-based ligands for efficient photoredox catalysis of atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu(ii)·1Q is efficient in ATRA reactions with perhaloalkanes, revealing the role of common additives (AIBN or inorganic base).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawittra Chaibuth
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nontakarn Chuaytanee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jutawat Hojitsiriyanont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Materials and Textiles Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Sun R, Yang X, Ge Y, Song J, Zheng X, Yuan M, Li R, Chen H, Fu H. Visible-Light-Induced Oxazoline Formations from N-Vinyl Amides Catalyzed by an Ion-Pair Charge-Transfer Complex. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yicen Ge
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, No.1 3rd Road, Erxian Bridge East, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, P. R. China
| | - Jintong Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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6
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Hu W, Zhan Q, Zhou H, Cao S, Jiang Z. Radical-based functionalization-oriented construction: rapid assembly of azaarene-substituted highly functionalized pyrroles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6543-6550. [PMID: 34040730 PMCID: PMC8132952 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Totally different functionalization and construction as two fundamental synthetic protocols have long been applied to furnish azaarene variants. Here, a novel radical-based functionalization-oriented construction strategy by exploiting the electronic properties of azaarenes and the high reactivity of radicals is developed. Under a photoredox catalysis platform, the robust ability of such an artful combination of functionalization with construction is disclosed in the synthesis of valuable 3-azaarene-substituted densely functionalized pyrroles. In addition to the ability to use the readily accessible feedstocks, the high synthetic efficiency and the good functional group tolerance, the substrate scope is broad (81 examples) resulting from the capability to flexibly replace the types of azaarenes and other substituents. Control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the plausible mechanism involving the reaction pathways and the important role of NaH2PO4 as an additive in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigao Hu
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang P. R. China 314001
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang P. R. China 314001
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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7
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Philkhana SC, Badmus FO, Dos Reis IC, Kartika R. Recent Advancements in Pyrrole Synthesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021; 53:1531-1555. [PMID: 34366491 PMCID: PMC8340853 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review article features selected examples on the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles that were reported between 2014 and 2019. Pyrrole is an important nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that can be found in numerous compounds of biological and material significance. Given its vast importance, pyrrole continues to be an attractive target for the development of new synthetic reactions. The contents of this article are organized by the starting materials, which can be broadly classified into four different types: substrates bearing π-systems, substrates bearing carbonyl and other polar groups, and substrates bearing heterocyclic motifs. Brief discussions on plausible reaction mechanisms for most transformations are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Chandra Philkhana
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fatimat O Badmus
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Isaac C Dos Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Rendy Kartika
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Roslan II, Zhang H, Ng K, Jaenicke S, Chuah G. A Visible Light and Iron‐mediated Carbocationic Route to Polysubstituted 1‐Halonaphthalenes by Benzannulation using Allylbenzenes and Polyhalomethanes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irwan Iskandar Roslan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Fax
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Fax
| | - Kian‐Hong Ng
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Fax
| | - Stephan Jaenicke
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Fax
| | - Gaik‐Khuan Chuah
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Fax
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9
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Dawra N, Ram RN, Thakur SK. Synthesis of Chlorinated, Heteroatom‐Rich and Differently Fused Tricyclic β‐Lactams by Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Halogen Atom Transfer Radical Cyclization. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Dawra
- Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women Sector 36-A Chandigarh PG Department of Chemistry Chandigarh 160036 India
| | - Ram N. Ram
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sujeet K. Thakur
- TERI School of Advanced Studies Plot No. 10 Vasant Kunj Institutional Area New Delhi 110070 Delhi India
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10
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Šimek M, Bártová K, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jahn U. Tandemreaktionen aus anionischer Oxy‐Cope‐Umlagerung und Oxygenierung als vielseitiger Zugang zu verschiedenartigen Gerüsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šimek
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieNaturwissenschaftliche FakultätKarls-Universität Prag Hlavova 2030/8 12843 Prag 2 Czech republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
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11
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Šimek M, Bártová K, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jahn U. Tandem Anionic oxy-Cope Rearrangement/Oxygenation Reactions as a Versatile Method for Approaching Diverse Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6160-6165. [PMID: 31994304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tandem anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement/radical oxygenation reactions provide δ,ϵ-unsaturated α-(aminoxy) carbonyl compounds, which serve as convenient precursors to diverse compound classes. Functionalized carbocycles are accessible by very rare all-carbon 5-endo-trig cyclizations, but also common 5-exo-trig radical cyclizations, based on the persistent radical effect. The tandem reactions can be further extended by highly diastereoselective allylation or reduction steps to give complex scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šimek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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12
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Sadanandan S, Gupta DK. Changing stereoselectivity and regioselectivity in copper( i)-catalyzed 5- exo cyclization by chelation and rigidity in aminoalkyl radicals: synthesis towards diverse bioactive N-heterocycles. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05166j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chelation, rigidity and carbon-radical positions in aminoalkyl precursors disturb the usual 2,4-trans diastereoselectivity and 5-exo mode in Cu(i)-catalyzed ATRC.
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